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D.Com. (Business Economics) / In the modern social context private enterprise is expected not only to pursue profitability but also social objectives. The fact that business is expected to be involved in the social welfare of society has important implications for the division of responsibility between government and private enterprise within society. Traditionally it used to be the sole responsibility of government to see to the social welfare of society. Due to the view that business has a social responsibility uncertainty exists as to the respective roles of government and private enterprise. The objective of this research was to obtain an indication of the scope and nature of the social responsibility of business in South Africa. For this purpose the attitude of the white community in South Africa regarding corporate social responsibility was measured. In this respect the attitude of managers of companies registered on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange was also measured...

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For some time now there has been a growing tendency for new industry to locate in or near small communities for reasons varying from deliberate decentralization for defense purposes to the purely economic necessity of locating near the site of required natural resources. This study is concerned with communities in such area where the new industry's activity is large in comparison with the economic activity already in existence and thus the new industry often becomes the dominant or characteristic function of the community. Quite naturally under these conditions new industry has a considerable impact on the social, economic and physical makeup of a community. The effects may be, and often are, so significant that the resources of the community may be stretched to breaking point in its effort to adapt to meet the changes brought about. Far worse is the fact that within the community itself there is often little realization of the far reaching changes which may result from the presence of a new plant and therefore little forethought is given to population changes, in terms of number or characteristics, or the changes in community service and facility needs which will ensue. As a result little if any planning is done to meet and ameliorate these changes. There is much evidence of this sort of thing having taken place in British Columbia and there are indications that large industrial concerns will continue to locate in small communities in that Province. Different methods commonly used for measuring the impact of new industry are discussed and evaluated, and the proposition is advanced that the use of any one method may not have any meaning. The approach adopted is therefore descriptive and qualitative. No quantitative indices are sought and no attempt is made to arrive at a precise quantitative measure of change, rather the area of change is emphasized throughout. The procedure followed consists of an examination of published accounts of experiences in the United States and Canada and a study of some selected communities in the Province of British Columbia. The work is chiefly concerned with community economic structure and services and facilities; the sociological aspects of change are not examined. The analysis of the experience of communities is concerned with isolated significant aspects of change and with the broader effects on the economic structure of the community as a whole. The analysis is further concerned with different types of communities and how the impact of a given new industry may vary with community type. Implications for planning are dealt with and specific planning measures are advanced to ameliorate the impact of new industry. Since the knowledge of this impact is not enough for municipalities in poor financial condition the notion is advanced that financial assistance is necessary from a higher level of government and that there is a definite role for a super municipal government in many communities for this and other reasons. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

The thesis is divided generally into two sections. The first delineates the virtually invisible and yet dominating ideology (ethos) which directs advanced industrial society collectively and individually. The second portion presents the meaning of this ideology (ethos) for society and its members. More specifically, the second portion asserts that the nature of advanced industrial society mediates against the possibility of our understanding it, and further militates against the application of any understanding we might have to the resolution of the historical plight of our society. The concept of "ethos" is introduced, and a number of familiar strains in the historical development of advanced industrial society are described so as to show their interrelationship in development, and as mutual supports for one another. These strains are shown to combine in historical development to have meaning over and beyond the sum of their parts; to direct the society as the dominant ethos (ideology) — the liberal technocratic ethos. The argument holds that western man, being dominated by the need to conquer scarcity, sought to organize his activity in the most rationalized way to produce more goods. Science became the method by which he could gain control over nature. Bureaucracy was the organizational method by which the principles and prerogatives of science in its applied form,technology, could be instituted in society. Liberalism is seen as the formal philosophical explanation and justification of these changes in the organization of society. Taken together, the liberal technocratic ethos is basically and fundamentally scientific and economic. And it is the adherence to the values and prerogatives of this ethos which above all directs and determines the activity of advanced industrial society. The third chapter further describes the nature of the liberal technocratic ethos and speaks to the meaning it maintains in the society. Although it can be shown to qualify as a valid ideology, the liberal technocratic ethos is not considered as such because of its utter dominance in advanced industrial society (it "transcends" all contemporary ideological disputes because they largely accept the directives of the dominant ethos as given and thus carry on conventional debates circumscribed within this larger context); or because it is considered not to be a positive force in its own right, but rather a neutral method to apply on behalf of human needs and objectives. This is shown not to be the case, for the prerogatives of the liberal technocratic ethos make transforming demands on the whole of that which it must deal within the contemporary case, virtually every facet of our lives. Lastly, the thesis argues that advanced industrial society displays as affirmative character—that is, it serves to form its members so as to affirm itself. (The formative character of any society is granted as the process of developmnnt and socialization of any member.) On a sociological level, conformity to the values and procedures of the status quo is a bureaucratic prerogative. On a philosophical level, the philosophy of science strips other epistemological and ontological views of their validity, and thus of their ability to judge the scientific project of advanced industrial society. On a political level, the society is able to absorb alternatives into its dominant whole and further serves to transform the content of viable alternatives to that of support for the given historical project. Pluralism, philosophical and political, seems apparent, but it is feigned pluralism because no force does effectively challenge the larger dominance of the liberal technocratic ethos. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Alfred P. Sloan School of Management, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND DEWEY. / Bibliography: leaves 117-120. / by Mong Joon Chung. / M.S.

<p>This study focused on understanding inter-organizational relationships (IOR) of a dynamic nature. A dynamic process that has repetitive sequences of negotiation, commitment, and execution stages is central to inter-organizational relationships. The dynamic process is a tool that is used by management through collaboration, co-operation, and coordination to engender formation, governance, and performance of inter-organizational relationships. This report looked into how the resource-dependency theory gives insight into the formation of an inter-organizational relationships and how the transaction-cost theory contributes to the understanding ofinter-organizational relationships governance.</p>

<p>This study focused on understanding inter-organizational relationships (IOR) of a dynamic nature. A dynamic process that has repetitive sequences of negotiation, commitment, and execution stages is central to inter-organizational relationships. The dynamic process is a tool that is used by management through collaboration, co-operation, and coordination to engender formation, governance, and performance of inter-organizational relationships. This report looked into how the resource-dependency theory gives insight into the formation of an inter-organizational relationships and how the transaction-cost theory contributes to the understanding ofinter-organizational relationships governance.</p>

本研究通过对于过往社会网络和社会资本的相关研究的梳理，提出了社会网络发生作用的机制问题，并通过对于广东珠三角企业的数据模型化分析和定性材料分析，来从策略和门槛两个方面回答了这个问题：从策略方面看，企业要有效发展社会网络，在抓住关键社会网络关系的基础上发展全面的社会网络是对于其效益提升起到最良好作用的策略。而从门槛方面来看，社会网络的作用并不是对于所有企业都是有效的，总体而言社会网络对于具有高行业技术自主性的行业里的企业有正向作用，而对于处于具有低行技术自主性的企业沒有显著作用，这也就是社会网络作用的第一道自主性门槛；而对于处于高技术自主性行业的企业而言，社会网络对于高企业技术自主性的企业的经济效益的正向作用大于对于低企业技术自主性的企业的作用，这就是社会网络作用的第二道自主性门槛 。 / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 任慧岩. / Thesis (M.Phil.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-64). / Ren Huiyan.

Kwok Hong-kin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1980. / Bibliography: leaves 204-215.