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Monovalent coinage metal complexes have been of significant interest due to their rich photophysical properties. This dissertation focuses on the design, synthesis, and characterization of gold, silver, and copper phosphors. Chapter 2 investigates new physical and photophysical properties of a gold diphosphine dimer in the solid state. Thermally activated luminescence switching between two structural states is discussed. Chapter 3 includes the photochemistry of closed shell group 11 transition metals with dithiophosphonate and diphosphine ligands as heteroleptic, homoleptic and heterometallic systems. Chapter 4 reports the synthesis and characterization of a cyclic trinuclear gold imidazolate complex with high electron dentistry and π- base properties. The trinuclear gold (I) complexes reactivity with silver(I) and sodium cations is explored. The photochemistry of all complexes are screened for efficiency, emission profiles and lifetimes as potential materials to be used in OLEDs and other molecular devices.

Metal chalcogenides are one of the most important class of compounds in the field of Inorganic Chemistry. A wide variety of chalco-anion building blocks provides excellent opportunities to synthesize new compounds with unique structure and properties, essential drives in maximizing technological impact. In this dissertation, the exploratory synthesis of new mixed-metal chalcogenide compounds is carried out. The novel phases were characterized using a wide spectrum of techniques, and their properties were investigated. The project started by investigating the synthesis of zeolite-like chalcogenides using a solid-state reaction. As a result, the thioaluminogermanate Na(AlS2)(GeS2)4 was synthesized with successful insertion of Al3+ cations into the chalcogenogermanate framework. This effectively extended the structural chemistry for this family of materials and approximated them to the aluminosilicate zeolites. The crystal structure of Na(AlS2)(GeS2)4 displayed a [(AlS2)(GeS2)4]1- 3D polyanionic framework, in which Al and Ge atoms share atomic positions and Na cations occupy the channels in-between. At room temperature and in a solvent medium, this compound exhibits a unique cation-exchange property with monovalent Ag+ and Cu+ ions, resulting in the formation of the isostructural compounds Ag(AlS2)(GeS2)4 and Cu(AlS2)(GeS2)4. The replacement of Na+ in the parent compound with Ag+ or Cu+ results in enhanced properties such as higher stability in air and narrower bandgap energies. The completeness of the ion-exchange reactions was confirmed using various analytical tools including single crystal XRD, EDX, and 23Na NMR. Following this initial success, a systematic study was carried out to synthesize unknown phases of transition and main group mixed-metal chalcogenides. As a result, the first example of an alkali/transition metal thioaluminate compound K2Cu3AlS4 was synthesized. For this, a solid-state reaction with K2S acting as a self-flux was used. The crystal structure of K2Cu3AlS4 consists of [Cu3AlS4]2- polyanionic anti-PbO type layers, in which Al and Cu atoms share the atomic positions, separated by K+ cations. The coordination environments of the Al and K cations were confirmed by solid-state 27Al and 39K NMR spectroscopies. The optical property and thermal stability of this new quaternary compound were also studied. The mixed-metal chalcogenides class is not restricted only to purely inorganic components; it can also be extended to inorganic-organic hybrid materials. In an attempt to synthesize main group chalcogenides mixed with transition metal complexes, the new compound [Ni(en)3]GeS2(OH)2•H2O was obtained. In the complex cation [Ni(en)3]2+, the ethylenediamine (en) ligands are bidentate to the Ni2+ through the N atoms resulting in a distorted octahedral geometry which is charge balanced by the rarely observed [GeS2(OH)2]2- tetrahedral anion. In agreement with single crystal data, the solid-state 1H NMR spectrum exhibits four signals corresponding to the -CH2 and NH2 protons of the (en) in addition to the H2O and -OH protons. This compound exhibits a paramagnetic response, studied by EPR spectroscopy and ZFC/FC magnetization measurements. The optical properties including UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescence emission were also measured. Knowing that it was possible to synthesize various types of mixed-metal chalcogenides, the focus was shifted to the production of those with interesting functional properties. In this way, Na2BiSbQ4 (Q = S, Se, Te) compounds were synthesized by reacting Bi and Sb in the corresponding Na2Q flux. The three phases obtained are isostructural and crystallize with NaCl-type structure. The unique feature of these structures is the existence of only one crystallographic metal site in the unit cell (where Bi, Sb and Na share the same atomic position). These mix of position sites provide the desirable lattice complexity with a totally random distribution of Na, Bi and Sb atoms. As expected, extremely low thermal conductivities at room temperature have been observed for the studied phases. The optical properties, solid-state 27Na NMR spectra, chemical and thermal stabilities are discussed.

