There are indications of concern by governments for public opinion even centuries ago. The use of scientific research though, was only introduced by governments to enhance the effectiveness of government communication and the dissemination of government information during the last few decades of the twentieth century. The main aim with this research is to contribute towards improving the research used in South Africa by the Government Communication and Information System (GCIS) in order to enhance the effectiveness of government communication and the dissemination of government information. As research can contribute towards enhancing the effectiveness of government communication and the dissemination of government information, it is considered as being of critical importance to contribute towards improving the quality of relevant research in South Africa. No research has been conducted before in South Africa regarding the use of research to enhance the effectiveness of government communication and the dissemination of government information. The methodology used to address the aim and objectives of this research was that of a qualitative, non-empirical study conducted by means of a literature review. The research provides a brief theoretic overview of research in communication. It records the use of communication research by government in South Africa since 1936 as well as the process of transforming government communication after 1994. Furthermore, it records government communication and information dissemination in other countries, with specific reference to the use of research. Various conclusions derive from this research. Among these is a clear indication of the necessity of conducting communication research in a scientific way, by applying sound theoretical principles. It also indicates that there is a good platform and strategic framework from which government communication research in South Africa can be improved further, and that South Africa can learn from relevant research conducted by governments in other countries. The researcher presents a wide range of recommendations for consideration, as well as potential areas for further research regarding this broader theme. / Thesis (MA (Information Science))--University of Pretoria, 2001. / Information Science / unrestricted

Information is a powerful tool for enabling physicians to provide quality healthcare for their patients. Information use in the clinic is a skill that must be learned. If medical residency programs fail to impart this skill, then patients will suffer. The residents of the ETSU Quillen College of Medicine were surveyed as to their use of clinical information. Of the 217 residents of the 2005-2006 class who were surveyed, 105 returned the survey for a return rate of 48%. The clinical faculty was also surveyed in order to measure the responses of the residents against that of their instructors. ETSU residents frequently had a new information need in the clinic. The majority of the time they did not seek an answer, but when they did they were often successful in finding an answer. Therapy information was the most frequently sought after type of information. Most residents used the Quillen College of Medicine Library, but not at a desirable rate. Residents stated that information obtained from the library was helpful in caring for their patients. The most frequent source of information used by residents was electronic resources and the greatest barrier to the use of information was time. The majority of residents were PDA users, with Palm devices being the primary platform. The residents rated their PDA skills and evidence-based medicine skills as above average. Few were LoansomeDoc users. The majority of residents received information training from clinical faculty and from librarians and rated it highly. Residents indicated a desire for more training and the majority indicated that they would like a clinical medical librarian for their program. They rated the library service of the Quillen College of Medicine and the area teaching hospitals highly. Residents used Google and the Web frequently. PubMed was rated as a valuable resource. Online journals and the UpToDate database were important electronic resources for the residents. ETSU residents have many excellent resources and training opportunities in place. However, for ETSU residents to go out into community practice as true "Infomasters" an upgrading of their information training should be undertaken.

