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Ekerö kommun är en kommun i Stockholms län. kommunen utarbetar bindande detaljplaneroch besluter hur vägarna får bebyggas. När ett vägprojekt väl ska utföras ochöverensstämma med planen uppstår ofta avvikelser.Syftet med detta arbete är att ta reda på varför dessa avvikelser i stor utsträckning uppstårav Ekerö kommuns vägprojekt och vad som kan göras för att mildra eller undvika dessaproblem. För att kunna svara på de framtagna frågeställningarna har arbetet baserats påstudier av facklitteratur. Därefter har det genomförts intervjuer med några personer inomoch utanför Ekerö kommun. Under intervjuerna diskuterades problematiken samt hur kanden lösas på bästa möjliga sätt.Examensarbetet behandlar en väg byggt i Ekerö kommun, Fredriksstrandsvägen som harundersökts genom arbetet för att upplysa problemet.Främsta anledningen bakom avvikelser är att vägen inte byggs upp med standarder ochriktlinjer som fastställts i publicerade föreskrifter från Trafikverket. Det har konstrueratsäven att bakomliggande orsaker till dessa avvikelser kan vara bristande planering,otillräckliga arbetsberedningar, mänskliga orsaker, kunskaps- och kommunikationsbrister.För en effektiv avvikelsehantering bör kommunen utföra vissa metoder, såsom detaljrikplanering, bygg med kvalité, samarbetsrutiner och viktigast att tillämpa vägstandarder vidprojektering. / Ekerö Municipality is a municipality in Stockholm County. the municipality prepares bindingdetailed plans and decides how the roads may be built. When a road project is to be carriedout and in accordance with the plan, deviations often occur.The purpose of this work is to find out why these deviations are to a large extent arisingfrom the Ekerö municipality's road project and what can be done to mitigate or avoid theseproblems. To answer the questions developed, the work has been based on studies ofprofessional literature. Subsequently, interviews were conducted with some people insideand outside Ekerö municipality. During the interviews, the problem was discussed and how itcan be solved in the best possible way.The thesis deals with a road built in Ekerö municipality, Fredriksstrandsvägen, which hasbeen investigated through the work to inform the problem.The main reason for deviations is that the road is not built up with standards and guidelineslaid down in published regulations from the Swedish Transport Administration. It has alsobeen constructed that the underlying causes of these deviations may be lack of planning,inadequate work preparations, human causes, knowledge, and communication deficiencies.For efficient deviation management, the municipality should carry out certain methods, suchas detailed planning, building with quality, collaboration routines and most importantlyapplying road standards when planning.

The transport industry is a key contributor to carbon dioxide emissions and climate change and heavy-duty vehicles are responsible for a quarter of the emissions from road transport in the EU. One way of reducing the energy consumption of a truck is improving driving skills by minimizing breaking for example. When cities become smarter using information and communication technologies more data is available regarding the traffic situation which can be used to give the driver more information to make better driving decisions. The aim of the study is to identify and formulate how a Scania truck will guide a driver in a smart city with the goal to reduce the environmental impact.  The method used was the double diamond design process model with the four phases discover, define, develop and deliver. Discovering was done through interviewing personnel from the Swedish Transport Administration and Stockholm municipality which set the technological possibilities for the smart city Stockholm in 2030. In the define phase drivers were interviewed and three functions were chosen to proceed with further for a concept: traffic lights, intersections and bus lanes. Both drivers and experts were consulted in the develop phase before completing the final concept in the deliver phase.  The results show that the smart city Stockholm in 2030 will have a more dynamic traffic situation that the driver will have to adapt to. Experienced drivers will not be able to choose the best route and optimize speed without using the new information shared by the city. The result is a concept with the new information presented using a Head-Up Display (HUD) which puts the information in the drivers view range. Information shared in the HUD includes, time to green for traffic lights, warning for approaching vehicles from out of sight streets in intersections, access to bus lanes and recommended speed for intersections and traffic lights to avoid unnecessary stops.

