L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier l’incidence de la déficience visuelle sur l’estime de soi. Nous proposons une approche théorique de la théorie d’Alfred Adler « le complexe d’infériorité » afin d’étudier l’existence possible d’un complexe d’infériorité chez un malvoyant en raison de son infériorité organique. Grâce à l’approche de la psychologie interculturelle, cette recherche étudie les effets que la culture peut avoir sur l’estime de soi des malvoyants.Nous faisons l’hypothèse que la déficience visuelle a un effet négatif sur l’estime de soi, que les déficients visuels auraient un manque notable d’estime de soi, et que cela peut, parfois, se traduire par un complexe d’infériorité.Nous faisons également l’hypothèse que la variable culturelle représentée, en particulier, par les moyens qui favorisent l’autonomie et le regard de la société, joue un rôle important dans l’estime de soi des malvoyants.Les sujets de cette étude sont représentent 68 personnes malvoyantes et 112 personnes voyantes d’un âge moyen de 36 ans. L’Echelle Toulousaine de l’Estime de Soi a été utilisée pour mesurer l’estime de soi globale qui regroupe cinq domaines du soi.Les résultats révèlent un manque d’estime de soi chez les sujets malvoyants. Ils ne montrent pas de différences en ce qui concerne le sexe, ni la culture.Enfin, une approche clinique approfondie des études de cas confirme la théorie du complexe d’infériorité ; cette étude révèle, également, qu’un sentiment d’infériorité peut exister chez les malvoyants à cause de leur handicap. / The purpose of this research is to study the influence of visual impairment on the self-esteem. We propose a theoretical approach to the theory of Alfred Adler « the inferiority complex » in order to study the possible existence of an inferiority complex in the individuals with visual impairments because of their organic inferiority. In an approach to Cross-Cultural psychology, this research studies the effects which culture can have on the self-esteem of the visually impaired.Our hypothesis suggests that visual impairment has a negative effect on the self-esteem. That visually impaired would have a significant less self-esteem and that can, sometimes, to result in a inferiority complex. We also make the hypothesis that the cultural variable represented, in particular, by the means which support the autonomy and the glance of the society, plays an important role in self-esteem of the visually impaired.The subjects in this study consist of 68 visually impaired subjects and 112 subjects with normal vision (mean age = 36 years). The Toulouse Scale of Self-Esteem was used to measure the general self-esteem which gathers five fields of self-esteem.The results reveal a less self-esteem in blind subjects. They show no differences on this subject between the sexes, or between cultures. Finally, a clinical approach of clinical case study supports the theory of inferiority complex. It shows a feeling of inferiority that may exist among the visually impaired because of disability.

There is scant research concerning youth development programmes specifically from Adler's (1968) Individual Psychology perspective. Current programmes seem to be void of critical issues that are important in the local context because of their having a strong bias towards the Western perspective. Thus, the present research project sought firstly to assist the Previously Disadvantaged Youth (PDY) to develop constructive lifestyles characterised by self-mastery, encouragement, creativity and social interest. Secondly, it aimed to obtain specific local African input that would help expand the current Personal Life Planning Programme (PLPP) to one that addresses the unique needs and circumstances confronting South African PDYs today. Finally, it attempted to test the validity, scope and merit of Adler's theoretical assertion, within the context of the previously disadvantaged communities in South Africa, that all humans are engaged in a lifelong striving for superiority to overcome perpetual feelings of inferiority and life tasks. The latter objectives were addressed through the implementation of the PLPP. The study, as well as the related PLPP, is strongly founded on Adler's Individual Psychology (Adler, 1968; Ansbacher & Ansbacher 1956; Corsini & Wedding, 2005; Meyer et al., 2003; Prochaska & Narcross cited in Osborn, 2001). The relevant data were collected from a sample of matriculants from the PDY population living in a black township near Pretoria. The information was collected by means of the PLPP workbook; semi structured interviews, as well as, audiovisual equipment. A combination of a "Pre-structured Case Outline" and the related "Sequential Analysis" (Miles & Huberman, 1994, p. 85) was adopted, with the researcher undertaking the entire data management process. In addition to confirming the applicability of Adler's theory within the PDY context, the findings suggest that the research objectives were significantly met, i.e. the participants reported and displayed marked lifestyle improvements along with specific life skills development needs related to their deprivation. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

There is scant research concerning youth development programmes specifically from Adler's (1968) Individual Psychology perspective. Current programmes seem to be void of critical issues that are important in the local context because of their having a strong bias towards the Western perspective. Thus, the present research project sought firstly to assist the Previously Disadvantaged Youth (PDY) to develop constructive lifestyles characterised by self-mastery, encouragement, creativity and social interest. Secondly, it aimed to obtain specific local African input that would help expand the current Personal Life Planning Programme (PLPP) to one that addresses the unique needs and circumstances confronting South African PDYs today. Finally, it attempted to test the validity, scope and merit of Adler's theoretical assertion, within the context of the previously disadvantaged communities in South Africa, that all humans are engaged in a lifelong striving for superiority to overcome perpetual feelings of inferiority and life tasks. The latter objectives were addressed through the implementation of the PLPP. The study, as well as the related PLPP, is strongly founded on Adler's Individual Psychology (Adler, 1968; Ansbacher & Ansbacher 1956; Corsini & Wedding, 2005; Meyer et al., 2003; Prochaska & Narcross cited in Osborn, 2001). The relevant data were collected from a sample of matriculants from the PDY population living in a black township near Pretoria. The information was collected by means of the PLPP workbook; semi structured interviews, as well as, audiovisual equipment. A combination of a "Pre-structured Case Outline" and the related "Sequential Analysis" (Miles & Huberman, 1994, p. 85) was adopted, with the researcher undertaking the entire data management process. In addition to confirming the applicability of Adler's theory within the PDY context, the findings suggest that the research objectives were significantly met, i.e. the participants reported and displayed marked lifestyle improvements along with specific life skills development needs related to their deprivation. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)