Le développement du trafic aérien international est une composante majeure de la croissance des échanges internationaux intervenue depuis la seconde guerre mondiale. La traduction terrestre en est le développement des plateformes aéroportuaires. Avec les dérégulations intervenues dans les années 1990 les hubs sont des éléments majeurs de l’espace européen. Ils ont généré des territoires aéroportuaires allant au-delà des limites administratives et domaniales des aéroports ; ceux-ci sont des espaces importants de l’économie de la connaissance et de l’innovation. A ce titre, ils sont des polarités métropolitaines majeures. Nous en avons choisi trois majeures situées sur deux continents : Paris- Charles de Gaulle, Amsterdam- Schiphol et Seoul- Incheon. En raison de leur accessibilité multimodale synchrone, ces aéroports sont parties prenantes de territoires aéroportuaires importants et multifonctionnels. Ils participent sous de formes et des degrés divers à l’économie de la connaissance et de l’innovation et en particulier à ses circulations. / The development of international air traffic is a major component of the international exchanges occurred since the Second World War. The terrestrial translation is the development of airport. With the deregulations occurred in the years the 1990, hubs are major elements of European space. They generated airport territories going beyond the administrative and domanial limits of the airports; those are important spaces of the knowledge and innovation economy. For this reason, they are major metropolitan polarities. We chose three major located out of two continents: Paris Charles de Gaulle, Amsterdam Schiphol and Seoul Incheon... Because of their synchronous multimode accessibility, these airports are recipients of important and multipurpose airport territories. They take part in various forms and degrees in the knowledge and innovation economy and in particular in its circulations

According to David Harvey, neoliberal ideology has emerged as the current hegemonic economic discourse. Therefore, Harvey contends that neoliberalism has permeated every aspect of society, including institutions of higher education. However, the role of neoliberal ideology is perceived as a form of common sense, and thus proponents of neoliberal policies often do not realize that the programs and policies that they are implementing are neoliberal. Furthermore, Harvey argues that another aspect of neoliberalism is its propensity to exclude or ignore society. This thesis explores the relationship between neoliberal ideology and higher education, as well as the tendency of neoliberalism to depict universities and other forms of higher education as catalysts for economic development. In order to examine this relationship, this thesis examines an institution of higher education located in Southside Virginia, the Institute for Advanced Learning and Research (IALR). More specifically, this thesis takes an in depth look of the academic, research, and outreach/community programs offered by IALR. Moreover, this thesis explains how some of IALR's programs fit within a neoliberal framework and others do not, and how these programs are characterized as mechanisms of economic revitalization in Southside Virginia. Finally, this thesis demonstrates the ways in which IALR has embraced aspects of neoliberal ideology while resisting neoliberalism's tendencies to exclude the community from decision-making processes, yet also inculcate neoliberal ideology into the community's perceptions of economic development and higher education. / Master of Arts

Master of Landscape Architecture / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Jason Brody / Some cities target innovation to bolster their economy, because it drives economic growth. An emerging trend is to use urban regeneration to accomplish this desire. However, lack of understanding about land development effects on innovation is a major concern. Such uncertainty makes it difficult to create visions, plans, and designs for these environments. A major dilemma presents itself. In what way do urban designers develop innovation economies and what confidence can they have in those roles considering the lack of evidence about urban sites within larger innovation systems? In response to the dilemma, this research documents projects facilitating innovation in local economies. A catalog was the tool for exploring characteristics of these places and their connections to economic systems. The catalog acts as a decision framework by displaying these relationships through a goal, objective, and tactic hierarchy. This format illustrates how site-level decisions impact specific parts of the economy. By using the catalog, planners and designers may guide innovation through urban development. To accomplish this, developments must draw talented people with creative ideas and organizations willing to invest in those ideas. When synergies form between these groups, new goods and services become available. To build this innovative milieu, planners and designers EXPLORE regional and site-based opportunities to determine the tactics they utilize. Next, they DEVELOP plans for the places desired by and required for people who INNOVATE. These findings collectively instill confidence in the roles of planners and designers in their quest to cultivate innovative environments.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edson Schrot da Silva.pdf: 3395602 bytes, checksum: ee5008fd67ccfdb0aa92101917b2e165 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-04 / Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie / This work consists of a systematic review of legislation regulating and structure the innovation theme, presenting the concept, characteristics, types, principles, scope, system adopted and how they are interpreted and applied by the various standards bodies that oversee this subject in the country. Deepening of the subject, it was observed that innovation transcends technological issue and reflects aspects involving the political and economic rights such as legal certainty, state intervention, economic domain, culture aspects and social values. Thus, when confronted with the concept of innovation to Article 17 of Law no 11.196/2005. This is not possible to study it without reflecting on legal certainty, the same is repeated when studying the Brazilian System of Innovation that relies on the principle of effectiveness of Article 37, caput, of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988 and the guiding principles of innovation, Articles 218 and 219 of the same legislative instrument, especially when compared with other countries, in the view of interventionist government actions and economic dominance the issue of industrial privileges and incentives. In the economic field there are questions about intervention, economic structuralism, economic dominance through innovation, industrial privileges and tax breaks are presented, which always supported by reviews of their subjects, whose perspective involves literature review, research with official sites, administrative and judicial decisions. / Este trabalho apresenta uma análise sistemática da estrutura e da legislação que regulamenta o tema inovação no país. Na pesquisa, denota-se que a inovação é um tema transversal e reflete questões políticas, jurídicas, econômicas e sociais como democracia, domínio econômico, intervenção estatal, segurança jurídica, tecnologia, cultura e valores sociais, sendo todos devidamente trabalhados de maneira aprofundada e entrelaçada nos capítulos do presente estudo. Ao se defrontar, por exemplo, com o conceito de inovação do artigo 17, da Lei no 11.196/2005, estuda-se a sua indeterminação, o que traz à baila reflexões pontuais e inéditas sobre sua segurança jurídica. Outrossim, quando se retrata os resultados atuais das políticas e estruturas adotadas no país para o assunto, exige-se um aprofundamento sociológico da cultura de inovação existente e do papel dos agentes da inovação como Governo, Universidades, Centros de Pesquisas, Empresas e Movimentos Sociais em sua disseminação. Também são retratados neste ponto, os artigos 218 e 219 da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988; princípio da eficiência do artigo 37°, caput, do mesmo diploma normativo, com método comparativo com outros países; e, princípio democrático inspirando as políticas e decisões dos órgãos de inovação do país. No campo econômico são apresentadas questões sobre intervenção, estruturalismo econômico, domínio econômico pela inovação, privilégios industriais e incentivos fiscais, cuja ótica envolve revisão bibliográfica, consulta a sítios oficiais de pesquisa, decisões administrativas e judiciais inerentes.