Under the background of worldwide transition towards sustainability, Chinese government has begun to advocate nationwide sustainable-industrialization through initiating Eco-industrial Parks (EIPs) since last decade. While EIP projects are widely carried out by both central and local governments, the standards for EIP planning and management promulgated in China are considered to be inefficient and incomprehensive in this study. Due to the challenge of economy-environment conflict China confronts and the consequent narrow definition of China's EIPs which focuses mainly on environmental performance, a main limitation of the standards is the unbalanced considerations between the three basic foundations of sustainable development (SD) concept - economic growth, social development, and environmental protection and restoration. By reviewing several leading assessment tools being used internationally, as well as analyzing the specific issues existing during industrial development in China, this research intends to develop a synthetic and advanced indicator system, to evaluate China’s EIP performance. This system comprises 34 indicators that integrate four broad aspects of 'economic development', 'social development', 'environmental management', and 'administration'. For each indicator, detailed measurement and criterion are proposed for evaluation and implementation. Additionally, a case study of Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), a certificated EIP, is conducted to illustrate the application of this assessment system. The proposed indicator system is supposed to fill in the gap in EIP performance evaluation in China, from a view of the internationally perceived understandings of EIP and SD concepts. Although future studies are still needed to test and improve its feasibility and accuracy in terms of both indicator selection and criteria setting, this system provides a generic framework for EIP assessment work in China and is expected to drive China's EIP movement towards a more sustainable approach.

Under the background of worldwide transition towards sustainability, Chinese government has begun to advocate nationwide sustainable-industrialization through initiating Eco-industrial Parks (EIPs) since last decade. While EIP projects are widely carried out by both central and local governments, the standards for EIP planning and management promulgated in China are considered to be inefficient and incomprehensive in this study. Due to the challenge of economy-environment conflict China confronts and the consequent narrow definition of China's EIPs which focuses mainly on environmental performance, a main limitation of the standards is the unbalanced considerations between the three basic foundations of sustainable development (SD) concept - economic growth, social development, and environmental protection and restoration. By reviewing several leading assessment tools being used internationally, as well as analyzing the specific issues existing during industrial development in China, this research intends to develop a synthetic and advanced indicator system, to evaluate China’s EIP performance. This system comprises 34 indicators that integrate four broad aspects of 'economic development', 'social development', 'environmental management', and 'administration'. For each indicator, detailed measurement and criterion are proposed for evaluation and implementation. Additionally, a case study of Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), a certificated EIP, is conducted to illustrate the application of this assessment system. The proposed indicator system is supposed to fill in the gap in EIP performance evaluation in China, from a view of the internationally perceived understandings of EIP and SD concepts. Although future studies are still needed to test and improve its feasibility and accuracy in terms of both indicator selection and criteria setting, this system provides a generic framework for EIP assessment work in China and is expected to drive China's EIP movement towards a more sustainable approach.

A methodology was developed for determining the economic feasibility of a wood products industrial park. The methodology consists of twelve steps that address the goals of park owners, the feasibility of secondary manufacturing alternatives, the feasibility of the development corporation, and the financial areas needing management attention. Prerequisites to the financial analysis include market and technical analyses. Community impact analysis was also acknowledged as an important component of an overall feasibility analysis. A case study was performed that consisted of an economic feasibility analysis for a wood products industrial park in Southwest Virginia. The case study assumed private ownership and found that the best mix of park tenants included: an edge-glued dimension panel manufacturer, a solid dimension lumber manufacturer, a custom millwork manufacturer, and a pallet manufacturer. Primary manufacturing and marketing services were included in the preferred park formation as subsidiaries of the park development corporation. The park was predicted to have a strong positive impact on the regional economy. / Master of Science

