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Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2006.

In the summer of 1940 around five thousand aircraft clashed during several months for control of the skies over Britain. The fighter aircraft used by the German Luftwaffe and British Royal Air Force were, for the most part, very similar. They were monoplane airframes made with a metal structure and covered with fabric or metal skin, their engines produced around 1,000 h.p., and the aircraft themselves achieved speeds of around 350 to 370 m.p.h. They had retractable undercarriages and were bristling with armaments. These aircraft stood in stark contrast to those used just over twenty years earlier in the First World War. Those machines were biplanes, almost exclusively made from wood, covered in a doped fabric, their engines produced around 400 h.p., with speeds at around 120 m.p.h., they had fixed undercarriages, one or two machine guns and were largely un-armoured. In a little over twenty years the basic form of fighter aircraft had changed, and the materials used in their construction had changed. The engines, guns, interior structure and even the operational roles to which they were assigned had been altered to greater or lesser extents. The period 1918-1939 was, therefore, very important in the development of British fighter aircraft, as it was in aviation technology more generally. The inter-war period suggested itself for several reasons. Firstly, the historiography upon which part of this thesis is hinged deals largely with its latter years and the years leading to World War Two. Due to this concentration on the mid-late 1930s, there is no real sense of what was going on in the 1920s, or attempts to understand the changes that the technology, and the institutions behind them, went through over the years. Secondly, following the First World War, the British aircraft industry was possessed of some considerable degree of competence and experience. To study the development of aviation technology before the war would be to catalogue the efforts of a number of pioneers each doing their own thing and following their own beliefs. To look at such development during the First World War would be to look at what happens when money is no serious object to research and development, production space, labour, management and so on. In looking at the inter-war years, we can examine a new industry that has just come out of a very considerable baptism of fire (in the case of Britain this baptism came just five years after her first successful flight was conducted). We can examine an industry that had to deal with enormous cutbacks, governmental micromanagement and lacking, for a long time, a fertile market in which to operate. Furthermore, the twenty years of the inter-war period allows us to look at a protracted period of technological change enabling us to account for the many varied and changing factors influencing the development of British fighter aircraft. Finally, the approach of the Second World War, the danger of Adolf Hitler and National Socialism and the proliferation of the Luftwaffe was not lost on policymakers and so this period also allows us to examine the effects of wider international events on technology. As it will be shown in the section dealing with historiography there has been plenty of work examining the British aircraft industry, individual aircraft and even the technologies which appeared over the twenty years that this thesis covers. However, there has been a great scarcity of work attempting to explain how such technologies appeared, how they linked together and how aircraft technology changed over the period. These are important questions, not only in terms of providing comprehensive explanations for their creation, development and existence but also in providing crucial context when attempting to pass judgement (as many historians have done) on the industry and the technology it created, and the politics and bureaucracy involved in shaping the technology. Using the example of British fighter aircraft during the 1920s and 1930s, this thesis will look at how the pace of technological change was set. How and why did British fighter aircraft develop the way they did and at the pace that they did? In particular, it will address the central issue of how the shift from the wooden biplanetype fighter of 1918 to the metal monoplane-type of 1939 came about. And can this change be conceptualised as a ‘paradigm shift’ from one ‘technological paradigm’ to another? This is particularly interesting because many consider that aviation now needs to carry out another paradigm shift, due to concerns about environmental impacts, especially as regards climate change.

Innovations in the public services have become mandatory to provide more efficient and secured services to the citizens. In today&#039 / s fast changing technological environment, the sustained management of innovation is the most vital executive task for the organizations. Identification of the technological innovation process is required in order to manage innovation in the public organizations. This thesis study aims to build a technological innovation model for public organizations in Turkey identifying technological innovation process, stakeholders of the process, sources of innovation, obstacles of innovation and driving forces of innovation. In this research study, strategically important organizations, including all ministries and the pioneer public organizations that perform technological innovation projects are analyzed. In the research study, case study is used as a research strategy and interviews are used as data collection methods. Using collected data / data sets are produced and presented in tables. Data analysis results enable to identify technological innovation process, stakeholders of the process, sources of innovation, barriers of innovation, and driving forces of innovation. Consequently, in accordance with the findings of the study, a new technological innovation model that may pave the way for technological innovation projects and enable successful management of innovation process is constructed. The proposed model lights the way of managers for their innovation projects by means of determining unclear innovation process and identifying the inputs and outputs of the process. Moreover, this study is a guide for managers in public organizations identifying possible obstacles and offering solutions, identifying driving forces to accelerate the innovation process, emphasizing the importance of interaction between the stakeholders.