Permanent magnets are used heavily for multiple applications in industry and current electronic technologies. However, the current permanent landscape is muddled by high cost of materials and insufficient magnetic or thermal properties. The primary focus of this dissertation work is the synthesis and optimization of a new permanent magnetic material, in the form of cobalt carbide nanomaterials. The optimization revolved around controlling the crystal phase and particle shape of synthesized cobalt carbide particles; these parameters have significant impact on the observed magnetic properties of magnetic nanoparticles. Co3C was identified to be the preferred crystal phase, leading to better magnetic properties. Cobalt Fumarate was found to be the ideal precursor to synthesize anisotropic Co3C particles and enhance magnetic properties of the synthesized cobalt carbide particles. Lastly, an ethanol based reduction system was employed to develop the greener synthesis of Co and Ni magnetic particles.

Quatro novos complexos mononucleares e um dinuclear de vanádio(IV) contendo ligantes do tipo imínico e carboxilato foram sintetizados e caracterizados através de diferentes técnicas espectroscópicas, UVNis, FT/IR e EPR, além de análise elementar, medidas de condutividade molar e, para alguns deles, análise termogravimétrica. Alguns deles foram obtidos como espécies neutras e outros, contendo grupos carboxilatos, foram isolados como espécies aniônicas, com contra-íons Na+ ou NH4+. Os complexos clássicos da literatura, largamente estudados e caracterizados, [VIVO(acac)2] e [VIvO(salen)], também foram sintetizados e caracterizados, a fim de comparar suas propriedades com aquelas dos novos complexos de vanádio(IV) sintetizados. Através das técnicas espectroscópicas, as principais bandas de transição e os principais grupos funcionais existentes nos complexos puderam ser verificados, bem como a simetria da estrutura geométrica e a confirmação do estado de oxidação do metal nos complexos. Além disso, através de medidas de condutividade molar e análise térmica foram confirmadas as razões estequiométricas ligante: metal em cada complexo, verificando-se, por exemplo, a natureza dimérica proposta para o complexo [VIVO(dbhab)] 2. / Some new vanadyl complexes, including four mononuclear and one dimeric species, were isolated and characterized by different spectroscopic techniques (UV/Vis, IR and EPR), in addition to elemental analysis, molar conductivity and, for a few ones, thermal analysis. Two of them were obtained as neutral compounds, and the others, withearboxylate ligands, as anionic species with sodium or ammonium as counter-ions. Additionally, the classical examples of vanadium complexes, [VIVO(acac)2] e [VIVO(salen)], already extensively studied in the literature, were prepared for comparison purposes. The main absorption bands in the UVNis and the characteristic ones at the IR spectra permitted the identification of the various complexes, while EPR spectroscopic data allowed to verify the oxidation state and the geometrical arrangements of the ligands around the metal center. Molar conductivity measurements and thermal analysis curves helped to determine the stoichiometric ratio ligand to metal, specially for the [VIVO(dbhab)]2 complex.

Quatro novos complexos mononucleares e um dinuclear de vanádio(IV) contendo ligantes do tipo imínico e carboxilato foram sintetizados e caracterizados através de diferentes técnicas espectroscópicas, UVNis, FT/IR e EPR, além de análise elementar, medidas de condutividade molar e, para alguns deles, análise termogravimétrica. Alguns deles foram obtidos como espécies neutras e outros, contendo grupos carboxilatos, foram isolados como espécies aniônicas, com contra-íons Na+ ou NH4+. Os complexos clássicos da literatura, largamente estudados e caracterizados, [VIVO(acac)2] e [VIvO(salen)], também foram sintetizados e caracterizados, a fim de comparar suas propriedades com aquelas dos novos complexos de vanádio(IV) sintetizados. Através das técnicas espectroscópicas, as principais bandas de transição e os principais grupos funcionais existentes nos complexos puderam ser verificados, bem como a simetria da estrutura geométrica e a confirmação do estado de oxidação do metal nos complexos. Além disso, através de medidas de condutividade molar e análise térmica foram confirmadas as razões estequiométricas ligante: metal em cada complexo, verificando-se, por exemplo, a natureza dimérica proposta para o complexo [VIVO(dbhab)] 2. / Some new vanadyl complexes, including four mononuclear and one dimeric species, were isolated and characterized by different spectroscopic techniques (UV/Vis, IR and EPR), in addition to elemental analysis, molar conductivity and, for a few ones, thermal analysis. Two of them were obtained as neutral compounds, and the others, withearboxylate ligands, as anionic species with sodium or ammonium as counter-ions. Additionally, the classical examples of vanadium complexes, [VIVO(acac)2] e [VIVO(salen)], already extensively studied in the literature, were prepared for comparison purposes. The main absorption bands in the UVNis and the characteristic ones at the IR spectra permitted the identification of the various complexes, while EPR spectroscopic data allowed to verify the oxidation state and the geometrical arrangements of the ligands around the metal center. Molar conductivity measurements and thermal analysis curves helped to determine the stoichiometric ratio ligand to metal, specially for the [VIVO(dbhab)]2 complex.

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