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Doctor Legum - LLD / This study analyzed the investigation and prosecution of corruption in Uganda. The study assessed the phenomena of corruption and how it can create an unjust society. It also examined the legal framework governing the investigation and prosecution of corruption in Uganda. The study thereafter discussed the institutional framework governing the investigation and prosecution of corruption in Uganda and its limitations. It further appraised the legal framework governing the private prosecution in Uganda. It also dealt with the possibility of using private prosecutions to fight corruption, where public institutions charged with the duty are weak or have been compromised by an undemocratic environment within which they are situated.

Examensarbete.

Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι να παρουσιάσει το θεωρητικό πλαίσιο, που έχει αναπτυχθεί για τις συλλογικές διαπραγματεύσεις. Επίσης, παρουσιάζει τις διεθνείς εμπειρικές ενδείξεις, αναφορικά με τις επιδράσεις των διαφόρων διαπραγματευτικών παραμέτρων, στα μακροοικονομικά και μικροοικονομικά μεγέθη της οικονομίας. Παρουσιάζεται, τέλος, το θεσμικό πλαίσιο των συλλογικών διαπραγματεύσεων, που επικρατεί σε διάφορες χώρες του ΟΟΣΑ, εστιάζοντας, με μια λεπτομερέστερη προσέγγιση, στην περίπτωση της Ελλάδας. Τα βασικά συμπεράσματα είναι ότι, η υψηλή συνδικαλιστική πυκνότητα, η υψηλή διαπραγματευτική κάλυψη και ο υψηλός βαθμός συντονισμού/ συγκέντρωση μειώνουν τις μισθολογικές ανισότητες. Η υψηλή πυκνότητα και διαπραγματευτική κάλυψη, από την άλλη, αυξάνουν την ανεργία, ενώ ο συντονισμός την μειώνει. Στις Αγγλοσαξονικές χώρες επικρατεί καθεστώς επιχειρησιακών διαπραγματεύσεων ενώ, στις χώρες της Ηπειρωτικής Ευρώπης, πιο συγκεντρωτικά καθεστώτα. Στην Ελλάδα, υπάρχει υψηλός βαθμός συγκέντρωσης, και οι τελευταίες κρατικές παρεμβάσεις οδήγησαν σε ευκαμψία μισθών προς τα κάτω. / -

The aim of this thesis is to observe the EU's institutional system from the viewpoint of its effectivity and impact on the economic growth and various trasnmission mechanisms. The EU is a group consisting of 27 countries from different cultural backgrounds, with different national mentalitities, economic, social and politic systems. The economical and political integration is not taking place in a spontaneous way, as a process of continuous cognition, analysis and learning from mistakes, but according to a plan comming from upper political levels and with emphasis on the aims more than on the means. In the EU there are at least 2 levels of legislature, executive and jurisdiction, each on the national and supranational level. The nature of these 2 levels is rather parallel than vertical. An important link and therefore effective feedback is missing between the supranational level and the national level represented through the vote of the population and the performance of the economic environment. Constructivistic efforts are encumbering the economy of the EU with balast, that can be understood as a pool of from the system arising ineffectivities. The result of this balast is an inhibition of the economic growth despite declarations to accelerate it. This thesis will observe these ineffectivities through a more detailed analysis of macroeconomic fields as are monetary policy, labour markets and tax systems. The emphasis will be put on concrete impacts of supranational policies on individual countries, areas inside the EU and the EU as a whole. The USA will serve as a benchmark, because the EU has the ambition to get ahead of them as the world largest economy and that by the year 2010. The nature of these ineffectivities is of a rather hidden nature and therefore I will preffer the studying of literature in fields of interest as a mean of identifying the ineffectivities rather than atual quantifications.