A comunicação de riscos vem se tornando uma atividade indispensável à formação de uma opinião pública que avalie de uma forma racional e equilibrada a construção de novas centrais nucleares em países que utilizam ou pretendam utilizar esta tecnologia. Favorecidos pela tradição de considerar que a ciência é suficiente para convencer qualquer cidadão ao provar o domínio sobre o processo, as organizações nucleares organizam-se para tal empreendimento dando preferência às explicações técnicas, às minuciosidades relacionadas ao risco destas instalações. Entre os cidadãos comuns, no entanto, a percepção do risco é subjetiva e, portanto não é nivelada com a percepção que tais esforços de comunicação de risco tentam propor. Algumas vezes tal percepção é subestimada e, mais frequentemente, exagerada. A maximização ou até a extrapolação desta da percepção de risco é incentivada pela mídia sensacionalista e movimentos de defesa do meio ambiente. Este trabalho estuda a percepção e a considera como relevante neste esforço de promover a aceitação das usinas termonucleares propondo abandonar o discurso tradicional de riscos e aumentar os esforços em comunicar benefícios, de forma similar à propostas de marketing para produtos, serviços ou, como neste caso, a venda de uma idéia. Há uma revisão bibliográfica de conceitos de risco, de comunicação de riscos e de marketing. Em seguida, um estudo prático com base em centenas de entrevistas com estudantes de diversos níveis da região metropolitana da grande São Paulo. O estudo traz importantes informações sobre a forma como tais pessoas percebem as usinas termonucleares, seus benefícios e quais os atores que as influenciam positiva ou negativamente neste processo. / Public acceptance of the nuclear based electricity generation depends on many variables that can be affected by circumstances and interests, which although seemingly not close to the issue, can strongly influence the final outcome. Explicit or consented positions assumed by opinion makers and some segments of society are subject to episodic waves of interaction through the media and they permeate to the public in a process that is very complex to be fully understood. The modeling of such process is a very complicated undertaking, and gives no assurance of practical results concerning to what, how and who, should be given prominence in the interactions with the media and the general public. In this context, the risk communication has assumed a leading role and, as a consequence, most of the interaction with the public has been done with both defensive language and content. This study has tried a simple and practical approach to the problem, in such a way as to gather some interesting subsidies to treat this issue in a different way. The basic assumption is that in a similar way as individuals base their decision to acquire a new good or service on a \"intuitive\" cost-benefit judgment, society (as a collection of individuals) also manifest their acceptance (or not) with respect to industrial installations and undertakings by comparing risks and benefits according to their perception. An exploratory survey was carried out in a few high schools, colleges and MBA courses in the state of Sâo Paulo, Brazil. A first part was aimed to catch and understand the public perception of. (a) the Intrinsic value of the electric energy, (b) the need to universalize the access to electricity, (c) nuclear plants, (d) the acceptance deficit of nuclear power as compared to other sources of energy, (e) the benefits a nuclear plant can bring, (f) who does and who does not deserves credibility to speak about nuclear plants. The second part was addressed to grasp a picture of more relevant distortions concerned to the public perception of a nuclear power plant risks. The analysis of the survey results and the utilization of a model inspired by the marketing way of value communication suggest a different approach to the communication with the public concerning to nuclear power plants. In this proposal, named Value Strategy, a matrix of risks vs. benefits is segmented in nine regions, where the central region corresponds to the current situation and the others show the possible (hypothetical) future situations after the installation of a nuclear power plant. There are three favorable regions, inductives of acceptance and three unfavorable ones, or routed to rejection. Based on the understanding of the targeted public, as partially revealed by the survey, different nuances can be emphasized in the communication to maximize its effect, without any detour to ethical behavior. Results also disclose various complementary subsidies to help the communication strategy, mainly regarded to the communication agents and to the more effective argument areas according to factors such as: sex, age ranges and educational level.

Verifica como as Instituições oficiais de informação estatística lidam com a disseminação numa nova mídia, observando de que maneira disponibilizam suas informações na Web, investigando o tratamento, a disponibilização e o acesso dado às informações nos sites estatísticos, estabelecendo relações entre a forma de estruturação dessas informações, a navegação dos sites e o uso das ferramentas da linguagem da Web para criar os contextos de entendimento da informação estatística. Observa em que medida as interfaces criadas nos sites estatísticos garantem a circulação da informação pelos diversos segmentos do público usuário, a partir do conceito de Espiral da Cultura Científica proposto por Vogt (2003) e tem como objetivo verificar, supondo a cultura para a ciência, como as informações veiculadas alcançam os atores envolvidos no processo de circulação da informação. Foram considerados os sites de instituições oficiais governamentais, nacionais e internacionais, responsáveis ou participantes de sistemas nacionais de estatísticas demográficas e socioeconômicas, dentre os quais, três foram selecionados: IBGE Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (Brasil), INE Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Portugal) e INEGI Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografia e Informática (México). Pela observação, pudemos perceber que a Web dispõe de recursos únicos para a difusão e divulgação do conhecimento científico, sendo instrumento de grande valia na sua disseminação. Exemplos interessantes foram encontrados nos sites observados, destancando-se os recursos de contextualização dos dados, o uso da linguagem e de ícones significativos e a associação das informações por meio de links. / It verifies how the official Institutions of statistics information deal with the dissemination in a new media, observing how they show the information on the WEB. The treatment, the dissemination form / way and the access to the information to statistical sites are analyzed to establish relations between the information structures form, the language form, the site navigation and the use of Web tools to create the contexts of agreement of the information. Remark how the new interfaces created on the statistical sites guarantee the information dissemination for the diverse segments of the public use, from the Vogts concept (2003) in Spiral of the Scientific Culture, and has as objective to verify, assuming the culture for science, how the propagated information reach the involved actors on the statistical information dissemination process The governmental official institutions Web sites, nationals or internationals, responsible or participant of national systems of demographic and social-economics statisticians had been considered which we select: the (IBGE) Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics site ( Brazil), the (INE) National Statistics Institute site (Portugal) and the (INEGI) National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Computer Science (Mexico). For the comment, we even could notice that Web makes use of only resources for the diffusion and spreading of the scientific knowledge, however much of the diffusion and the spreading mainly demands the comment of the language questions. Interesting examples had been found in the observed sites, detaching the resources of the data context, the use of the language and significant icons and the association of the information by links.

