This thesis is based on a life history study of two women involved in activism for social change. Broadly guided by life history methodology and feminist and constructivist postmodern theories and approaches, this inter-disciplinary research explores experiences and stories in the lives of these women that evoke the transformative journeys of womens long-term commitments to social change activism, and that portray ways in which personal and social transformation interweave. The stories illuminate how individual courses of action both resonate with and diverge from meta-narratives of social movements, and how they reflect and resist the contexts in which those courses evolve. Reflection on the process of constructing the stories reveals the effects on the participants and the researcher of the inter-subjective realm from which life history arises. The studys practical purpose relating activism, transformative education and postmodernism also leads to experimentation with creative texts that at once provide educational tools and invite participation in the interpretive process. Overall the thesis melds more traditional approaches with more unconventional ones. The study is both provocative and supportive of those working for social change through transformative education and activism.

Abstract The act of knowing is a critical determinant of what is known, yet there are limits and potential violence inherent in all ways of knowing. Social workers have an ethical responsibility to understand our means of knowing and our knowledge claims – both shape the work we do. Conspicuously under-represented as creators of/commentators on how they are represented, people with intellectual disabilities have had little/no control over what or how they are known. These ethical and epistemological concerns were the focus of this arts-informed qualitative study. The purpose was an interrogative encounter with one way of knowing – how public photographic imagery of people with intellectual disabilities influences knowledge about them. It was concerned, however, to come to this knowledge through an inquiry into how labelled people would, themselves, interpret and respond to these representations, and how they might use photography to trouble disabling images and non-disabled (social work) knowing. Theoretically framed by a critical disability lens, the work was influenced, too, by Derrida’s essay on photography, “The Right of Inspection”. The other regarding aspect of the philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas, his concern with our ethical responsibility to the alterity of the Other, most powerfully informs the work. Four adults with intellectual disabilities accepted the invitation to participate in this project. First, they critically engaged with a selection of public photographic images. In a unique methodological turn, they then transformed the images to reflect their critique. Interpretive analysis of the critiques and transformations identified four thematic ideas. Participants’ critiques were insightful and profound; transformations provocative and disruptive. Challenging dominant assumptions – and demanding non-disabled others re-think intellectual disability and people so labeled – the critiques and transformations also respond to the social/political/ideological/psychological ramifications of photographic imagery on the lived experience of intellectual disability. Through the work, participants confront non-disabled responses to public photographs and to labeled people, challenging non-disabled others to question their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours. The work also raises questions about research and people with intellectual disabilities: the possibilities for voice and empowerment through inclusive research strategies and visual methodologies, and the transformative potential of dialogic encounters between people with and without intellectual disabilities.

Policy-makers, research funders, and practitioners acknowledge the need for theories about the uptake of scientific evidence into policy and programs to reduce population-wide risk factors for the major avoidable chronic non-communicable diseases. Models of evidence-informed practice in public health settings have not been developed through systematic scientific inquiry. This study explores and develops a realistic account of evidence-informed tobacco control practice in Ontario public health agencies. In-depth, intensive, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with twelve local public health agency senior executives and other key tobacco control staff in three diverse public health agencies in Ontario, Canada. Interviews explored aspects of tobacco control related decision-making and practice, as well as supports from regional, provincial, and national levels that might enhance tobacco control practice. Interview data were supplemented by field notes and other documentation provided by interviewees, as well as unobtrusive sources. A grounded theory approach to the analysis of textual data identified six major and many subcategories and dimensions implicated in evidence-informed tobacco control practice in local public health agencies. The major category structure includes: information and evidence, interpretation and decision-making, organizational aspects, organizational environment, practice integration, and time. An overall model and five sub-models were developed describing the relations among core category and sub-category factors. Propositions were developed a priori based on an extensive review of the literature. Potentially relevant social theories and concepts were also identified based on a selective review of the literature, including critical realist and other perspectives pertaining to agency-structure issues. Theories and propositions were reviewed, which resulted in a minor modification to the subcategory structure of one branch. Public health agency tobacco control case descriptions were developed based on a final category structure, including six branches, 27 sub-branches, and 98 twigs, and verified (subject to some adjustments) through a member check. Working knowledge is seen to be complex and socially constructed, incorporating aspects of social cognitive and planned behavior theories and Aristotelian intellectual virtues. Realist social theory offers insights into potential change processes. Contributions of the study of theory, practice and methods are discussed, as are strengths and limitations, and areas of needed future research.

Policy-makers, research funders, and practitioners acknowledge the need for theories about the uptake of scientific evidence into policy and programs to reduce population-wide risk factors for the major avoidable chronic non-communicable diseases. Models of evidence-informed practice in public health settings have not been developed through systematic scientific inquiry. This study explores and develops a realistic account of evidence-informed tobacco control practice in Ontario public health agencies. In-depth, intensive, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with twelve local public health agency senior executives and other key tobacco control staff in three diverse public health agencies in Ontario, Canada. Interviews explored aspects of tobacco control related decision-making and practice, as well as supports from regional, provincial, and national levels that might enhance tobacco control practice. Interview data were supplemented by field notes and other documentation provided by interviewees, as well as unobtrusive sources. A grounded theory approach to the analysis of textual data identified six major and many subcategories and dimensions implicated in evidence-informed tobacco control practice in local public health agencies. The major category structure includes: information and evidence, interpretation and decision-making, organizational aspects, organizational environment, practice integration, and time. An overall model and five sub-models were developed describing the relations among core category and sub-category factors. Propositions were developed a priori based on an extensive review of the literature. Potentially relevant social theories and concepts were also identified based on a selective review of the literature, including critical realist and other perspectives pertaining to agency-structure issues. Theories and propositions were reviewed, which resulted in a minor modification to the subcategory structure of one branch. Public health agency tobacco control case descriptions were developed based on a final category structure, including six branches, 27 sub-branches, and 98 twigs, and verified (subject to some adjustments) through a member check. Working knowledge is seen to be complex and socially constructed, incorporating aspects of social cognitive and planned behavior theories and Aristotelian intellectual virtues. Realist social theory offers insights into potential change processes. Contributions of the study of theory, practice and methods are discussed, as are strengths and limitations, and areas of needed future research.