Submitted by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-10-03T17:17:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE JANE GUIMARAES. 2014.pdf: 2167103 bytes, checksum: ccea81297dbf8718accabab7f85aef25 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-10-07T14:04:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE JANE GUIMARAES. 2014.pdf: 2167103 bytes, checksum: ccea81297dbf8718accabab7f85aef25 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-07T14:04:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE JANE GUIMARAES. 2014.pdf: 2167103 bytes, checksum: ccea81297dbf8718accabab7f85aef25 (MD5) / As inovações tecnológicas são introduzidas pelas empresas no mercado de produtos e serviços, e as estratégias para a geração dessas inovações concentram-se nas atividades de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento (P&D) e Marketing. Na saúde, a incorporação dessas inovações tem contribuído para o aumento nas demandas por serviços públicos, tecnologias e insumos no sistema de saúde. A partir da metodologia de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, busca-se, neste estudo, responder às seguintes indagações: Quais as direções tomadas pelo desenvolvimento tecnológico, ao longo dos últimos 13 anos, no que se refere aos medicamentos antidiabéticos genéricos utilizados para o controle do diabetes? A mídia impressa dirige ideologicamente o consumidor na produção de necessidade de consumo de produtos e serviços para a prevenção e controle do diabetes? Quais são os fatores que condicionam o acesso dos pacientes insulino-dependentes ao glicosímetro? O presente estudo tem o objetivo Analisar, entre 1998 e 2012, a partir do estudo de paradigmas e trajetórias tecnológicas, como a mídia convence o consumidor na produção de necessidades de saúde e os condicionantes do acesso glicosímetro. Tem sido um grande desafio para os sistemas de saúde no mundo cuidar da população com alta prevalência de diabetes. É preciso articular as políticas de saúde e de ciência e tecnologia (C&T) às políticas industrial e comercial pode reduzir a dependência tecnológica na área de saúde, e possibilitar a pesquisa e desenvolvimento de bens e serviços para atender às necessidades de saúde da população brasileira. Nessa direção, a comunicação pode ser utilizada como uma das estratégias de disseminação de modelo de atenção, baseado na promoção da saúde frente ao modelo hegemônico biomédico. É preciso garantir o acesso aos insumos imprescindíveis para o cuidado do diabetes e assegurar que os recursos públicos sejam utilizados a partir dos princípios de universalidade e integralidade do SUS.

Orientador: Eduardo Gurgel do Amaral / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T21:18:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dedding_AnitaTereza_M.pdf: 6940641 bytes, checksum: fd24926124a029e92cb2e979b0e5f84a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O trabalho faz uma análise dos gargalos ao desenvolvimento tecnológico brasileiro, e desenvolve a estruturação de uma agenda de trabalho visando o crescimento sustentável da indústria, com foco na utilização da inovação tecnológica em ambientes de arranjos produtivos locais. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma proposta de um Programa de Inovação em Arranjos Produtivos Locais ¿ APLs, visando o aumento da competitividade das empresas integrantes desses arranjos. O programa propõe essencialmente quatro fases: Diagnóstico Empresarial; Elaboração e Implementação de propostas de Projetos de Inovação; Viabilização Econômica das Propostas e Monitoramento e Controle dos projetos de inovação tecnológica. Como referência é apresentada uma experiência, realizada no APL de Bijuterias e Folheados de Limeira, no Estado de São Paulo. Nesta experiência piloto, como resultado da primeira fase, foi criado um Comitê Gestor de Inovação Tecnológica Local, que elaborou uma agenda de projetos para a criação e/ou uso de tecnologias para o aumento da competitividade das empresas deste APL. Os projetos, que foram elaborados e sistematizados pela autora, no âmbito da atuação da Fiesp/Ciesp, foram implementados neste trabalho. Discute-se ainda a política tecnológica, seus programas voltados para a iniciativa privada e sua contextualização sobre as demandas empresariais / Abstract: This paper analyses the constrains to the Brazilian technological development. An agenda is made whose target is the industry sustainable growth through technological innovation in clusters. In order to show the potential of such approach, it is presented an Innovation Programme case carried out by FIESP/CIESP which goal was to create a methodology to develop Clusters in Sao Paulo state. The Program was built in four distinctive phases, namely: Enterprise Diagnosis; Elaboration and Implementation of Innovation Proposals Projects; Economic Viability and Control of Technological Innovation Projects. Finally, it is presented a case of such Program in Gold Platted Jewels Cluster in Limeira city, where a Local Innovation Committee was created to build an agenda of high priority projects with emphasis in new technologies to increase competitiveness of the companies located on that Cluster. We still study the national technological policy and its programmes oriented to the private sector, assessing their technological demands / Mestrado / Gestão da Qualidade Total / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Questo lavoro ha lo scopo di valutare i distretti tecnologici italiani. A tal fine sono stati sinteticamente presentati nel primo capitolo alcuni concetti chiave della letteratura economica rilevanti ai fini di questo lavoro. Nel secondo capitolo è stata condotta un'analisi di tipo descrittivo relativamente a tutti i distretti tecnologici approvati dal MIUR alla data del novembre 2007. Nel terzo capitolo si passa ad un'analisi di tipo quantitativo che sulla base di dati provenienti da varie fonti misura: il livello di specializzazione delle varie regioni italiane relativamente all'area tecnologica prescelta per l'implementazione del distretto tecnologico; il livello di performance delle varie regioni relativamente ad una serie di indicatori di attività scientifico-tecnologiche; il livello dell'ambiente economico in termini di tasso di imprenditorialità e di disponibilità di finanziamenti di tipo venture capital. Nel quarto capitolo si procede alla creazione di quattro indicatori sintetici: uno di specializzazione tecnologica; uno di performance scientifico-tecnologica; uno economico-ambientale; l'ultimo riassuntivo dei precedenti. Nel capitolo quarto i dati degli indicatori ottenuti dall'analisi quantitativa vengono combinati con le informazioni riportate nel capitolo secondo utilizzando un'analisi di tipo dicotomico. La visione d'insieme che ne deriva diventa la base per alcune considerazioni di policy sull'implementazione di questo strumento di politica innovativa. / This work analyses a specific policy instrument namely the establishment of technological districts (TD) in Italy. After a selective literature review of the main theoretical concepts used in the research (chapter 1), the work provides a general overview of the Italian TDs approved by MIUR at November 2007 (chapter 2). In the third chapter the work provides a statistical analysis of the regional innovation contexts using a wide set of indicators measuring: levels of regional specialization in the sectors chosen for TDs implementation; science and technology performances; features of the economic environment (entrepreneurship and venture capital funds). In the fourth chapter it is presented a system of four synthetic indices providing information on: 1) regional specializations; 2) scientific-technological performances; 3) economic environment. The fourth synthetic index, being the combination of the previous three, reflects simultaneously all the three dimensions. The analysis of statistical data is complemented, in chapter 4, by an evaluation of the institutional features of the TDs based on the information gathered in chapter 2. This has allowed to bring together the outcomes of chapter 2 and of chapter 3 in order to formulate some policy conclusions.