In this thesis, the aim was to create an automation platform for bridge design using knowledge-based engineering (KBE) concepts. More specifically, the focus was put on the ultimate limit state design of reinforced concrete bridge columns. Compared to other engineering industries like manufacturing, the construction in- dustry only has a limited degree of automation, even though technically feasible automation already exist. This thesis proposes an automation framework, which has been developed using the object-oriented programming (OOP) paradigm in python. The platform employs a general piece of geometric logic on which a section analysis module is based that can analyse the normal force and two bending moments around mutually orthogonal axes in a reinforced concrete section of a column. The geometric logic is constructed out of six OOP classes, that are able to define a reinforced concrete section, and out of a set of three more OOP classes, that define the material parameters. The section analysis tool is based on the computation of limit surfaces for reinforced concrete sections. From these limit surfaces, interaction diagrams have been derived by taking plane sections of the limit surface. The verification of the automation application has been done by comparing in- teraction diagrams from the literature with interaction diagrams produced by the automation application. The comparison showed that both results coincided, taking into account some simplifications. Additionally, the automation framework is thought to be suitable for fulfilling a data management role in the design process, which is worthwhile to further investigate upon. The automation application can be further improved by augmenting the existing analysis modules with modules for other reinforced concrete elements or other construction materials.

Många av dagens konstruktioner som projekteras är välkända och beprövade standardkonstruktioner. Projekteringsmetodiken för dessa är tidskrävande och repetitivt då projekteringen alltid påbörjas från grunden.  Detta ineffektiva arbetssätt anses kunna ersättas med en effektivare metod och därmed möjliggöra ett bättre nyttjande av resurser. Denna skulle kunna ersätta de repetitiva delmoment i projekteringen så dessa utförs per automatik. Metoden kan även utnyttja effektiviteten som återfinns i parametriskt styrda modeller och de välutvecklade beräkningssätt som idag används.  Undersökningen av detta har skett genom en sammankoppling av ett flertal processer och mjukvaror och med en automatiserad projekteringsmetod förmodas stora tidsbesparingar vara möjliga, vilket resultatet av detta arbete tyder på.

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Bridge edge beams in Sweden may involve up to 60% of the life-cyclemeasure costs incurred along the road bridge’s life span. Moreover, usercosts as means of traffic disturbances are caused. Consequently, the SwedishTransport Administration started a project to find better alternativeedge beam design proposals for the society.The goal of this thesis is to contribute to the development of bridgeedge beam solutions that can result better for the society in terms of totalcost and still fulfill the functional requirements, through the evaluation ofnew concepts. A life-cycle cost analysis was carried out to assess the proposedalternatives. The results served as a guidance to identify alternativesthat could qualify for more detailed studies. One such proposal wasa solution without edge beam. Since the edge beam is known to distributeconcentrated loads, the removal of such member could lead to loss ofrobustness of concrete bridge deck slabs. Thus, a structural analysis todetermine the influence of the edge beam was performed through nonlinearfinite-element modelling validated from experimental evidenceavailable in the literature. An assessment of the existing calculationmethods for the overhang slab is also presented.The results show that the edge beam behaves as a load-carrying memberwhich contributes to a wider distribution of shear forces. An increasedload resisting capacity for reinforced concrete bridge deck overhang slabswas documented. The removal of the edge beam would imply loss of robustnessin the bridge, which might have to be counteracted by an increaseof the thickness of the deck slab. / <p>QC 20160205</p>

Climate change is expected to lead to more frequent extreme precipitation events, floods and changes in frost/thawing cycles. The frequency of road closures and other incidents such as flooding, landslides and roads being washed away will probably increase. Stronger demands will be placed on the function of road drainage systems. The overall aim of this thesis was to produce scientifically well-founded suggestions on adaptation of road drainage systems to climate change involving more frequent floods. The work began by examining current practice for road drainage systems in Sweden and gathering experience from professionals working with various problems concerning surface and subsurface drainage systems. Various hydrological models were then used to calculate the runoff from a catchment adjacent to a road and estimate changes in peak discharge and total runoff resulting from simulated land use measures. According to these survey and hydrological modelling studies, adaptation of road drainage systems to climate change can be grouped into two categories: i) institutional adaptation; and ii) technical adaptation. The main approaches in institutional adaptation are to: i) raise the awareness of expected climate change and its impact on drainage systems in transport administration and relevant stakeholders; ii) include adaptation measures in the existing funding programme of the transport administration; and iii) develop an evaluation tool and action plans concerning existing road drainage systems. Technical adaptation will involve ensuring that road constructions are adapted to more frequent extreme precipitation events and responsive to changes in activities and land use in areas adjacent to roads. Changes in climate variables will have effects on watershed hydrological responses and consequently influence the amount of runoff reaching roads. There is a great need for tools such as hydrological models to assess impacts on discharge dynamics, including peak flows. Improved communication between road managers and local actors in the forestry and agriculture sectors can be a means to reduce the impacts of, e.g., clear-cutting or badly managed farmland ditches. / QC 20111214

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<p>It was online</p>