Master thesis deals with the design of network topologies with multiple redundant links for investor’s local area network. The objective of the thesis is to design more topology proposals according to investor’s requirements and applied technologies. Design is based on an analysis of the current state, which describes current topology of investor’s network. The main part of the thesis proposes a solution based on currently available network redundancy protocols. The functionality of the proposed solutions is tested in laboratory conditions. Finally, the individual variants are compared and their individual benefits evaluated.

Neste trabalho foram pesquisados os métodos e procedimentos utilizados na execução de obras das redes subterrâneas da infra-estrutura urbana, desde a demarcação até a elaboração da planta do levantamento de como construído. Os equipamentos utilizados na execução de obras, tanto os não destrutivos, como os destrutivos e aqueles de localização de dutos e cabos enterrados. São também apresentados e detalhados os procedimentos à luz das normas técnicas, para o devido georreferenciamento das redes de infra-estrutura subterrânea. Foram inclusive analisados os resultados obtidos para o posicionamento das redes, conforme apresenta o estudo de casos, em obras com a utilização de equipamentos para a localização de cabos e dutos enterrados. Finalmente são sugeridas propostas para o georreferenciamento das redes de infra-estrutura urbana com a finalidade de constituição de um cadastro único. / This study investigates the methods and procedures used in the urban infrastructure underground network, from the demarcation to the production of the as-built survey plant. The equipments used in the execution of services, as far as non destructive, destructive as well as in the localization of underground pipe and cables are concerned, are presented and the procedures are detailed for underground infrastructure network georeferencing, considering the standard norms. The results of the network positioning with the utilization of equipments for underground pipes and cables equipments are analysed, as shown in the case study. Finally, proposals for the urban underground network georeferencing are presented in order to build a unique cadastre.

Advances in micro-sensor and wireless technology enable small but smart sensors to be developed for wide range environment-monitor applications. Since Sensor nodes only have limited power capacity and are difficult to recharge, how to prolong network lifetime is an important issue in wireless sensor networks design. Several topology control algorithms have been proposed to maintain the connectivity of wireless sensor network and reduce the energy consumption. Multi-hop Infrastructure Network Architecture (MINA) is a kind of Multi-layer Architecture for WSN topology, which utilizes hundred of sensors to transmit data to a sink. This architecture partitions sensor nodes into layers based on their distances (calculated by hop count) to BS. In this way, the node connected to more nodes will relay more data for other nodes. This make the node exhaust its battery power quickly and thus reduces the network lifetime. This study proposes an Efficient Energy Time-Slot Allocation (EETA) scheme which distributes time slots in accordance with the energy of neighbor nodes and the number of neighbor nodes. In addition, this work also devises an adaptive time slot size to reduce data packet drop in case when the node buffer is full. The simulation results show that the EETA performs better than the MINA in terms of network lifetime.

<p> Wireless communication has been thriving in recent years. Developments in the hardware and software industries enable more and more devices to be embedded in wireless communication modules. All kinds of interesting applications based on wireless connections are emerging, demanding simple and efficient ways to inter-connect different devices. Bluetooth is an industry standard initially proposed by Ericsson, IBM, Microsoft and some other leading IT companies to meet this growing demand. Initially, it intended to provide universal low cost, low power, and low complexity wireless interface to various devices. Furthermore, it also proposed to provide the possibility of interconnecting a number of mobile devices to form a network. However, the details of network formation and operation have not yet been regulated. In this work, we will investigate Bluetooth enabled network formation issues (especially when the traffic patterns on the network are well known).</p> <p> In this thesis, we use a small indoor area network model with a wired infrastructure network installed in the wall. A number of mobiles are distributed in the area and require inter-connectivity with each other and/or the outside world through multiple gateways. Unbalanced traffic in the network may result in hotspots leading to poor network throughput. Therefore, a centralized network formation algorithm is needed for Bluetooth networks to solve this problem.</p> <p> This thesis proposes novel Network Formation based on a Traffic Distribution (NFTD) mechanism. This centralized mechanism co-ordinates the behavior of mobiles and is implemented on gateways (also called access points). It forms the network topology according to the traffic distribution so that the path length of hotspot flows can be limited in order to maximize the network capacity. Last but not least, infrastructure networks provide free high-speed links for mobiles to further increase network capacity. The proposed mechanism is a promising mechanism as supported by simulation results.</p> / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Neste trabalho foram pesquisados os métodos e procedimentos utilizados na execução de obras das redes subterrâneas da infra-estrutura urbana, desde a demarcação até a elaboração da planta do levantamento de como construído. Os equipamentos utilizados na execução de obras, tanto os não destrutivos, como os destrutivos e aqueles de localização de dutos e cabos enterrados. São também apresentados e detalhados os procedimentos à luz das normas técnicas, para o devido georreferenciamento das redes de infra-estrutura subterrânea. Foram inclusive analisados os resultados obtidos para o posicionamento das redes, conforme apresenta o estudo de casos, em obras com a utilização de equipamentos para a localização de cabos e dutos enterrados. Finalmente são sugeridas propostas para o georreferenciamento das redes de infra-estrutura urbana com a finalidade de constituição de um cadastro único. / This study investigates the methods and procedures used in the urban infrastructure underground network, from the demarcation to the production of the as-built survey plant. The equipments used in the execution of services, as far as non destructive, destructive as well as in the localization of underground pipe and cables are concerned, are presented and the procedures are detailed for underground infrastructure network georeferencing, considering the standard norms. The results of the network positioning with the utilization of equipments for underground pipes and cables equipments are analysed, as shown in the case study. Finally, proposals for the urban underground network georeferencing are presented in order to build a unique cadastre.

