Includes bibliographical references (p. 202-209).

published_or_final_version / Civil Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy

The characterization of the swell potential of expansive clay is complicated by the fact that traditional swell testing methods require an excessive amount of time for specimens to swell to their maximum heights. As a result, the practicing engineer has typically referred to correlations between swell potential and index properties rather than directly measuring swelling in a laboratory experiment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate an alternate testing method using a geotechnical centrifuge in an attempt to decrease the time required to evaluate the swell potential of expansive clays so that expermientally obtained swelling properties may be obtained within a reasonable time period. This study includes an experimental program involving a series of tests in which compacted clay specimens are flown in a cetrifuge and their heights are monitored as water infiltrates into them. / text

Postoperativ smärta upplevs av många patienter trots att det finns effektiv smärtlindring tillgänglig. Infiltrationsanestesi är en metod då lokalanestetika injiceras i operationsområdet och därmed blockerar överföringen av smärtimpulserna till centrala nervsystemet. Syftet var att undersöka om infiltrationsanestesi vid bukkirurgi minskar den postoperativa smärtan. 16 randomiserade-dubbelblind studier analyserades och gav information om läkemedlets betydelse, administreringstillfället och det kirurgiska bukingreppets betydelse. 13 av 16 studier visade på en reducering av den postoperativa smärtan hos patienterna med variation från den första postoperativa timman upp till 10 dagar. Metoden att infiltrera lokalanestetika en och en halv timma före operationen med fortsättning under, i slutet och sex timmar efter den första infiltrationen gavs visade på längst uppmätt postoperativ smärtlindring. Kunskaper om anestesiformer och smärtbedömning krävs av sjuksköterskan för att i god tid möta upp med ytterligare smärtlindring. För att kunna ge förslag på evidensbaserad sjukvård och därmed minska patienternas lidande krävs noggrannare analys av variationerna i metoderna och ett ökat samarbete mellan olika yrkeskategorier.

The purpose of this study was to describe a) the status of the household sewage systems in the municipality of Nordmaling, b) to suggest areas in which a higher level of protection would be required and c) to investigate which type of technological choice was appropriate for which type of soil. A survey was used to investigate the status of the household sewage systems. The status was judged mainly on the age and treatment of water. Protected areas, the ecological status and data for phosphorus and nitrogen were used to locate areas in need of a higher protection. Map data from the Geological Survey of Sweden was used to identify common soil types in Nordmaling. Subsequently, the map was complemented and verified with a field investigation. In a next step, characteristics of the soil types were compared to the requirements of four different sewage treatment technologies; infiltration, constructed infiltration, incinerator toilets and household sewage plants. The study shows that the household sewage systems in Nordmaling are in general not in a good condition. Almost 70 % of the sewage systems are older than 20 years and their function is likely not sufficient. The study suggests that the following areas should be included in the list of objects with high protection: Lögde- and Öre river, Kronören, Järnäs peninsula, waters with an ecological status below “good” and the protected water resources. Except for infiltration, all sewage treatment technologies were assumed to give appropriate results for all soil types.

Urban stormwater runoff is recognised as a substantial source of heavy metal contamination, which adversely impacts on water quality of regional receiving waterways. Conventional treatment of urban runoff mostly involves a filtration system using sand to retain particulate matters. Sand provides limited sorption of dissolved metals and the inclusion of commercial sorbents to these treatment systems is not cost effective due to the concentration of dissolved metals in the runoff. Recycled organic materials are by-products or waste from industrial or agricultural operations, and could be alternative low cost sorbents for stormwater treatment systems. The use of recycled sorbents also provides added value to the waste materials and reduces landfill disposal. The research explores the application of compost, zeolite, ash, and recyclable waste in urban runoff treatment, especially for dissolved metal removal. The research combines the two aspects of experimental studies and management analysis to develop a holistic approach to heavy metal control in urban stormwater systems. Experimental results of batch sorption test show that compost is suitable for removing dissolve copper in stormwater treatment. The comparison of the different mixing ratios between compost and glass beads in column test evaluates the optimum mixing sorbent and performance over a long period for copper removal. Substance Flow Analysis (SFA) of copper has been performed in the Upper Parramatta River Catchment, Sydney to identify the sources of copper associated with runoff, effect of using waste material such as compost in urban stormwater treatment and the copper load in urban stormwater runoff. This case study shows the relationship between copper input, copper stock, sorbent type and urban stormwater quality control in the system boundary of the catchment. Different scenarios of source control are evaluated to control copper load from the different sources. Source control focusing on roads and vehicles is the most effective copper control strategy. The combination of source control and stormwater treatment reduces copper in stormwater and receiving water. The thesis applies the analysis from SFA and experimental results to derive both a regional system-wide solution with source control, and an improved design of stormwater treatment for heavy metal removal using recycled organics.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 278-291).

Zugl.: Hannover, Universiẗat, Diss., 2005. / Zugl.: Hannover, Univ., Diss., 2005. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache.

Thesis--Uppsala. / In Periodical Room.

Thesis (M.S. in civil engineering)--Washington State University. / Includes bibliographical references.