Thesis (M.B.A.)--Boston University

Estudar a relação entre estratégias de produtos e graus de centralização ou descentralização de pesquisa, desenvolvimento e engenharia em empresas internacionais do setor de bens de capital sob encomenda é o objetivo principal proposto nesta pesquisa. Para tanto há necessidade de entender como as organizações estão estruturadas, quais os tipos de produtos elas comercializam, como produtos e processos são gerados ou adaptados e qual a eficácia da estrutura para dar suporte a estes produtos e processos, dentre outros temas relevantes para o estudo. O presente estudo, elaborado a partir de pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa em seis localidades de quatro empresas no Brasil e na Alemanha, permitiu concluir que a estrutura organizacional, mais especificamente o grau de descentralização, é influenciada substancialmente pela estratégia de produtos e por fatores intervenientes, principalmente pela necessidade de interação com clientes, necessidade de apoio às unidades produtivas, localização das fábricas e dispersão geográfica. / To study the relation between strategies of products and degrees of centralization or decentralization of research, development and engineering in international companies of the sector of on demand industrial goods is the main objective in this research. It is necessary to understand how the organizations are structuralized, which are the types of products they commercialize, how products and processes are generated or adapted and which is the effectiveness of the structure to support these products and processes, among other subjects. The present study, elaborated from qualitative and quantitative research in six locations of four companies in Brazil and Germany, allowed to conclude that the organizational structure, more specifically the decentralization degree, is influenced substantially by the strategy of products and intervening factors, mainly the necessity of interaction with customers, necessity of support the productive units, localization of the plants and geographic dispersion.

This thesis analyses what effects foreign direct investments (FDI) has on a firm’s gross profit, wages and labour productivity. Focus is on the Swedish industrial goods and service sector which has shown on a rapid growth of offshore production. We use a theoretical framework with FDI and productivity theories. As a result of cost efficient alternatives to domestic production, a firm’s productivity should fall in the case of increased foreign production. Although, the increase in gross profit should rule out the negative affect that a decrease in productivity cause. There is a positive relationship between offshore production and gross profits, and expanded foreign production leads to a decreased wage rate. However, increased foreign employment showed a boost the labour productivity, which is wrong from a theoretical point of view. / I den här uppsatsen analyseras hur utländska direktinvesteringar påverkar företags vinster, löner och arbetsproduktivitet. Fokus är ställt på svenska företag inom sektorn industriella varor och tjänster. Den teoretiska delen tar upp utländska direktinvesteringar och arbetsproduktivitet. Som ett resultat av kostnadseffektiva alternativ utomlands, borde arbetsproduktiviteten falla om den utländska produktionen ökar. Den väntade vinstökningen efter utlandslokalisering borde dock ge en generell positiv effekt. Den empiriska delen visar ett positivt samband mellan utlandslokalisering och vinst. Bevis finnes också för att medellönen sjunker när utlandslokaliseringen ökar. Empiriska resultat visar också att ökad utlandslokalisering ökar arbetsproduktiviteten, vilket ur teoretisk ståndpunkt inte stämmer.

<p>This thesis analyses what effects foreign direct investments (FDI) has on a firm’s gross profit, wages and labour productivity. Focus is on the Swedish industrial goods and service sector which has shown on a rapid growth of offshore production. We use a theoretical framework with FDI and productivity theories. As a result of cost efficient alternatives to domestic production, a firm’s productivity should fall in the case of increased foreign production. Although, the increase in gross profit should rule out the negative affect that a decrease in productivity cause.</p><p>There is a positive relationship between offshore production and gross profits, and expanded foreign production leads to a decreased wage rate. However, increased foreign employment showed a boost the labour productivity, which is wrong from a theoretical point of view.</p> / <p>I den här uppsatsen analyseras hur utländska direktinvesteringar påverkar företags vinster, löner och arbetsproduktivitet. Fokus är ställt på svenska företag inom sektorn industriella varor och tjänster. Den teoretiska delen tar upp utländska direktinvesteringar och arbetsproduktivitet. Som ett resultat av kostnadseffektiva alternativ utomlands, borde arbetsproduktiviteten falla om den utländska produktionen ökar. Den väntade vinstökningen efter utlandslokalisering borde dock ge en generell positiv effekt.</p><p>Den empiriska delen visar ett positivt samband mellan utlandslokalisering och vinst. Bevis finnes också för att medellönen sjunker när utlandslokaliseringen ökar. Empiriska resultat visar också att ökad utlandslokalisering ökar arbetsproduktiviteten, vilket ur teoretisk ståndpunkt inte stämmer.</p>

