Main purpose of the paper is to present high-response hydraulic linear drive, which is controlled with new digital piezo valve and where the new position transducer is integrated as a part of hydraulic cylinder. Hydraulic digital piezo valve with main static and dynamic characteristics as well as its functionality is presented in detail. The main static and dynamic characteristics of dygital piezo valve which influence directly on the linear drive performance are high resolution of the volume flow rate and high resposne of the valve. Beside valve characteristics the new integrated position transducer, the digital controller and control method, presented in the paper, have major impact on linear drive preformance. At the end of the paper the step response and position resolution of the hydraulic linear drive controlled with the new digital valve is compared with the results of reference hydraulic drive controlled with high response proportional valve.

Dans la nature, des moteurs moléculaires tells que l'ATP synthase ou la kinésine peuvent consommer de l'énergie pour générer du mouvement et ainsi assurer des fonctions essentielles comme le transport ou la synthèse de molécules. La préparation de moteurs artificiels capables de fournir un travail à différentes échelles est un défi important pour les chimistes. Dans ce travail, nous avons conçu et synthétisé de manière stéréosélective un moteur moléculaire unidirectionnel et hautement fonctionnalisé à l'échelle du gramme. La fonctionnalisation orthogonale du moteur permet de l'intégrer dans des matériaux polymères. Grâce à une réaction de "click" réalisée sous différentes conditions de dilution, nous avons pu obtenir soit une macromolécule bicyclique en forme de 8 soit un gel de polymers dont les moteurs constituent les points de réticulation. Sous irradiation UV, les moteurs tournent ce qui enroule les chaines de polymers. Pour le bicycle, la taille caractéristique de la macromolécule diminue tandis que la morphologie évolue vers une pelote étirée. Dans le cas du gel, suite à la rotation des moteurs, l'enroulement des chaines conduit à une contraction du gel de l'ordre de 80% en volume. C'est le premier exemple d'intégration de mouvements moléculaires hors équilibre résultant en une réponse observable à l'échelle macroscopique. Ce travail ouvre des perspectives intéressantes dans le domaine des nanotechnologies ainsi que dans celui de l'énergie. / Natural molecular motors such as ATP synthase, myosin, kinesin and dynein can convert conformationalchanges, due to chemical energy input, into directed motion for catalysis and transport. Preparing artificial molecular motors and making them work at different scales (from nano to macroscopic scale) have been long-term challenges. Herein we designed and synthesized a light driven rotary molecular motor in highly enantiopure form and in gram scale. This motor is featured by two orthogonal functionalities on its upper and lower part, allowing its further integration into polymeric materials. By performing click reaction under different concentration conditions, either an eight shaped motor-polymer conjugate or a gel containing motors as reticulation units could be obtained. Upon UV irradiation, the polymer chains could be entangled due to the rotation of this motor. For eight shaped polymer, the dimension was changed towards smaller dimension, and the morphology was changed from cycle to collapsed coils (spherical or more elongated). For the gel, due to the twisting of polymer chains induced by the rotation of the motor, it could be contracted significantly (80 %) compared with its original volume. The integration of machines which display motions out of equilibrium at nanoscale to movement in the macroscopic world which is extensively used in natural systems will open very interesting prospects in nanotechnology for further developments.

Main purpose of the paper is to present high-response hydraulic linear drive, which is controlled with new digital piezo valve and where the new position transducer is integrated as a part of hydraulic cylinder. Hydraulic digital piezo valve with main static and dynamic characteristics as well as its functionality is presented in detail. The main static and dynamic characteristics of dygital piezo valve which influence directly on the linear drive performance are high resolution of the volume flow rate and high resposne of the valve. Beside valve characteristics the new integrated position transducer, the digital controller and control method, presented in the paper, have major impact on linear drive preformance. At the end of the paper the step response and position resolution of the hydraulic linear drive controlled with the new digital valve is compared with the results of reference hydraulic drive controlled with high response proportional valve.

