The purposes of this study were (a) to examine the effectiveness of the MI-Infusing Instruction on fourth graders¡¦ applications of MI in Science Learning and their improvement in technological creativity; and (b) to examine the relationships between gender, multiple intelligences, and technological creativity. An unequal group pretest-posttest design was employed in the study. Two fourth-grade classes of a public elementary school in Kaohsung were selected based on convenience sampling. The participants were divided into the experimental group (n = 23) and the control group (n = 33). The employed instruments included MI-Infusing Learning Scale, Technological Creativity Test, and several self-developed worksheets. The applied analysis methods were Descriptive Statistics, Multivariate Analysis of Covariance, Discriminant Analysis, and Canonical Correlation. The main findings of this study were as follows: 1. The MI-Infusing Instruction had significant effects on enhancing fourth graders¡¦ naturalist and interpersonal intelligences. 2. The MI-Infusing Instruction was effective on enhancing fourth graders¡¦ fluency, elaboration, and visual design. 3. The girls¡¦ interpersonal intelligence was higher than that of the boys, but such gender difference was not found in the performance of technological creativity. 4. There was a significant canonical correlation between the indices of multiple intelligences (linguistic intelligence, naturalist intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, and intrapersonal intelligence) and those of technological creativity (fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration, and visual design). 5. The fourth graders¡¦ abilities of technological creativity could effectively predict their ability groups of naturalist intelligence. Finally, the researcher proposed some suggestions for educational instruction and future studies.

Pinus caribeae hondurensis foi impregnado pelo processo vácuo/pressão, com tetra etil ortosilicato (TEOS) e álcool furfurílico (FFA). Os reagentes foram introduzidos com seus respectivos catalisadores ácidos, e após aquecimento promoveu-se a polimerização no interior da madeira. Os métodos de caracterização utilizados foram a difração de raios-X, a microscopia eletrônica, a espectroscopia de infravermelho e a ressonância nuclear magnética de sólido. O tratamento com TEOS trouxe pequenas melhorias na resistência mecânica e na estabilidade dimensional da madeira. Houve formação do gel de TEOS entre as cadeias de celulose com diminuição de sua cristalinidade. Foram analisadas as causas da perda de resistência mecânica e aumento da estabilidade dimensional da madeira tratada com FFA. A madeira impregnada com FFA apresentou aumento da cristalinidade da celulose e comportamento frágil na fratura. A resina de FFA não preenche o lúmem das células da madeira, mas reage com os sítios OH e deposita-se na superficie das paredes celulares. O duplo tratamento, primeiramente com TEOS e depois com FFA, melhora a estabilidade dimensional sem diminuir a resistência mecânica da madeira / Pinus caribeae hondurensis was infused with tetra ethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and furfuryl alcohol (FFA) using the vacuum/pressure processing. The reagents were instilled together with theirs acidic catalysts. After heat processing, the reaction was started within the wood. The characterization was carried out using of x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance. Infusing wood with TEOS leads to slight enhancements of the mechanical resistance and dimensional stability. Gel from TEOS reactions was formed between the cellulose chains with decrease of cristalinity. The causes of mechanical resistance lowering and dimensional stability increase were analyzed in wood treated with FFA. FFA instilled wood showed increased cellulose cristalline ordering and also fragile fracture behavior. FFA resin did not soak into the wood cell lumen, but reacted with OH sites and covered the cell wall surfaces. Double treated wood, first with TEOS and later with FFA, had the dimensional stability improved without decrease in mechanical resistance

Pinus caribeae hondurensis foi impregnado pelo processo vácuo/pressão, com tetra etil ortosilicato (TEOS) e álcool furfurílico (FFA). Os reagentes foram introduzidos com seus respectivos catalisadores ácidos, e após aquecimento promoveu-se a polimerização no interior da madeira. Os métodos de caracterização utilizados foram a difração de raios-X, a microscopia eletrônica, a espectroscopia de infravermelho e a ressonância nuclear magnética de sólido. O tratamento com TEOS trouxe pequenas melhorias na resistência mecânica e na estabilidade dimensional da madeira. Houve formação do gel de TEOS entre as cadeias de celulose com diminuição de sua cristalinidade. Foram analisadas as causas da perda de resistência mecânica e aumento da estabilidade dimensional da madeira tratada com FFA. A madeira impregnada com FFA apresentou aumento da cristalinidade da celulose e comportamento frágil na fratura. A resina de FFA não preenche o lúmem das células da madeira, mas reage com os sítios OH e deposita-se na superficie das paredes celulares. O duplo tratamento, primeiramente com TEOS e depois com FFA, melhora a estabilidade dimensional sem diminuir a resistência mecânica da madeira / Pinus caribeae hondurensis was infused with tetra ethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and furfuryl alcohol (FFA) using the vacuum/pressure processing. The reagents were instilled together with theirs acidic catalysts. After heat processing, the reaction was started within the wood. The characterization was carried out using of x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance. Infusing wood with TEOS leads to slight enhancements of the mechanical resistance and dimensional stability. Gel from TEOS reactions was formed between the cellulose chains with decrease of cristalinity. The causes of mechanical resistance lowering and dimensional stability increase were analyzed in wood treated with FFA. FFA instilled wood showed increased cellulose cristalline ordering and also fragile fracture behavior. FFA resin did not soak into the wood cell lumen, but reacted with OH sites and covered the cell wall surfaces. Double treated wood, first with TEOS and later with FFA, had the dimensional stability improved without decrease in mechanical resistance

In mandating new curriculum, state legislatures frequently have opted to require school districts to "infuse" new content rather than adopt a new course. The lack of procedural guidelines in these legislative mandates leaves curriculum specialists to struggle with an "infusion dilemma," the problem of implementing the new curriculum without knowing how it should appear, once implemented. The purpose of this study was to examine interpretations of infusion held by persons responsible for operationalizing an infusion mandate. The interpretations of "infusion" held by people concerned with the implementation of the 1977 Economic Education Act in Texas were investigated. Selected legislators, state agency personnel, curriculum consultants, economics educators, and classroom teachers were interviewed about the concept and process of infusion.