Estudar a relação entre estratégias de produtos e graus de centralização ou descentralização de pesquisa, desenvolvimento e engenharia em empresas internacionais do setor de bens de capital sob encomenda é o objetivo principal proposto nesta pesquisa. Para tanto há necessidade de entender como as organizações estão estruturadas, quais os tipos de produtos elas comercializam, como produtos e processos são gerados ou adaptados e qual a eficácia da estrutura para dar suporte a estes produtos e processos, dentre outros temas relevantes para o estudo. O presente estudo, elaborado a partir de pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa em seis localidades de quatro empresas no Brasil e na Alemanha, permitiu concluir que a estrutura organizacional, mais especificamente o grau de descentralização, é influenciada substancialmente pela estratégia de produtos e por fatores intervenientes, principalmente pela necessidade de interação com clientes, necessidade de apoio às unidades produtivas, localização das fábricas e dispersão geográfica. / To study the relation between strategies of products and degrees of centralization or decentralization of research, development and engineering in international companies of the sector of on demand industrial goods is the main objective in this research. It is necessary to understand how the organizations are structuralized, which are the types of products they commercialize, how products and processes are generated or adapted and which is the effectiveness of the structure to support these products and processes, among other subjects. The present study, elaborated from qualitative and quantitative research in six locations of four companies in Brazil and Germany, allowed to conclude that the organizational structure, more specifically the decentralization degree, is influenced substantially by the strategy of products and intervening factors, mainly the necessity of interaction with customers, necessity of support the productive units, localization of the plants and geographic dispersion.

Submitted by Nara Lays Domingues Viana Oliveira (naradv) on 2015-07-17T14:20:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 benedetto.pdf: 1783315 bytes, checksum: b2bb575fa6d7d61e63524cd6c3ca269a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-17T14:20:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 benedetto.pdf: 1783315 bytes, checksum: b2bb575fa6d7d61e63524cd6c3ca269a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05 / Nenhuma / O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o nível tecnológico da pauta de exportação brasileira, e sua evolução, para seus principais parceiros comerciais: BRICS, MERCOSUL, Estados Unidos e União Europeia, entre 2000 e 2012. Além disso, identifica-se o grau de competitividade das exportações através da análise do IVCR e do IEE. Para tanto, são considerados os 20 produtos mais exportados pelo Brasil para cada destino mencionado, agregados até o 4° dígito da NCM, classificados por intensidade tecnológica, segundo a taxonomia de Pavitt, adaptada por Holland e Xavier (2004). Através destas análises se percebe que o Brasil está passando por um processo de reprimarização de sua pauta exportadora, pois as exportações dos produtos primários cresceram acima da média nos últimos anos para todos os destinos analisados. A exceção a esta análise é o MERCOSUL. Porém, destaca-se que o processo de reprimarização não é, necessariamente, negativo para a economia brasileira. No entanto, é necessário tomar medidas para que o mesmo não venha a se tornar prejudicial a longo prazo, reduzindo a competitividade da indústria nacional. / The purpose of this paper is to analyze the technological level of brazilian exports, and its evolution, to its major trading partners: BRICS, MERCOSUR, United States and European Union, between 2000 and 2012. Furthermore, it seeks the identification of the competitiveness level of brazilian exports through the analysisofRCA and IES.For that, are considered the 20 most exported products, by Brazil, for each destination mentioned, aggregateduntil the 4th digit of the NCM,classified by technological intensity, according to Pavitt’s taxonomy and adapted by Holland and Xavier (2004).Through these analyzes we realize that Brazil is going through a reprimarization process of its exports, because theexports of primary products have grown above average for all analyzed destinations in the recent years. The exception to these analyses is the MERCOSUR. But, it is important to emphasize that the process of reprimarization is not, necessarily, negative for Brazil’s economy. However, it’s necessary to take some precautions, so it won’t become negative in long term, reducing the competitiveness of domestic industry.

The thesis will focus on the first exhibitions of the industrial goods in Bohemia between the years 1754 and 1836. In every one of the chronologically sorted chapters, including each exhibition, it will focus on themes such as the changeover between manufactures and the industrial production, the role of craftsmen, the role of the emperor and aristocracy supporting the Czech industry, the foundation of Unity for the development of the Bohemian industry. The thesis is also focused on finding the subjects, which were displayed on the first exhibitions.