After the Second World War, Taiwan had at beginning of industrialization dependent on the financial aid and technology innovation from America and Japan. And by 1980s, Taiwan had become manufacturing giant, and the growth seem to be well balanced. However as with all the developing countries, the amazing economic growth is not without it’s price. Like most of the developing countries, Taiwan is ill prepare to deal with the problem cause by the remarkable economic growth, especially the environmental problem incurred by the industrial production. Since 70s, Taiwan had been developing the IT industry. In 1992, price fall, firms began to look for producers whom were able to produce high quality products at low cost, and they found Taiwan with all the requirements. The feasibility of this development has not been properly investigated. Environmental problems at Hsinchu Science-based Industrial Park are traffic congestion, air pollution, groundwater and land contamination, pollution of rivers etc. Those problems result from the lack of capacity in dealing with industrial waste, imperfect information lead to ineffective regulation, lack of proper waste management. Although there are cost and benefit to the successful high tech industry, most are ignored about the negative externality spin off from the capitalistic production; economic analysis of this problem could help us understand the issue in depth.

As a new economy emerges, driven mainly by information technology, we have seen global expansion and prosperous development from the United States. During the last 10 years, research into the increasingly important issues posed by globalization has been carried out in all divisions of the social sciences. As a widely accepted and used concept, however, the word ¡§globalization¡¨ does not guarantee a greater understanding of the world. An existing analytical structure still dominates studies of globalization, and it reveals that current standpoints and mindsets of specific academic disciplines have caused many debates. For example, Held et al (2001¡G3-19) proposed five major controversial globalization issues worthy of study: ¡§conceptualization of globalization¡¨, ¡§causal relationships of globalization¡¨, ¡§definition of the globalization period¡¨, ¡§impact and influence of globalization¡¨, and ¡§trace the development of globalization¡¨. This study focuses on how Taiwan¡¦s science and industrial parks affect Taiwan¡¦s domestic economy and vision with their positioning, transformation, and future development in the competitive global market. China¡¦s gigantic and attractive market and Taiwan¡¦s current political limitations mean that globalization and regional coopetition are indivisible issues for the purposes of this research. Science parks in Asia have become a fast-rising clustering phenomenon as the largest in the world in this new century, and one result has been Taiwan¡¦s success in the global electronics (wafer fab) industry. Currently there are three major science (industrial) parks in Taiwan, located (by order of establishment) in Hsin-chu, Tainan, and Taichung. All three are important bases of Taiwan¡¦s scientific industry. The contribution of these parks to Taiwan¡¦s GDP has increased in each of the 26 years of their development. This study aims to reconstruct the competition model of Taiwan¡¦s science parks from the view point of data processing. This research will also analyze the maintenance of Taiwan¡¦s economic advantages and influence of these government-supported parks¡¦ development mechanism on the nation¡¦s economy in the midst of a fast-changing global business environment, in the hope of continuous, excellent innovation and performance.