<div>This dissertation focuses on developing a series of mathematical models to understand the role of urban transportation system, urban mobility and information dissemination in the spreading process of infectious diseases within metropolitan areas. Urban transportation system serves as the catalyst of disease contagion since it provides the mobility for bringing people to participate in intensive urban activities and has high passenger volume and long commuting time which facilitates the spread of contagious diseases. In light of significant needs in understanding the connection between disease contagion and the urban transportation systems, both macroscopic and microscopic models are developed and the dissertation consists of three main parts. </div><div></div><div>The first part of the dissertation aims to model the macroscopic level of disease spreading within urban transportation system based on compartment models. Nonlinear dynamic systems are developed to model the spread of infectious disease with various travel modes, compare models with and without contagion during travel, understand how urban transportation system may facilitate or impede epidemics, and devise control strategies for mitigating epidemics at the network level. The hybrid automata is also introduced to account for systems with different levels of control and with uncertain initial epidemic size, and reachability analysis is used to over-approximate the disease trajectories of the nonlinear systems. The 2003 Beijing SARS data are used to validate the effectiveness of the model. In addition, comprehensive numerical experiments are conducted to understand the importance of modeling travel contagion during urban disease outbreaks and develop control strategies for regulating the entry of urban transportation system to reduce the epidemic size. </div><div></div><div>The second part of the dissertation develops a data-driven framework to investigate the disease spreading dynamics at individual level. In particular, the contact network generation algorithm is developed to reproduce individuals' contact pattern based on smart card transaction data of metro systems from three major cities in China. Disease dynamics are connected with contact network structures based on individual based mean field and origin-destination pair based mean field approaches. The results suggest that the vulnerability of contact networks solely depends on the risk exposure of the most dangerous individual, however, the overall degree distribution of the contact network determines the difficulties in controlling the disease from spreading. Moreover, the generation model is proposed to depict how individuals get into contact and their contact duration, based on their travel characteristics. The metro data are used to validate the correctness of the generation model, provide insights on monitoring the risk level of transportation systems, and evaluate possible control strategies to mitigate the impacts due to infectious diseases. </div><div></div><div>Finally, the third part of the dissertation focuses on the role played by information in urban travel, and develops a multiplex network model to investigate the co-evolution of disease dynamics and information dissemination. The model considers that individuals may obtain information on the state of diseases by observing the disease symptoms from the people they met during travel and from centralized information sources such as news agencies and social medias. As a consequence, the multiplex networks model is developed with one layer capturing information percolation and the other layer modeling the disease dynamics, and the dynamics on one layer depends on the dynamics of the other layer. The multiplex network model is found to have three stable states and their corresponding threshold values are analytically derived. In the end, numerical experiments are conducted to investigate the effectiveness of local and global information in reducing the size of disease outbreaks and the synchronization between disease and information dynamics is discussed. </div><div></div>