The diploma thesis deals with the issue of computer network management design with all the necessary steps at the level of a medium-sized engineering company. In addition to the implementation of the monitoring system, the work also focuses on the design of network devices, organizational changes, compilation of a network graph and structural settings with a precise layout for project management.

Neste trabalho são analisados os Sistemas de Gerência de Pavimentos Urbanos (SGPU) e os Sistemas de lnformação Geográfica (SIG) visando a obtenção de formas com que possam ser aplicados para a compatibilização das atividades de gerência de todas as redes de infra-estrutura pública urbana (pavimento, água, esgoto, telefone, gás, energia elétrica). Desenvolve-se um projeto piloto, utilizando o aplicativo de SIG TransCAD para a gerência de pavimentos sob duas condições: na primeira, através de uma interface com um programa de gerência de pavimentos urbanos já em utilização (URMS, desenvolvido na Universidade do Texas em Austin); na segunda, como plataforma para o desenvolvimento de um novo sistema de gerência de pavimentos, tanto em nível de rede como em nível de projeto. São utilizadas bases de dados para o pavimento e para a rede de água de abastecimento, criadas para a análise de viabilidade da compatibilização da gerência de pavimentos com as atividades de concessionárias de serviços públicos urbanos, a qual confirmou a grande potencialidade do uso dos Sistemas de Informação Geográfica para a gerência integrada e racional da infra-estrutura pública urbana. / This work presents studies about Urban Pavement Management Systems (U-PMS) and Geographic lnformation Systems (GIS) aiming their utilization as a tool for the harmonization of urban infrastructure (pavement, gas, electric power, sewer, water, telephone) maintenance and rehabilitation activities. lt is developed a pilot study using the SIG software called TransCAD for pavement management under two conditions: the first one, through an interface with an already in use pavement management system (URMS, developed at the University of Texas at Austin); the second one, as a framework for the development of a new pavement management system, at network and project levels. Data bases for pavement and water networks are used for analysis of the harmonization of pavement management with other public infrastructure activities, which confirmed the great power of GIS for utilization in a rational and integrated urban infrastructure management system.

