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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Perfil clÃnico-epidemiolÃgico das infecÃÃes respiratÃrias agudas causadas por metapneumovÃrus humano em crianÃas atendidas no Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin - Fortaleza/Cearà / Clinic-epidemiologic report of acute respiratory infections caused by human metapneumovirus in children atttended in Infantil Albert Sabin Hospital - Fortaleza / CearÃ

Joyce Fonteles Ribeiro 26 February 2008 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O metapneumovÃrus humano (MPVh) à um vÃrus que tem se destacado como um dos agentes mais freqÃentes de infecÃÃes respiratÃrias agudas (IRA) virais na infÃncia. Este estudo teve como objetivos: observar a freqÃÃncia das infecÃÃes causadas pelo MPVh em crianÃas atendidas por IRA no Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin, hospital pediÃtrico de referÃncia do estado do CearÃ, no perÃodo de janeiro de 2006 a dezembro de 2007; descrever aspectos de sazonalidade dessas infecÃÃes relacionando-as com a ocorrÃncia de chuvas e a circulaÃÃo de outros vÃrus respiratÃrios; descrever as caracterÃsticas clÃnico-epidemiolÃgicas dos pacientes infectados pelo MPVh, comparando com os pacientes negativos e com os positivos para outros vÃrus e avaliar a tÃcnica de IFI como mÃtodo de diagnÃstico para a detecÃÃo do MPVh. Amostras de secreÃÃo de nasofaringe foram coletadas de crianÃas com sintomas de IRA e submetidas à tÃcnica de imunofluorescÃncia indireta para detecÃÃo dos seguintes vÃrus respiratÃrios: MPVh, vÃrus sincicial respiratÃrio (VSR), influenza A e B, adenovÃrus e parainfluenza 1, 2 e 3. Durante os 24 meses de estudo, foram colhidas amostras de 1276 crianÃas sendo detectado algum vÃrus respiratÃrio em 380 (29,78%) amostras. O MPVh foi o segundo vÃrus respiratÃrio mais encontrado representando um total de 8,69% de todas as amostras e de 29% dentre as amostras positivas para os vÃrus pesquisados. NÃo foi observado para o MPVh um padrÃo de sazonalidade nem correlaÃÃo com perÃodo chuvoso. A maioria dos pacientes positivos para MPVh foram atendidos na emergÃncia (89,2%). A mÃdia de idade dos pacientes positivos para o MPVh foi de 27 meses sendo significativamente superior que a das crianÃas infectadas pelo VSR (15 meses), adenovÃrus (14 meses) e vÃrus parainfluenza 3 (18 meses). Dentre os pacientes infectados pelo MPVh, 53,2% tiveram o diagnÃstico de infecÃÃes das vias aÃreas superiores e 46,7% tiveram o diagnÃstico de infecÃÃes das vias aÃreas inferiores. As infecÃÃes por MPVh apresentaram o mesmo espectro de infecÃÃes causadas pelos demais vÃrus pesquisados. O MPVh associou-se mais a casos de pneumonia que levaram à hospitalizaÃÃo das crianÃas infectadas do que outros vÃrus analisados. Mais da metade dos pacientes infectados pelo MPVh utilizaram o aerossol / salbutamol no seu tratamento (68,5%). A tÃcnica de IFI mostrou-se bastante eficaz como mÃtodo de diagnÃstico para a detecÃÃo do MPVh nesse estudo / The human metapneumovÃrus (hMPV) is a newly discovered virus that has been considered as one of the most common agents of acute respiratory infections (ARI) virus in childhood. The objectives of this study were: 1) to observe the frequency of infections caused by hMPV among children attending Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin, a major pediatric hospital in CearÃ, from January 2006 to December 2007; 2) to describe aspects of seasonality of these infections relating them to the occurrence of rain and the circulation of other respiratory viruses, 3) to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients infected by hMPV, compared with positive and negative patients for other viruses; 4) to evaluate the IFI assay as a method of diagnosis for the detection of hMPV. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from children with symptoms of ARI and submitted to indirect immunofluorescence assays for the detection of the following respiratory viruses: hMPV, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A and B, adenovirus and parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3. During the 24 months of study, samples were collected from 1276 and respiratory viruses were demonstrated in 380 (29.78%) samples. The hMPV was the second most frequently detected respiratory viruses representing a total of 8.69% of all samples and 29% among the samples positive for the virus analyzed. It was not observed for hMPV a pattern of seasonality or correlation with the rainy season. Most patients positive for hMPV were attended in the emergence (89.2%). The mean age of patients infected by hMPV was 27 months, wich is significantly older than that for VSR (15 months), adenovirus (14 months) and parainfluenza virus 3 (18 months). Among patients infected by hMPV, 53.2% had a diagnosis of infections of the upper airways and 46.7% had a diagnosis of infections of the lower airways. The hMPV infections showed the same spectrum of infections caused by other viruses analyzed. The hMPV associated to more cases of pneumonia that led to the hospitalization of children infected than other viruses analyzed. More than half of these patients used the aerosol / salbutamol as conduct therapy (68.5%). The IFI assay proved to be quite effective as a method of diagnosis for the detection of hMPV in this study
2

Perfil epidemiolÃgico das infecÃÃes causadas por vÃrus sincicial respiratÃrio em crianÃas atendidas em hospital de Fortaleza - Ce / Epidemiology and clinical presentation of respiratory syncytial virus infections in Fortaleza city, Northeast Brazil