As futuras utilizações de sistemas de controle em automóveis seguirão a tendência de integração, através do desenvolvimento de sistemas de controle integrados capazes de coordenar as ações dos vários subsistemas que compõem o veículo. Esta coordenação e integração requerem que as integrações entre os subsistemas sejam levadas em conta já nos primeiros estágios de projeto, levando ao desenvolvimento de modelos completos de veículos. Neste sentido, o comportamento dinâmico de um veículo de quatro rodas é analisado através de técnicas de modelagem de sistemas multicorpos utilizando-se o programa ADAMS. Posteriormente, são gerados modelos lineares obtidos através do Jacobiano das equações do modelo original, resultando em uma gama de equações na forma de espaço de estados. O modelo linearizado é então submetido a vários tipos de simulações e os resultados são comparados às respostas do modelo não linear de modo a validar as aproximações lineares em diferentes condições de operação do veículo. São também desenvolvidos dois sistemas de controle de suspensão baseados em técnicas de controle ótimo como duas diferentes abordagens: um controlador skyhook que foi implementado no modelo não linear desenvolvido no ADAMS e um controle de suspensão baseado em um controlador RLQ (Regulador Linear Quadrático), com realimentação de saída que utiliza os modelos linearizados na forma de espaço de estados, sendo este último implementado através da co-simulação ADAMS/Matlab. O sistema de controle de suspensão desenvolvido é um primeiro passo na tentativa de projeto de um sistema de controle integrado do movimento. / Future applications of control in automotive vehicles will follow a trend towards system integration, leading ultimately to the development of integrated vehicle control systems capable of coordinating the action of the various subsystems. The coordination and integration of automotive vehicle subsystems require the interaction amongst the various subsystems to be taken into consideration at the control design stages, resulting in full vehicle models. Therefore, a nonlinear 10 degree of freedom model is obtained through MBS modelling techniques present in ADAMS package software. Then, a linear model is obtained by linearization of the system equations through the Jacobian facility also present in ADAMS. The resulting linearised models are simulated and their response are compared to the previous non-linear one in order to validate the linear approximations. This work also presents two distincts suspension control systems based in optimal control theory: a skyhook controler designed at ADAMS (with the non-linear vehicle model) and a LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator) with output feedback based on the state space linear vehicle model. This last one was designed through ADAMS/Matlab co-simulation facilities. This designed suspension control is a first attempt to future developments of integrated vehicle control.

As futuras utilizações de sistemas de controle em automóveis seguirão a tendência de integração, através do desenvolvimento de sistemas de controle integrados capazes de coordenar as ações dos vários subsistemas que compõem o veículo. Esta coordenação e integração requerem que as integrações entre os subsistemas sejam levadas em conta já nos primeiros estágios de projeto, levando ao desenvolvimento de modelos completos de veículos. Neste sentido, o comportamento dinâmico de um veículo de quatro rodas é analisado através de técnicas de modelagem de sistemas multicorpos utilizando-se o programa ADAMS. Posteriormente, são gerados modelos lineares obtidos através do Jacobiano das equações do modelo original, resultando em uma gama de equações na forma de espaço de estados. O modelo linearizado é então submetido a vários tipos de simulações e os resultados são comparados às respostas do modelo não linear de modo a validar as aproximações lineares em diferentes condições de operação do veículo. São também desenvolvidos dois sistemas de controle de suspensão baseados em técnicas de controle ótimo como duas diferentes abordagens: um controlador skyhook que foi implementado no modelo não linear desenvolvido no ADAMS e um controle de suspensão baseado em um controlador RLQ (Regulador Linear Quadrático), com realimentação de saída que utiliza os modelos linearizados na forma de espaço de estados, sendo este último implementado através da co-simulação ADAMS/Matlab. O sistema de controle de suspensão desenvolvido é um primeiro passo na tentativa de projeto de um sistema de controle integrado do movimento. / Future applications of control in automotive vehicles will follow a trend towards system integration, leading ultimately to the development of integrated vehicle control systems capable of coordinating the action of the various subsystems. The coordination and integration of automotive vehicle subsystems require the interaction amongst the various subsystems to be taken into consideration at the control design stages, resulting in full vehicle models. Therefore, a nonlinear 10 degree of freedom model is obtained through MBS modelling techniques present in ADAMS package software. Then, a linear model is obtained by linearization of the system equations through the Jacobian facility also present in ADAMS. The resulting linearised models are simulated and their response are compared to the previous non-linear one in order to validate the linear approximations. This work also presents two distincts suspension control systems based in optimal control theory: a skyhook controler designed at ADAMS (with the non-linear vehicle model) and a LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator) with output feedback based on the state space linear vehicle model. This last one was designed through ADAMS/Matlab co-simulation facilities. This designed suspension control is a first attempt to future developments of integrated vehicle control.