A comunicação de riscos vem se tornando uma atividade indispensável à formação de uma opinião pública que avalie de uma forma racional e equilibrada a construção de novas centrais nucleares em países que utilizam ou pretendam utilizar esta tecnologia. Favorecidos pela tradição de considerar que a ciência é suficiente para convencer qualquer cidadão ao provar o domínio sobre o processo, as organizações nucleares organizam-se para tal empreendimento dando preferência às explicações técnicas, às minuciosidades relacionadas ao risco destas instalações. Entre os cidadãos comuns, no entanto, a percepção do risco é subjetiva e, portanto não é nivelada com a percepção que tais esforços de comunicação de risco tentam propor. Algumas vezes tal percepção é subestimada e, mais frequentemente, exagerada. A maximização ou até a extrapolação desta da percepção de risco é incentivada pela mídia sensacionalista e movimentos de defesa do meio ambiente. Este trabalho estuda a percepção e a considera como relevante neste esforço de promover a aceitação das usinas termonucleares propondo abandonar o discurso tradicional de riscos e aumentar os esforços em comunicar benefícios, de forma similar à propostas de marketing para produtos, serviços ou, como neste caso, a venda de uma idéia. Há uma revisão bibliográfica de conceitos de risco, de comunicação de riscos e de marketing. Em seguida, um estudo prático com base em centenas de entrevistas com estudantes de diversos níveis da região metropolitana da grande São Paulo. O estudo traz importantes informações sobre a forma como tais pessoas percebem as usinas termonucleares, seus benefícios e quais os atores que as influenciam positiva ou negativamente neste processo. / Public acceptance of the nuclear based electricity generation depends on many variables that can be affected by circumstances and interests, which although seemingly not close to the issue, can strongly influence the final outcome. Explicit or consented positions assumed by opinion makers and some segments of society are subject to episodic waves of interaction through the media and they permeate to the public in a process that is very complex to be fully understood. The modeling of such process is a very complicated undertaking, and gives no assurance of practical results concerning to what, how and who, should be given prominence in the interactions with the media and the general public. In this context, the risk communication has assumed a leading role and, as a consequence, most of the interaction with the public has been done with both defensive language and content. This study has tried a simple and practical approach to the problem, in such a way as to gather some interesting subsidies to treat this issue in a different way. The basic assumption is that in a similar way as individuals base their decision to acquire a new good or service on a \"intuitive\" cost-benefit judgment, society (as a collection of individuals) also manifest their acceptance (or not) with respect to industrial installations and undertakings by comparing risks and benefits according to their perception. An exploratory survey was carried out in a few high schools, colleges and MBA courses in the state of Sâo Paulo, Brazil. A first part was aimed to catch and understand the public perception of. (a) the Intrinsic value of the electric energy, (b) the need to universalize the access to electricity, (c) nuclear plants, (d) the acceptance deficit of nuclear power as compared to other sources of energy, (e) the benefits a nuclear plant can bring, (f) who does and who does not deserves credibility to speak about nuclear plants. The second part was addressed to grasp a picture of more relevant distortions concerned to the public perception of a nuclear power plant risks. The analysis of the survey results and the utilization of a model inspired by the marketing way of value communication suggest a different approach to the communication with the public concerning to nuclear power plants. In this proposal, named Value Strategy, a matrix of risks vs. benefits is segmented in nine regions, where the central region corresponds to the current situation and the others show the possible (hypothetical) future situations after the installation of a nuclear power plant. There are three favorable regions, inductives of acceptance and three unfavorable ones, or routed to rejection. Based on the understanding of the targeted public, as partially revealed by the survey, different nuances can be emphasized in the communication to maximize its effect, without any detour to ethical behavior. Results also disclose various complementary subsidies to help the communication strategy, mainly regarded to the communication agents and to the more effective argument areas according to factors such as: sex, age ranges and educational level.