Ila Fernanda Nunes Lima 19 November 2004 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O vÃrus sincicial respiratÃrio (VSR) destaca-se como patÃgeno importante de infecÃÃes das vias aÃreas inferiores (IVAI) infantis, principalmente no primeiro ano de vida. Este estudo teve como objetivos: determinar a prevalÃncia do VSR em casos de infecÃÃes respiratÃrias agudas (IRAs) em crianÃas atendidas no Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin, em Fortaleza - CE, entre janeiro de 2001 e julho de 2004; descrever o padrÃo de sazonalidade de circulaÃÃo do VSR ao longo do perÃodo de estudo; observar caracterÃsticas clÃnico-epidemiolÃgicas dessas infecÃÃes; caracterizar antigenicamente os VSR circulantes nos perÃodos epidÃmicos de 2003 e 2004 e determinar a taxa de isolamento do VSR em cultura de cÃlulas HEp-2 a partir de amostras coletadas em 2002, 2003 e 2004 e estocadas a â20ÂC. Aspirados de nasofaringe foram coletados de crianÃas com atà sete dias de inÃcio dos sintomas de IRA e submetidos à reaÃÃo de imunofluorescÃncia indireta (IFI). Amostras coletadas em 2002, 2003 e 2004, armazenadas a â20ÂC, foram inoculadas em monocamadas de cÃlulas HEp-2. Nos 43 meses de estudo, o VSR foi identificado em 21,0% (409/1950) dos espÃcimes clÃnicos coletados. A circulaÃÃo do vÃrus foi inicialmente observada nos meses de janeiro ou fevereiro e os Ãltimos casos foram registrados em julho ou agosto de cada ano de estudo. O pico dessas infecÃÃes foi observado nos meses de marÃo a julho, sendo associado à estaÃÃo chuvosa da cidade. As infecÃÃes causadas pelo VSR foram mais freqÃentes em crianÃas de sexo masculino e naquelas com atà dois anos de idade. Bronquiolite e pneumonia foram as sÃndromes clÃnicas mais associadas ao vÃrus. DispnÃia, dor de garganta, coriza, espirros e cianose foram os sinais e sintomas clÃnicos associados significativamente nas IRAs causadas pelo VSR. Cerca de 9,5% (39/409) das crianÃas infectadas apresentaram problemas associados, como prematuridade, cardiopatia e doenÃas pulmonares congÃnitas. Entre os fatores de risco associados a essas infecÃÃes, destacou-se a exposiÃÃo à IRA no domicÃlio. Cepas de VSR A e B co-circularam nos perÃodos epidÃmicos analisados, sem uma predominÃncia significativa de qualquer grupo antigÃnico. Cerca de 29,8% (122/409) das amostras positivas para VSR, estocadas a â20ÂC, foram inoculadas em monocamadas de cÃlulas HEp-2. O percentual de isolamento variou de 0,0%, em amostras coletadas em 2002, a 36,8%, em 2004. Nossos resultados confirmam a importÃncia do VSR como agente etiolÃgico de IRAs, especialmente IVAI, em crianÃas jovens. A ocorrÃncia do VSR na cidade de Fortaleza mostrou um padrÃo sazonal regular associado Ãs chuvas. A conservaÃÃo de amostras a â20ÂC nÃo impossibilitou o isolamento em cultura de cÃlulas atà um ano apÃs seu congelamento. / Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is detached as an important pathogen of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in children, mainly in the first year of life. This study had as purposes: to determine the prevalence of RSV in cases of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in children served in Albert Sabin Children Hospital, in Fortaleza â CE, over the period of January 2001 to July 2004; describe the seasonality pattern of RSV circulation along the study period; observe characteristics clinical-epidemiological of these infections; characterize antigenically the circulating RSV in the epidemic period from 2003 to 2004 and determine the isolation rate of RSV in HEp-2 cells culture from samples collected in 2002, 2003, and 2004 and stored at â20ÂC. Aspirated from nasopharynx were collected from children with up to seven days from the beginning of ARIs symptoms and submitted to the reaction of indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). Samples collected in 2002, 2003, and 2004, and stored at â20ÂC, were inoculated in monolayers of HEp-2 cells. During the 43 months of study, RSV was identified in 21.0% (409/1950) of the clinical specimens collected. Virus circulation was initially observed during the months of January or February and the last cases were recorded in July or August of each year of study. The peak of these infections was observed from March to July, associated with the rainy season of the city. The infections caused by RSV were more frequent in male children and those with up to two years of age. Bronchiolitis and pneumonia were the clinical syndromes more associated with the virus. Dyspnea, throat pain, coryza, sneezes and cyanosis were the significant clinical signs and symptoms in ARIs caused by RSV. About 9.5 % (39/409) of the infected children presented problems associated, such as prematurity, heart diseases and congenital pulmonary diseases. Among the risk factors associated with these infections, was pointed out the exposure to ARIs in the domicile. Strains of RSV A and B co-circulated during the epidemical periods analyzed, without a significant predominance of any antigenical group. About 29.8 % (122/409) of the positive samples for RSV, stored at â20ÂC, were inoculated in monolayers of HEp-2 cells. The isolation percentage varied from 0.0 %, in samples collected in 2002, to 36.8 %, in 2004. Our results confirm the importance of the RSV as etiological agent of ARIs, especially LRTI, in young children. The occurrence of RSV in the city of Fortaleza showed a regular seasonal pattern associated with the rains. The conservation of samples at â20ÂC did not make impossible the isolation in cells culture up to one year after freezing.

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