Teknologiers transformativa förmågor har stor potential att bidra till förändring som gynnar samhällen, miljön och mänskligt välbefinnande. Världen står idag inför många stora utmaningar som klimatförändringar och omfattande digitala förändringar. Investerare påverkar vilka teknologier som formar våra samhällen, och uppdragsdrivna aktörer, snarare än endast vinstdrivna, kan påverka framtida paradigmskiften. Trots ett ökat intresse för området ”transformativa teknologier” saknas konsensus kring grundläggande egenskaper och vad begreppet inbegriper. Avsaknaden av definierande egenskaper resulterar i att begreppet löper risk att urvattnas, vilket vidare medför negativa effekter kopplade till beslutsfattares avsaknad av praxis för att utvärdera transformativa förmågor hos teknologier. Beslutsfattare kan hjälpas av ett tydligare definierat begrepp och genom applicerbara metoder kan beslutsfattare hjälpas nå sina mål. Befintliga metoder för utvärdering av ansvarsfulla investeringar som ESG och Impact investing är inte fokuserade på teknologier och därtill finns begränsningar som gör de mindre tillämpbara i fall där transformativa teknologier är relevant. Studien bidrar till en ökad förståelse för begreppet och tillhandahåller metoder för utvärdering genom att analysera transformativa egenskaper i Industrifondens portföljbolag inom området transformativ teknologi. Det empiriska underlaget utgörs av 12 portföljbolag. Studien visar på tre dimensioner av transformativa egenskaper, value changes, mimicry och diffusion, samt bidrar med förståelse kring dess innebörd. Vidare visar studien på återkommande mönster i termer av transformativa egenskaper. Utöver bidraget kopplat till en ökad förståelse inom området ger studien förslag på hur dessa teknologier kan utvärderas samt hur utvärderingsmetoder kan tillämpas vid investeringsstrategier. / The transformative capabilities of technologies have great potential contributing to change that benefits society, the environment and human well-being. The world faces many grand challenges today, such as climate change and extensive digital change. Investors affect which technologies shaping our societies and organizations that are mission-driven, rather than entirely profit-driven, can affect the paradigm shifts that are to come. Despite an increased interest in the field of “transformative technologies”, there is a lack of consensus on basic characteristics and what the term entails. The lack of defining characteristics results in a risk of the term being diluted, which further has negative effects linked to decision-makers’ lack of approaches to evaluate transformative abilities in technologies. Decision-makers can be helped by a more defined concept, and through applicable methods, decision-makers can be helped to achieve their goals. Existing methods for evaluation of so-called “responsible investments” such as ESG and Impact investing are not focused on transformative capabilities of technologies. Furthermore, some limitations make them less applicable in cases where transformative technologies are relevant. The study contributes to an increased understanding of the concept and provides methods for evaluation by analyzing transformative capacities in Industrifonden's portfolio companies in the field of transformative technology. The empirical basis consists of 12 portfolio companies. The study highlights three dimensions of characteristics for transformative technologies, value changes, mimicry and diffusion, and contributes to an understanding of their meaning. Furthermore, the study shows recurring patterns in terms of transformative characteristics. In addition to the contribution linked to an increased understanding in the area, the study provides suggestions on how these technologies can be evaluated and how evaluation methods can be applied to investment strategies.