This study focuses on the relation between the picareque genre and the way in which guilt is processed in literature. André Brink’s Inteendeel (On the contrary) was used in this examination and also, for a wider perspective than merely the South African situation, Arthur Japin’s De zwarte met het witte hart (The two hearts of Aquasi Boachi). The possibilities offerd by the picaresque in order to investigate the manifestation of guilt in literary texts were explored with the theories of, inter alia, Wicks, Ricoeur and Todorov. Tracing the origins of the picaresque reveals that this type of text exhibits specific characteristics, e.g. an unethical attitude that is usually imposed on the individual by a society in crisis – “guilt” and a confessional tone are therefore intrinsically part of the picaresque. Using Wicks’s modal-generic approach, the two novels are examined with the purpose of determining their degree of “picaresqueness” to test the validity of the hypothesis, i.e. that the more a text displays picaresque characteristics, the more the issue of guilt would be a central theme to that text. In the two novels relevant to this study, colonial guilt is the main form of guilt examined. / Prof. W. Burger

M.A. / This dissertation explores On The Contrary by Andre P. Brink against the backdrop of creative reading with emphasis on interpretation of the text as a process rather than as a product. The title On The Contrary is already indicative of the author's intention to unlock a myriad of interpretative possibilities in stead of tangibilitating a conclusion. The title also illuminates the principle that what is written is not necessarily what is said, that none of the content is cast in concrete and that the work concerns itself with the offering of contrasts: truth and untruth, imagination and reality, guilt and innocence. A symbiosis of dualism and parallelism is portrayed in order to enrich the potential for multiple text interpretations. Various texts are incorporated into the text of On The Contrary on an inter-textual basis, for the purpose of facilitating the interpretative process in an explicit and/or implicit manner. This study investigates and discusses the following three specific texts: • Don Quijote by Cervantes. Several explicit references are made to this canonised novel of Western literature, but it is the subtle, implied similarities between the lives of the characters Estienne Barbier and Don Quojote that serve as interpretative keys. • Jeanne d' Arc and her history. • The life history of Estienne Barbier, the historical 18 th century Cape figure. Remarkable documented similarities between the historical characters, Barbier and Jeanne d'Arc invite the analytical reader to try and establish the extent and purpose of incorporating the Jeanne d'Arc text into On The Contrary. Through the process of creative reading, the reader's assessment and understanding of Estienne Barbier, as a character in the novel, is moulded and formed by the life story and philosophy of Jeanne d'Arc. Barbier is constructed from a compound of historical facts and fictitious incidents. Historical "gaps" in the life of Estienne Barbier are compensated for through the introduction of elements from the life history and philosophy of Jeanne d'Arc. To that extent Barbier is a consequential character whose life and philosophy inextricably reflects examples derived from Jeanne d'Arc. The inter-textual process imbues a linear Estienne Barbier with depth in regard to the events that effect him and allows him to grow in the eyes of the reader, through fruitful application of parallels between the histories of Jeanne d'Arc and Estienne Barbier. The use of Jeanne d'Arc inter-textually and the virtual "retelling" of Jeanne, profoundly tell the story of a rebellious Barbier's "crusade" in pursuit of righteousness. In similar fashion the historical character Estienne Barbier is "told" into the romantic character Barbier in an attempt to transcend from imagination to reality. The reinterpretation of history, with the view of arriving at an alternative historical interpretation, becomes possible through the use of fiction. In primary instance this study investigates the manner in which the abovementioned three texts are incorporated inter-textually in the novel On The Contrary. Secondly an attempt is made to identify the narrative strategies that are used to arrive at a possible interpretation of the text and lastly it indulges in an exploration of the healing effect that the process of (imaginary) storytelling has in the lives of characters such as Don Quijote and Estienne Barbier.

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / In hierdie navorsingsverslag word die representasie van die reg en die verskynsel van die verhoor as romangegewe in enkele tekste van André P. Brink ondersoek. Die studie vind plaas binne die interdissiplinêre konteks van die reg en die letterkunde. Die studie: (i) fokus op die rol wat die reg in die literêre teks vervul; (ii) ondersoek uitbeeldings van die verhoor soos wat dit in Brink se romankuns aangetref word; en (iii) ondersoek die fiksionalisering van historiese en dokumentêre regsbronne met spesifieke verwysing na sekere eksemplariese Brink-­‐romans. / In this research report, representations of the law and of the trial, as embedded in certain novels by André P. Brink, are explored. The study is structured within the interdisciplinary field of law and literature. This study: (i) focuses on the role of law within the literary text; (ii) explores the legal delineation of a trial in novels by Brink; and (iii) explores the fictionalisation of historic and documentary judicatory resources with specific reference to exemplary texts by Brink. / Afrikaans & Theory of Literature / M.A. (Afrikaans)

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / In hierdie navorsingsverslag word die representasie van die reg en die verskynsel van die verhoor as romangegewe in enkele tekste van André P. Brink ondersoek. Die studie vind plaas binne die interdissiplinêre konteks van die reg en die letterkunde. Die studie: (i) fokus op die rol wat die reg in die literêre teks vervul; (ii) ondersoek uitbeeldings van die verhoor soos wat dit in Brink se romankuns aangetref word; en (iii) ondersoek die fiksionalisering van historiese en dokumentêre regsbronne met spesifieke verwysing na sekere eksemplariese Brink-­‐romans. / In this research report, representations of the law and of the trial, as embedded in certain novels by André P. Brink, are explored. The study is structured within the interdisciplinary field of law and literature. This study: (i) focuses on the role of law within the literary text; (ii) explores the legal delineation of a trial in novels by Brink; and (iii) explores the fictionalisation of historic and documentary judicatory resources with specific reference to exemplary texts by Brink. / Afrikaans and Theory of Literature / M.A. (Afrikaans)