This thesis aims to outline an overview of the institutionalization of sports activities talented young people of the Czech Republic and Austria. Work should introduce basic legal documents relating to the country and provide the basic institutional framework for sport in the Czech Republic and Austria. The main objective is to compare the Austrian and Czech system of care for talented young people, to find similarities or differences and propose any recommendations. Both of the above countries are members of the European Union and other international organizations, are similar in population and area, and in part, also underwent common historical development, and therefore are only minimally culturally different

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / The thesis focuses on the choice of technique as a key component in creating viable enterprises, including those controlled by their worker-members. A theoretical model of the choice of technique is presented, with its roots in the works of Pasinetti and others. Then a picture of the technological opportunities in the brick making industry is constructed through analyzing the actual technical choices made by a sample of firms in the industry. Implications for worker controlled enterprises are drawn throughout. The choice of technique function is shown to be more complex than is usually assumed. In the presence of uncertainty an enterprise has to search for a viable operating space rather than an optimum position.. The decision making criteria are firm specific decision rules built up over time. As such the enterprise can be viewed as 'embodied learning', with the power relations which characterise all social organisations. When making a choice, the enterprise has to reconcile the conflicting requirements of the technological system, the effective demand criteria and the the context in which the technique will operate. A key component of this context is the nature of the enterprise, the learning embodied in it, and the resources it possesses. The specific conditions within a worker controlled enterprise require changes to the institutional framework in which they can be successful. These are directly related to the distribution of income and the nature of the organisation of production. The former affects the capacity of a worker controlled enterprise to acquire human and physical resources required to invest in new techniques. The latter relates to the establishment of efficient management structures. The choice of technique in a sample of firms in the brick making industry in the Western Cape is investigated, and the technological opportunities and constraints analyzed. It is shown that smaller mechanised concrete masonry techniques seem to hold the most potential for a worker controlled enterprise under certain conditions. These conditions include particular state policies to foster the housing delivery systems geared towards small building contracts and squatter upgrading. These have to be supplemented with appropriate financing strategies and the provision of serviced land. The ability of worker controlled enterprises to attract efficient management skills will most probably depend on their capacity to integrate horizontally, and in so doing create economies of scale in the provision of managerial resources. The viability of an enterprise will ultimately depend on whether it is able to adopt a technique which can deliver the products wi th appropriate char act.erLst i cs , to a market segment which requires products of that nature at the cost required. In the Western Cape that growing market seems only to be possible in the sectors where housing is currently not affordable. Therefore, lack of effective demand places a limit on the viability of new enterprises until such time as state policies and the institutional context of land use and availability have been addressed.

A historical review of the ways business organizations in the United States have responded to demands that they improve their environmental performance reveals two clear outcomes: firms that effectively institutionalize improved environmental performance can garner significant strategic advantages for their efforts, and firms that do not often suffer severe legal consequences. Thus, institutionalization is a pivotal organizational process which determines whether a firm's environmental performance results in improved operating efficiency and market opportunities or in increased legal and regulatory hassles. In this paper, we use a survey and case-law review to investigate the degree to which improved environmental performance is being institutionalized in US firms and to determine what the potential legal consequences are for firms that fail to achieve such institutionalization. Our findings suggest that firms in US industry have made considerable efforts to institutionalize improved environmental performance, but they still have a long way to go. Unfortunately, our findings also suggest that failing to effectively institutionalize environmental performance has the potential for dire consequences, such as jail terms for strategic managers for environmental violations by subordinates.

The purpose of the study is to examine the motivating factors of IT middle managers who work on implementing change in their organizations. The study will be based on a framework of knowledge to assess a comparative analysis of motivation. Previous research mostly focuses on motivating employees through a manager’s choice of theories; there is little research done from a middle management focus especially on the motivation within the IT industry, motivation in relation to levels of management, and how countries may compare to each other with motivation. While it may be evident that motivations will differ, it will be difficult to prove that motivators are affected by their institutional frameworks. Conducted interviews will aid in understanding and analysing how these individuals motivate themselves either intrinsically or extrinsically and come to discuss how several factors led to such results. The study gap in this area may help in understanding IT middle managers willingness to continue working on change projects as well as create conclusions that top management may find useful in motivating those left to carry out their goals.

The case study explores how leveraging on experience, risk and control can be used to enhance a late-entrant globalisation strategy.