This thesis has established models of water footprint in the Eco-industrial Park. The model was presented in three different levels, namely the level of Eco-industrial Park, the level of enterprises and the level of products. There are two parts of each model. The first part is the schema tization of different components of the water footprint. The second part is the mathematical model of water footprint counting.   After the models, we made several case studies using these m odels established in this thesis. The first case is the water footprint assessment of the Yixing Economic Development Zone (YEDZ). There are water footprints of the YEDZ in the year of 2009, 2012 and 2015 separately, which are 6787613.6 10 × m3,  61110018 10 × m3 and 62413749 10 ×  m3. Considering the different scales of the YE DZ, for example, the increasing industrial production and economic development, we also make the water footprints per capital of the YEDZ in the year of 2009, 2012 and 2015. The results are 19690.34 ×103m3/capita, 24667.07 ×103m3/capita and 48274.98 ×103m3/capita.  In the level of Eco-industrial Park,  we take several enterprises as case studies. The enterprises are within different types of industries including Chemical industry, Textile and dye ing industry, Optoelectronic industry, and Mechanical, Photovoltaic industry and machinery manufacture industry, etc. These enterprises are investigated by surveys and statistical documents. From  the results, we can see that the enterprises with big footprint are mostly in Chemical industry, Textile and  dyeing industry and Photovoltaic industry.  In order to make the data more reasonable, we also calculated the water footprint per unit out-put value. What’s interesting, the enterprises in Chemical industry, Textile and dyeing industry and Photovoltaic industry also have big water footprint per unit out-put value.  In the level of product, we take the surfactants produced by Jiangsu Guanyang Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. This enterprise has moved to a new place and made some improvement in the production. On one hand, they have increased the scale of production for three times than before; on the other hand they have adopted a lot of water saving facilities and measures, such as the use of rain wa ter, the increase of water recycling and the involvement of water cascade utilization. So in this thesis, we comp ared the water footprint of surfactants before and after moving. The Water Footprint of surfactants per year before moving is 22914.8(m3), after moving is 56804.4 (m3). However, the Water Footprint of surfactants before moving  is  2.52 (m3/t), while after moving is 2.08 (m3/t).  Finally, we gave some response options after the analysis and discussion of the results. The suggestions are given in three levels as well. The first one is to the gov ernment or so-called policy makers; the second one is to the enterprises; the third one is to the staff members in the Yixing Economic Development Zone.

Abstract National lands are important resources of a country as well as important tools of a government for implement of its policies. National lands are usually released in different ways and for development and utilization of different purposes from short-term lease to medium- or long-term lease; appraisal for superficies right; sale of land ownership; and from appropriation of lands to the competent authorities in charge of the relevant industries to management and operation of the lands by land authorities. Different ways of land release will bring about different policy effects and financial effects. Therefore, to attain certain goals of policies, the central government will make use of different ways to release lands for meeting different needs. In the past, when it is necessary to develop and utilize National lands for special development purposes, the public lands will become the targets of such development in most cases, and the competent government authorities in charge of the relevant industries usually play a leading role in the development. However, this is not the case in the recent ¡§Ting Pu High-tech Industrial Park Development Project¡¨ of Taipei County Government. In the project, the non-public lands became objectives of development rather than the public lands under the control of National Property Administration (NPA), Ministry of Finance. The project, through public selection procedure, recruits investors to participate in the development of the lands. As a result, three high-tech companies including Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. entered the park and built factories there. So the project should be considered as a successful case of land release. In recent years, NPA took over some lands from the Taiwan Provincial Government and commissioned the local governments to manage those lands. In addition, NPA started to take over the national assets from various organizations and state-run enterprises. It is anticipated that there will be a great deal of state-owned non-public lands to be released by NPA at the proper time and in proper ways for development and utilizations. In this way, the state-owned lands will have the opportunities to develop their functions. This study probes into the innovative development mold of Ting Pu High-tech Industrial Park and discuss the successful factors and existing problems of the park. It is hope that this study may provide the government a better method to create the utilization value of the lands and further to promote development of the country¡¦s economy and prosperity of the society. Finally, the research submits the following suggests: (1) The government should establish a land reserve system to enhance the power and function of land distribution and develop the functions of the public lands and its role in development of society and economy. (2) Currently, there are five types of industrial lands in the country, and they compete with one another to strive for resources and sources of customers. So, an integration of those lands becomes essential. (3) An incentive system should be established to encourage the local governments to take actions that suit local circumstances and develop the industries with local features. The government departments may also take the opportunities to release more public-owned lands for development and utilization of land in order to increase the land use value and create higher economic effect. Key words¡GNational land development mold¡ATing pu High-tech Industrial Park