Cette thèse propose une nouvelle méthode pour fournir une connexion réseau à des véhicules au cours de trajets prédéterminés (trains, métros, autobus urbains, etc.). La communication entre le véhicule et l'infrastructure réseau est basée uniquement sur la technologie WiFi. Les contributions de ce travail sont d'une part la conception d'une méthode pour réaliser le handover horizontal (entre bornes WiFi), et d'autre part la modélisation et l'analyse de topologies pour le réseau d'infrastructure (réseau backbone plus réseau d'accès WiFi) déployé sur la trajectoire du véhicule. Dans une première partie, nous proposons une méthode, appelée Spiderman Handover, pour réaliser le handover horizontal d'un réseau en mouvement (embarqué dans le véhicule) et une procédure de mise à jour des informations de routage (couche 2 OSI) lors du handover. Nous évaluons notre proposition par simulation et validons nos résultats par des mesures expérimentales. Dans une deuxième partie, nous étudions théoriquement les paramètres de plusieurs familles de topologies du type Chordal pour le réseau backbone construit sur un réseau d'accès linéaire. A partir de la comparaison de ces paramètres, nous proposons une topologie backbone issue de la combinaison de deux topologies Chordal. Cette topologie fournit un bon compromis entre coût du déploiement, nombre de sauts nécessaires pour atteindre la passerelle du réseau et résilience raisonnable. Enfin, nous évaluons l'intégration de la topologie proposée pour le réseau d'infrastructure avec le système handover par des simulations. Les résultats présentés suggèrent que l'algorithme de handover proposé fonctionne correctement sur le réseau d'infrastructure proposé. Cela permet la garantie d'une connexion continue aux passagers à bord des trains, métros ou autobus urbains.

Neste trabalho são analisados os Sistemas de Gerência de Pavimentos Urbanos (SGPU) e os Sistemas de lnformação Geográfica (SIG) visando a obtenção de formas com que possam ser aplicados para a compatibilização das atividades de gerência de todas as redes de infra-estrutura pública urbana (pavimento, água, esgoto, telefone, gás, energia elétrica). Desenvolve-se um projeto piloto, utilizando o aplicativo de SIG TransCAD para a gerência de pavimentos sob duas condições: na primeira, através de uma interface com um programa de gerência de pavimentos urbanos já em utilização (URMS, desenvolvido na Universidade do Texas em Austin); na segunda, como plataforma para o desenvolvimento de um novo sistema de gerência de pavimentos, tanto em nível de rede como em nível de projeto. São utilizadas bases de dados para o pavimento e para a rede de água de abastecimento, criadas para a análise de viabilidade da compatibilização da gerência de pavimentos com as atividades de concessionárias de serviços públicos urbanos, a qual confirmou a grande potencialidade do uso dos Sistemas de Informação Geográfica para a gerência integrada e racional da infra-estrutura pública urbana. / This work presents studies about Urban Pavement Management Systems (U-PMS) and Geographic lnformation Systems (GIS) aiming their utilization as a tool for the harmonization of urban infrastructure (pavement, gas, electric power, sewer, water, telephone) maintenance and rehabilitation activities. lt is developed a pilot study using the SIG software called TransCAD for pavement management under two conditions: the first one, through an interface with an already in use pavement management system (URMS, developed at the University of Texas at Austin); the second one, as a framework for the development of a new pavement management system, at network and project levels. Data bases for pavement and water networks are used for analysis of the harmonization of pavement management with other public infrastructure activities, which confirmed the great power of GIS for utilization in a rational and integrated urban infrastructure management system.

L'urbanisation et la construction d'infrastructures de transports sont aujourd'hui la première cause de baisse de diversité. De par la perte d'habitat et la fragmentation du paysage qu'ils engendrent, ces ouvrages impactent les populations. Notre travail a cherché à évaluer, sur une espèce aux exigences écologiques complexes, les impacts prévisibles de la mise en place d'une Ligne à Grande Vitesse (LGV) et leurs conséquences. Nous avons étudiés la population d'Outarde canepetière Tetrax tetrax des Costières de Nîmes. A l'échelle de son aire de répartition, cette population fait figure d'exception : elle atteint localement des densités-records et développe des patterns de distributions jusqu'alors jamais rencontrés chez l'espèce. Nous avons cherché à identifier les variations locales de distribution et leur corrélation avec les paramètres d'habitat selon une grande gamme d'échelle spatiale, afin de modéliser les patterns de distribution attendus et les impacts prévisibles de la future infrastructure. / Urbanization and increasing transport infrastructure construction are known as the main cause of biodiversity loss. By habitat loss and landscape fragmentation they cause, these structures impact populations. Our work sought to assess, on a case of complex ecological requirements, foreseeable impacts of the establishment of a High Speed Line (HSL) and their consequences. We studied the population of Little Bustard Tetrax Tetrax of the Costières nîmoise area. Within its own range scale, this population is an exception: it reaches locally unusually high densities and develops distributions patterns never met previously. We sought to identify local variations in distribution and their correlation with habitat parameters in a wide range of spatial scales, to model the expected distribution patterns and expected impacts of future infrastructure.