<p> The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to determine practice and feedback strategies used by instructional designers when creating synchronous online instruction. Practice and feedback have survived through many modes of learning including classroom, asynchronous online learning, and synchronous online learning. The research design consisted of open-ended questions administered during a telephone interview. A pre-qualifying questionnaire was posted on social media to recruit participants to determine the sample population; the qualifying survey produced 14 participants who met the requirements to participate in a telephone interview. The participants answered nine questions during the phone interview. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded. Based on the participant responses, five themes emerged. The results of the study contribute to the field of instructional design by providing suggestions of the current use of practice and feedback in synchronous online instruction and how they use motivation strategies to encourage adult learner participation. Similarities were found between the results and reviewed literature. This study was limited by only interviewing instructional designers who work, or have worked, in a hospital environment. Suggestions for future research would be to repeat this study on a larger scale by recruiting more participants that work in different work environments as an industry, higher education, and computer technology.</p><p>

<p> Instructional design (ID) is not a process that happens linearly as prescribed in models. Designers have a critical role of using their design judgment in design and shaping the practice. In the past decade, studies focusing on instructional designers in design have been identified and interest toward design judgment in ID practice has been increasing. However, how ID students exercise design judgment and how their design judgments develop have remained unexplored. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore ID students&rsquo; exercise and development of design judgment over a semester when working on design projects.</p><p> In this study, a qualitative, multi-case study design was employed. The participants were ID students in master&rsquo;s level introductory ID courses from different institutions in the USA. Data sources included course syllabi, course materials, students&rsquo; design projects, design reports, and semi-structured interviews conducted in the middle and end of their courses.</p><p> The findings in terms of ID students&rsquo; design judgment exercise revealed that students make design judgments continuously during their design processes and different types of design judgment were made concurrently. It was found that their design judgment was shaped by external factors and when making design judgment they used their experience. In terms of students&rsquo; design judgment development, the findings indicated that students&rsquo; design judgment developed slightly by the end of semester and their design judgment development varied by person. However, most of them were still identified as novice designers. The findings also suggested that design judgment can be developed with practice over time. To support ID students&rsquo; design judgment development, recommendations were made for ID education including increasing awareness of design judgment, considering the nature of design projects given to students, providing opportunities for reflection, considering instructional strategies such as peer review and mentoring and shifting to studio-based ID education.</p><p>

The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify the systems, structures, and behaviors district leaders employ and enact to assist elementary school principals' relationship with their school instructional coach. Through the synthesis of current research, the conceptual framework was developed with a focus on district leadership behaviors and instructional coaching programs. The conceptual framework consisted of professional capital theory, instructional coaching model, and principal leadership skills. This study assessed the perceptions of six instructional coaches, six elementary principals, and three district leaders from Comet ISD regarding the specific behaviors district leaders use to support the relationship between the school principal and instructional coach. The three-part data collection process included document analysis, face-to-face interviews, and focus group interviews to support the triangulation of data. Through the a priori coding process, four themes emerged that identified key district structures and leadership behaviors needed to support the relationship between the school principal and instructional coach: program clarity, principal leadership skills, professional learning opportunities, and culture of continuous learning. This study revealed a specific need to understand program implementation, accountability, and evaluation of the effectiveness of the instructional coaching program in a fast-growth district.

No description available.

No description available.

This dissertation in practice utilized a sequential mixed methods research design to investigate the performance or exclusion of instructional design activities commonly prescribed by instructional design models during a typical instructional design project. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of instructional design activities by practicing instructional designers with the performance of an experienced instructional designer to determine if instructional design models are being used to guide the practice of instructional design. In this study, quantitative data was collected from a sample of 224 instructional designers to determine the activities routinely performed and excluded from typical projects. Qualitative data was collected from a single case study of an instructional design project to assess whether or not the performance or exclusion of the same instructional design activities were identified in the work of an experienced instructional designer. Analysis of the data revealed the activities that are not routinely performed by instructional designers, reasons for the exclusion of activities, and possible factors for the decisions to exclude activities. The findings of this study indicate instructional designers may be sacrificing the quality and effectiveness of instruction in an attempt to increase the pace and reduce the cost of the instructional design process. The study concluded that instructional designers are not following the prescriptions of instructional design models during the practice of instructional design by routinely eliminating the fundamental activities involving the development of learner assessments, the performance of formative evaluations during the instructional design process, and summative evaluations after the implementation of the instruction.

Increasing technology intervention in rural schools is still a herculean task, especially with the lack of adequate infrastructures and limited resources. The purpose of this quantitative, causal comparative study was to determine the impact of technology interventions on student achievement in rural Nigerian schools. The study explored the differences in student achievement in mathematics and English between technology and nontechnology schools and established a relationship between teachers' level of technology implementation and student achievement. The convenience sample comprised 2,369 examination scores in mathematics and English of Senior Secondary Level 2 (SS2) students and purposive sampling of 34 teachers who participated in an online survey. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), the level of technology implementation (LoTi) framework, and Pearson's correlation coefficient test. The results showed significant differences in student achievement between technology and nontechnology schools. However, the LoTi framework results indicated a low level of technology implementation in classroom instruction and no significant relationship between teachers' technology integration and student performance. Thus, the mere presence of technology seems to have more impact on student grades than the ways in which teachers use it. This study is resource material for stakeholders in education to ascertain the technology that worked best, teachers' professional development, and other infrastructures, prior to the deployment of technology interventions. The results could be useful for increasing teachers' technology integration and improving student performance, thereby leading to positive social change.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--University of Tulsa, 1987. / Bibliography: leaves 71-76.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--University of Tulsa, 1987. / Bibliography: leaves 71-76.

The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) for social studies are based on critical thinking and literacy skills. These new mandates are expected to lead to curricular and instructional changes within social studies classes. This qualitative study explored how the CCSS might have impacted the curricular and instructional decision-making of middle school social studies teachers and ultimately how the CCSS might affect a teacher’s gatekeeping role. As the CCSS initiative is fairly new, there is little research on the instructional practices being used to support the needs of teachers implementing these new standards in their classrooms as well as the processes, challenges, and successes teachers experience in addressing the CCSS in their classrooms. This study fills the gap of information lodged between a policy mandate and implementation in the classroom by contributing to the literature in the area of social studies education and the types of instruction social studies teachers may use to achieve the goals within the CCSS. Data gleaned from this study demonstrates that the CCSS had an influence on teachers’ instructional and curricular decision-making. CCSS influenced teachers’ decision-making in three domains: teacher beliefs ((individual teacher’s beliefs regarding the CCSS, including his or her personal beliefs regarding the CCSS and self-confidence to teach the skills associated with the CCSS), student assessment (the connection between standardized assessments and the CSSS), and best practices (recommended best practices by CCSS that were already being used in the classroom). As a result, teachers increased the number of the types of instructional strategies that focused on the critical thinking skills advocated by CCSS such as analyzing primary and secondary sources and using evidence from multiple sources to complete a Document Based Question (DBQ). The study also revealed that teachers felt inadequately prepared to fully implement the CCSS in their classrooms due to insufficient teacher education geared to CCSS, resources, and inconsistencies of the focus of the CCSS within participants’ Professional Learning Communities.