Based on the Cross-Domain Analysis method of the ¡§Public Affairs Management Integrated Reference Framework,¡¨ this study analyzed the the strategies and decisions of the sustainable development of the industrial park of the Kaohsiung Region. It combine the primary data , secondary data and the qualitative research,and compare with the results of the Cognitive Continuum Theory(CCT) and the Interactive Management,(IM), in order to understand the whole picture from some dimensions. At the end of the research, it can be agreed that the Cross-Domain Analysis method of the ¡§Public Affairs Management Integrated Reference Framework¡¨ and solve the multiple opinions of diversified communities, through the ten stages of the method, we can clarified the questions and concluded the strategies. There are the conclusions of the study as the follows: (1) the study concluded the eight questions of the Sustainable Development of the Industrial Park of the Kaohsiung Region; (2) they are the key performance factors to reduce the gap of Kaohsiong and Taipei, and to enhance the relationship with the main-land China, they could promote the effiencies of the Kaohsiong Port and Kaohsiung Airport. (3) to examine the land-use of the industrial parts of Kaohsiong, and to upgrate the industrial typies could create more job opportunities;(4) to import new industries is the most important strategy; and the policy-maketing should add more the elements of the intuition; (5) it can concluded the ten strategies based on the Interactive Management(IM); (6) the first priority strategy is to establish the managerial mechanism of the cross-territories, in order to consolidate the efforts of the Central government and the Local government.

Urban and industrial settings represent potential areas for increased carbon (C) sequestration and storage through intensified tree growth. Consisting of an estimated 1270 ha of land once entirely forested, Burnside Industrial Park (BIP) in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. Our study examines the degree to which intensified urban tree planting within the BIP ecosystem could enhance C sequestration and storage. This was achieved by conducting a geospatial analysis in combination with construction of a C model. Three scenarios urban forest development were examined. If all potential planting spots are filled with trees by 2020, an estimated 26,368 tC, at a sequestration rate of 635 tC/yr, could be achieved by 2050. Next, we explored the challenges and opportunities associated with pursuing C offset markets as a means for funding urban forest development within BIP. A basic framework from which a community?based C offset market could potentially be established was recommended.

There has been substantial research in recent years on the development dynamics of agglomeration economies - the industrial cluster perspective. However, the industrial cluster literature has tended to neglect the environmental impacts of clustering. Meanwhile, industrial ecology has tackled environmental concerns by promoting a new type of eco-friendly industrial system, eco-industrial park (EIP), that encourage circular flows of materials, energy and by-product exchange between neighbouring firms. Given that these two theories can potentially supplement each other, this doctoral study seeks to build bridges between the industrial cluster literature and the industrial ecology literature in order to address the research question: “how do clustered producers draw on inter-firm collaboration and institutional linkages to undertake holistic environmental upgrading strategies?” This study draws on comparative empirical evidence from the Banwol-Sihwa textiles dyeing cluster and the Yeosu petrochemical cluster in South Korea. Both the industrial clusters show a pattern of gradual environmental upgrading that is termed as ‘collective eco-efficiency’, although specific types of such collective behaviours have become differentiated due to their structural differences. The findings provide three key contributions to industrial ecology: (1) Intra-sectoral inter-firm relationships and regional firm-institutional relationships are much more influential in establishing an EIP than inter-sectoral inter-firm relationships on which industrial ecology has conventionally emphasised. (2) Although industrial ecology has mainly concerned of sectoral heterogeneity within an area, the multiplicity of production stages within an industrial cluster is also an important physical condition in establishing an EIP. (3) The notions of institutional setting and planning that have used in very ambiguous manners in industrial ecology are in essence a type of learning-by-interaction dynamics between local firms and other actors based on regional innovation systems. As for the industrial cluster literature, the findings in this study also suggests three conceptual implications: (1) Most studies addressing environmental issues in the industrial cluster literature have largely ignored the inter-sectoral dimension, the dynamics of collective efficiency is not necessarily limited within a sectoral boundary at least with regard to environmental upgrading. (2) Given that value chains do not necessarily match material flows, anchor tenant’s coordination power over material flows should be highlighted in addition to lead firm’s coordination power over value chains. (3) Regional innovation systems function as institutional ability to balance private benefits and social benefits.