This thesis is based on a life history study of two women involved in activism for social change. Broadly guided by life history methodology and feminist and constructivist postmodern theories and approaches, this inter-disciplinary research explores experiences and stories in the lives of these women that evoke the transformative journeys of womens long-term commitments to social change activism, and that portray ways in which personal and social transformation interweave. The stories illuminate how individual courses of action both resonate with and diverge from meta-narratives of social movements, and how they reflect and resist the contexts in which those courses evolve. Reflection on the process of constructing the stories reveals the effects on the participants and the researcher of the inter-subjective realm from which life history arises. The studys practical purpose relating activism, transformative education and postmodernism also leads to experimentation with creative texts that at once provide educational tools and invite participation in the interpretive process. Overall the thesis melds more traditional approaches with more unconventional ones. The study is both provocative and supportive of those working for social change through transformative education and activism.

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This thesis analyzes the timing issue related to informed trades under two different market frameworks. Firstly, the issue under the competitive market framework is analyzed. In financial market, a widely accepted assumption that competitive informed traders elect to trade immediately upon receiving their private information is now questioned. We propose a competitive rational expectations model to demonstrate that under some situations informed traders tend to trade late on their information because of the fear of adverse effect on prices from their informed trades. This phenomenon from delayed informed trades leads to the following: Price volatility will increase and adjacent price changes may exhibit positive serial correlation. Secondly, we turn to the alternative framework, i.e., a market microstructure framework. A large number of market microstructure models had already investigated the timing issue of informed trades. Most of them found that the competition among informed traders will make the informed traders incline to trade early than late on their information and the market therefore becomes more efficient. We develop a market microstructure model with competitive, risk averse informed traders and uninformed market makers. It is found that when the mass of informed traders is larger or the precision of private information is higher, the market becomes less efficient, that is, prices will delay revealing the private information and the market will postpone becoming liquid. Our results stand in contrast to those of other market microstructure models simply because informed traders in our model choose to trade late on their information. In conclusion, the thesis has proved that the timing to trade on their information is an important consideration for informed traders to determine their trading strategy maximizing their expected utility. Since this issue is seldom discussed in the previous literature, I deeply believe that there are many works to be done followed this work.

In standard models of informed trading, they implicitly assume that all informed traders receive their information at the same time and then trade on their private information immediately, whether competitive or imperfect competitive¡]strategic¡^rational expectations model, differing on the speed of information revelation. In reality, the informed traders may quietly and skillfully perform noninformational trading to accumulate their ¡§line¡¨ cheaply. In this paper, we develop the multiperiod competitive rational expectations model with asymmetric information to show, under some conditions, delaying their informed trades is in the interests of informed traders; then we explore the implications of our model for the behavior of stock price, especially we find that, delaying the informed trades may increase price volatility and display the momentum effect, consistent with the empirical results.

Title from PDF of title page. / Document formatted into pages; contains 165 pages. / Thesis (M.A.)--University of South Florida, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references. / Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format. / ABSTRACT: The doctrine of informed consent, defined as respect for autonomy, is the tool used to govern the relationship between physicians and patients. Its framework relies on rights and duties that mark these relationships. The main purpose of informed consent is to promote human rights and dignity. Some researchers claim that informed consent has successfully replaced patients&softsign; historical predispositions to accept physicians' advice without much explicit resistance. / Although the doctrine of informed consent promotes ideals worth pursuing, a successful implementation of these ideals in practice has yet to occur. What has happened in practice is that attorneys, physicians, and hospital administrators often use consent forms mainly to protect physicians and medical facilities from liability. Consequently, ethicists, legal theorists, and physicians need to do much more to explain how human rights and human dignity relate to the practice of medicine and how the professionals can promote them in practice. / This is especially important because patients' vulnerability has increased just as the complexity and power of medical science and technology have increased. Certain health care practices can shed light on the difficulties of implementing the doctrine of informed consent and explain why it is insufficient to protect patients' rights and dignity. Defining a normal biological event as a disease, and routinely prescribing hormone drug therapy to menopausal women for all health conditions related to menopause, does not meet the standards of free informed consent. / Clinicians provide insufficient disclosure about risks related to long-term use of hormone therapies and about the absence of solid evidence to support their bias toward hormone therapies as a treatment of choice for menopause related health conditions. The contributing problem is women's failure to act as autonomous agents because they either choose not to take an active part in their own therapy or because they fear to question physicians' medical authority. To insure that patients' autonomy and free choice are a part of every physician-patient interaction, physicians and patients need actively to promote them as values that are absolutely indispensable in physicians' offices, clinics, and hospitals. / System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Thesis (L.L.M.)--York University, 2000. / "Graduate Programme in Law, Osgoode Hall Law School, York University." Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ59546.