In this dissertation research we study and address the unique challenges involved in information sharing and dissemination of large-scale group communication applications. We focus on system architectures and various techniques for efficient and scalable information dissemination in distributed P2P environments. Our solutions are developed by targeting at utilizing three representative P2P overlay networks: structured P2P network based on consistent hashing techniques, unstructured Gnutella-like P2P network, and P2P GeoGrid based on geographical location and proximity of end nodes. We have made three unique contributions to the general field of large-scale information sharing and dissemination. First, we propose a landmark-based peer clustering techniques to grouping end-system nodes by their network proximity, and a communication management technique addresses load balancing and reliability of group communication applications in structured P2P network. Second, we develop a utility-based P2P group communication service middleware, consisting of a utility-based topology management and a utility-aware P2P routing, for providing scalable and efficient group communication services in an unstructured P2P overlay network of heterogeneous peers. Third, we propose an overlay network management protocol that is aware of the geographical location of end-system nodes and a set of routing and adaptation techniques, aiming at building decentralized information dissemination service networks to support location-based applications and services. Although different overlay networks require different system designs for building scalable and efficient information dissemination services, we have employed two common design philosophies: (1) exploiting end-system heterogeneity and (2) utilizing proximity information of end-system nodes to localize most of the communication traffic, and (3) using randomized shortcuts to accelerate long-distant communications. We have demonstrated our design philosophies and the performance improvements in the above three types of P2P overlay networks. Concretely, by assigning more workloads to more powerful peers, we can greatly increase the system scalability and reduce the variation of workload distribution. By clustering end-system nodes based on their IP-network proximity or their geographical proximity, and utilizing randomized shortcuts, we can reduce the end-to-end communication latency, balance peer workloads against service request hotspots across the overlay network, and significantly enhance the scalability and efficiency of large-scale decentralized information dissemination and group communication.

[pt] Aplicações para o monitoramento de frotas de veículos e sistemas de logística, coordenação em situações de emergência, monitoramento ambiental ou de gestão de força de trabalho móvel podem usar redes móveis como meio de comunicação, troca de informações e de coordenação entre um número possivelmente grande de nós móveis interligados por uma rede WAN. A maioria desses sistemas requer o monitoramento em tempo real das informações de contexto dos nós móveis, interação com todos os nós participantes, bem como meios de adaptação num cenário muito dinâmico, onde não é possível prever quando, onde e por quanto tempo os nós permanecerão conectados. As soluções atuais ainda não têm recursos essenciais necessários para a comunicação com os nós móveis, tais como a entrega confiável de mensagens, suporte a handover, resistência a conectividade intermitente, mudanças de endereço IP e firewall transversal. Esta tese propõe um modelo de gestão de dados que permite a implantação de uma rede de componentes de provedores de dados com disseminação e transformação rápida e confiável de informações entre milhares de nós móveis interligados através de internet sem fio. Os testes de desempenho indicam que o nosso modelo consegue escalar para milhares de nós móveis e suporta disseminação confiável, rápida e com alta taxa de transferência da informação entre milhares de provedores de contexto e consumidores de contexto móveis. / [en] Applications such as vehicle fleet monitoring and logistic systems, emergency response coordination, environmental monitoring or mobile workforce management, employ mobile networks as means of communication, information sharing and coordination among a possibly very large set of mobile nodes interconnected by a Wide Area Network (WAN). The majority of those systems thus requires real-time tracking of the mobile nodes context information, interaction with all participant nodes, as well as means of adaptability in a very dynamic scenario, where it is not possible to predict when, where and for how long the nodes will remain connected. Despite being a subject of much research, current solutions still lack essential features required for communication with mobile nodes, such as reliable message delivery, handover support, resilience to intermittent connectivity, IP address changes and firewall transversal. This thesis proposes a data management model that enables deployment of a network of Data Provider components with reliable and on-time dissemination and transformation of information among thousands of mobile nodes interconnected through wireless internet. Performance tests indicate that our model scales to thousands of mobile nodes and supports reliable, high throughput and on-time data dissemination between several thousands of mobile Data Providers and Data Consumers.

