The conditions for organizations today has fundamentally changed as a result of digitalization and digital innovation processes has become a central part in an organization's continued work to handle changing requirements and needs. Arbetsförmedlingens Innovationscenter is a new department that has been established as a part of the authority’s journey towards digital renewal with the ambition to visualize digital opportunity for tomorrow's labour market. A knowledge gap has been identified concerning how a public organization through an innovation initiative manage the continuously increasing expectations for them to work innovative and digitally. To close this gap an explorative case study is conducted to study the role Innovationscenter plays in Arbetsförmedlingens work with digital innovation. A conceptual framework is then created based on research on value creation and innovation processes which is then used to study the empiricism. The study shows that Innovationscenters role is mainly one of external monitoring, organisational development and marketing. The conclusion is that Innovationscenter spends more time inspiring than innovating and argumentation is presented concerning the importance of creating the relevant structures to go from inspiration to innovation.

We are moving towards an increasingly digitized world where society experience a remarkable change due to digital technology. Digitization creates brand new opportunities for developing digital services that create added value for customers. Previous research has focused on corporate networks where several actors can be included and crucial for successful innovation. However, studies regarding how a company manages digital service innovation when multiple actors can be included have far been limited. In this study we have focused on the banking sector. By comparing how a bank manages digital service innovation when the service is self-owened and co-owned, we want to contribute with increased knowledge in the area using ecosystem theory. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, we chose to conduct a case study where data was collected through interviews. The result of the study shows that a bank in a large part, whether it’s a proprietary or co-owned digital service, must be able to handle the same components and actors to be able to establish the service in the ecosystem. We have confirmed previous research and contributed with our own conclusions in which we identified three ecosystem actors. These are infrastructure, the creation of value and cooperation. We concluded that these actors are very important in managing digital service innovation in both approaches, but at the same time have different conditions. From the result, we found that it is more difficult to handle infrastructure within a company with a self-owned digital service than what it is with a co-owned. It is also important to manage value creation regardless of the approach chosen by the bank as it will in both cases offer the customer a valuable service. The last is cooperation which is an important actor in both cases but with different conditions.

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This research initially sprung out of a natural curiosity for the emerging phenomenon of open data with its combination of democratic perspectives, since it is based on freedom of information legislation, and its potential for a multitude of citizen driven innovations. Research showed that while open data repeatedly was being envisioned for having immense potential of leading to a multitude of innovations and societal impacts, most of the attention still remained on challenges related to enable a broad realisation of open data, that is, putting more data on the web. At the same time, research and reports indicated that open data was a more complex matter than expected, and that the release of open data was guarded by myths saying that opening up of data equalled instant benefits from open data use, and that open data initiatives were emerging too slowly. In general, the understanding of how to address open data so that the envisioned innovative potential was enabled remained a pressing issue. Therefore this research set out to explore how the public sector open data phenomenon is being shaped to address societal opportunities and challenges, and thereby enabling both practical and theoretic contributions. The field of Social Shaping of Technology (SST) was chosen as main theoretic lens since it provided good models for approaching technology development and innovation in general, and also includes social and political dimensions without being limited by organisational borders or managerial dimensions. By engaging in a case study of two Swedish municipalities and their respective open data initiatives in combination with a study on European policies and reported open data use, a number of research papers has been written, of which four is included in this thesis.Findings reveal that the highly heterogeneous evolvement of open data can advantageously be seen as shaped into a metaphorical open arena for innovation and value creation, inspired by a SST concept called arenas for development. The arena concept enables us to bring together processes and entities that otherwise are dislocated, and to gain a holistic view of the shaping processes at stake for this yet immature ICT-phenomenon. Also, it allows us to address the evolvement of open data in a way that intertwines with social, political and technical aspects. Within the overall concept of an open arena for innovation and value creation, the research revealed two concepts for understanding how societal challenges and opportunities were addressed with the help of open data; multidirectional and multicentre evolvement, of which the latter is a contribution to SST theory. As a final reflection, this thesis provides some thoughts on future implications and possibilities of the democratic stance of open data. / Godkänd; 2014; 20141121 (joslas); Nedanstående person kommer att hålla licentiatseminarium för avläggande av filosofie licentiatexamen. Namn: Josefin Lassinantti Ämne: Informatik / Social Informatics Uppsats: Public Sector Open Data -Shaping an Arena for Innovation and Value Creation Examinator: Professor Birgitta Bergvall-Kåreborn Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik Avdelning: Datavetenskap Diskutant: Professor Debra Howcroft Manchester Business School Tid: Torsdag den 4 december 2014 kl 09.30 Plats: A1547, Luleå tekniska universitet / System förAnvändardriven TjänsteInnovation Etapp 2

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