Submitted by Frederico Azevedo (fazevedo@cdts.fiocruz.br) on 2010-11-10T16:35:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 machado_rejane.pdf: 594330 bytes, checksum: ab847ef9c798dbbce4f7dfc6f8ecbc55 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-11-10T16:35:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 machado_rejane.pdf: 594330 bytes, checksum: ab847ef9c798dbbce4f7dfc6f8ecbc55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Este trabalho tem como objetivo fornecer orientações metodológicas que possibilitem a ampliação do acesso aos relatórios de pesquisas gerados na Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), tomando a Unidade CICT como modelo. Para conhecer que valor o relatório de pesquisa tem para o pesquisador foram realizadas entrevistas abordando as questões de produção, representação e acesso a esses documentos. O panorama que se obteve a partir das opiniões apresentadas pelos entrevistados permitiu entender melhor o valor que esse documento produzido tem para a comunicação científica. A partir da análise documentária feita nos relatórios produzidos na Unidade foi possível identificar como esses documentos estão sendo elaborados, e a partir daí propor critérios para a padronização e inclusão de elementos em sua estrutura. Além disso, constatou-se que a dificuldade de acesso a documentos desta natureza é perene. A expectativa dos pesquisadores com respeito à gestão dos relatórios de pesquisa na Unidade reforça a necessidade de orientações metodológicas para a produção desses documentos. O relatório produzido a partir de critérios estabelecidos facilitará a sua representação e registro. Os relatórios ─ por conterem informações referentes aos métodos e resultados de pesquisas de forma detalhada ─ oferecem condições de informar de forma mais ágil uma comunidade científica, ainda que não formalmente publicados. / This work discusses methodological parameters aiming to improve the access to reports from studies carried out at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), taking the output of one of its units (CICT) Unit as a model and source of information. To assess research reports’s relevance for researchers working at CICT, in-depth interviews were carried out, addressing issues related to scientific reports production, representation and retrieval. The picture emerging from the interviewees’ opinions and concepts fostered a better understanding of the value ascribed to the scientific reports and their meanings for scientific communication. The comprehensive analysis of the documents produced in the Unit permitted to disclose how scientific reports have been elaborated, and then to establish criteria for the standardization of such documents, with the inclusion of key elements in their structure. The study conclusions realized access to such documents constitutes a permanent challenge. The researchers' expectation with regard to the management of the Unit’s reports reinforces the need of clear and well-defined methodological parameters to be used in the elaboration of such documents. Standard reports, with sound criteria, will be easily represented and registered. Most reports contain detailed information on results and methodological approaches and procedures and as such constitute an invaluable source of information for the scientific community, even if not formally

Verifica como as Instituições oficiais de informação estatística lidam com a disseminação numa nova mídia, observando de que maneira disponibilizam suas informações na Web, investigando o tratamento, a disponibilização e o acesso dado às informações nos sites estatísticos, estabelecendo relações entre a forma de estruturação dessas informações, a navegação dos sites e o uso das ferramentas da linguagem da Web para criar os contextos de entendimento da informação estatística. Observa em que medida as interfaces criadas nos sites estatísticos garantem a circulação da informação pelos diversos segmentos do público usuário, a partir do conceito de Espiral da Cultura Científica proposto por Vogt (2003) e tem como objetivo verificar, supondo a cultura para a ciência, como as informações veiculadas alcançam os atores envolvidos no processo de circulação da informação. Foram considerados os sites de instituições oficiais governamentais, nacionais e internacionais, responsáveis ou participantes de sistemas nacionais de estatísticas demográficas e socioeconômicas, dentre os quais, três foram selecionados: IBGE Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (Brasil), INE Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Portugal) e INEGI Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografia e Informática (México). Pela observação, pudemos perceber que a Web dispõe de recursos únicos para a difusão e divulgação do conhecimento científico, sendo instrumento de grande valia na sua disseminação. Exemplos interessantes foram encontrados nos sites observados, destancando-se os recursos de contextualização dos dados, o uso da linguagem e de ícones significativos e a associação das informações por meio de links. / It verifies how the official Institutions of statistics information deal with the dissemination in a new media, observing how they show the information on the WEB. The treatment, the dissemination form / way and the access to the information to statistical sites are analyzed to establish relations between the information structures form, the language form, the site navigation and the use of Web tools to create the contexts of agreement of the information. Remark how the new interfaces created on the statistical sites guarantee the information dissemination for the diverse segments of the public use, from the Vogts concept (2003) in Spiral of the Scientific Culture, and has as objective to verify, assuming the culture for science, how the propagated information reach the involved actors on the statistical information dissemination process The governmental official institutions Web sites, nationals or internationals, responsible or participant of national systems of demographic and social-economics statisticians had been considered which we select: the (IBGE) Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics site ( Brazil), the (INE) National Statistics Institute site (Portugal) and the (INEGI) National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Computer Science (Mexico). For the comment, we even could notice that Web makes use of only resources for the diffusion and spreading of the scientific knowledge, however much of the diffusion and the spreading mainly demands the comment of the language questions. Interesting examples had been found in the observed sites, detaching the resources of the data context, the use of the language and significant icons and the association of the information by links.