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Application of a Network Model for Complex Fenestration SystemsRogalsky, Christine Jane January 2011 (has links)
In the fight to reduce carbon emissions, it is easy to see the necessity of reducing energy consumption. Buildings consume a large amount of energy, and have significant potential for energy savings. One tool for realising these potential savings is building simulation. To be able to use building simulation, accurate models for windows are needed. The models include individual layer models, to determine the solar and longwave radiative behaviours,
as well as whole-system models to determine heat flows through the various layers of
fenestration systems.
This thesis looks at both kinds of models for incorporating windows into building
simulations. A new network whole-system model is implemented, and integrated into the
California Simulation Engine building simulation software. This model is also used as the calculation engine for a stand-alone rating tool. Additionally, a measurement technique used to measure off-normal solar properties of drapery materials, as part of developing shading layer models, is investigated using a Monte Carlo simulation.
The network model uses a very general resistance network, allowing heat transfer between any two layers in a complex fenestration system (CFS), whether they are adjacent or not, between any layer and the indoor or outdoor side, or between the indoor and outdoor sides, although this last case is unlikely. Convective and radiative heat transfer are treated using the same format, resulting in increased stability. This general resistance network is
used to calculate indices of merit for the CFS using numerical experiments. This approach requires fewer iterations to solve than previous solution methods, and is more
flexible.
The off-normal measurement technique which was investigated used a sample holder
inserted into an integrating sphere. This is a non-standard way of using an integrating
sphere, and early analyses did not provide conclusive information as to the effect of the sample holder. A Monte Carlo analysis confirmed the amount of beam attenuation as being 20% for the sample holder used in the experiments. Also con firmed was the effectiveness of dual-beam integrating spheres in correcting for the presence of a sample holder.
The stand-alone rating tool which uses the general network framework, incorporates
an easy-to-use visual interface. This tool models multiple types of shading layers with
no restrictions on how they are combined. Users can easily change any one layer to see
the effects of different arrangements. Users may specify any combination of indoor and
outdoor ambient and mean radiant temperatures, insolation, and beam/diffuse split.
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Application of a Network Model for Complex Fenestration SystemsRogalsky, Christine Jane January 2011 (has links)
In the fight to reduce carbon emissions, it is easy to see the necessity of reducing energy consumption. Buildings consume a large amount of energy, and have significant potential for energy savings. One tool for realising these potential savings is building simulation. To be able to use building simulation, accurate models for windows are needed. The models include individual layer models, to determine the solar and longwave radiative behaviours,
as well as whole-system models to determine heat flows through the various layers of
fenestration systems.
This thesis looks at both kinds of models for incorporating windows into building
simulations. A new network whole-system model is implemented, and integrated into the
California Simulation Engine building simulation software. This model is also used as the calculation engine for a stand-alone rating tool. Additionally, a measurement technique used to measure off-normal solar properties of drapery materials, as part of developing shading layer models, is investigated using a Monte Carlo simulation.
The network model uses a very general resistance network, allowing heat transfer between any two layers in a complex fenestration system (CFS), whether they are adjacent or not, between any layer and the indoor or outdoor side, or between the indoor and outdoor sides, although this last case is unlikely. Convective and radiative heat transfer are treated using the same format, resulting in increased stability. This general resistance network is
used to calculate indices of merit for the CFS using numerical experiments. This approach requires fewer iterations to solve than previous solution methods, and is more
flexible.
The off-normal measurement technique which was investigated used a sample holder
inserted into an integrating sphere. This is a non-standard way of using an integrating
sphere, and early analyses did not provide conclusive information as to the effect of the sample holder. A Monte Carlo analysis confirmed the amount of beam attenuation as being 20% for the sample holder used in the experiments. Also con firmed was the effectiveness of dual-beam integrating spheres in correcting for the presence of a sample holder.
The stand-alone rating tool which uses the general network framework, incorporates
an easy-to-use visual interface. This tool models multiple types of shading layers with
no restrictions on how they are combined. Users can easily change any one layer to see
the effects of different arrangements. Users may specify any combination of indoor and
outdoor ambient and mean radiant temperatures, insolation, and beam/diffuse split.
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Double integrating spheres: A method for assessment of optical properties of biological tissues / Double integrating spheres: A method for assessment of optical properties of biological tissuesPoppendieck, Wigand January 2004 (has links)
The determination of the optical properties of biological tissue is an important issue in laser medicine. The optical properties define the tissue´s absorption and scattering behaviour, and can be expressed by quantities such as the albedo, the optical thickness and the anisotropy coefficient. During this project, a measurement system for the determination of the optical properties was built up. The system consists of a double integrating sphere set-up to perform the necessary reflection and transmission measurements, and a computer algorithm to calculate the optical properties from the measured data. This algorithm is called Inverse Adding Doubling method, and is based on a one-dimensional transport model. First measurements were conducted with the system, including measurements with phantom media (Intralipid-ink solutions) and with cartilage samples taken from the human knee joint. This work also includes an investigation about the preparation of tissue samples for optical measurements.
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The Effect of Baffles and Entrance Ports on the Measured Reflectance of Diffuse and Specular Samples in the Integrating SphereDuncan-Chamberlin, Katherine V. 03 June 2015 (has links)
No description available.
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Nejistoty měření ve fotometrii / Measurement uncertainties in photometryMotyčka, Martin January 2016 (has links)
This master's thesis is focused on problematic of measurent unceartainties in photometry. Theoretical part describes photometric measururing instruments, their uncearnities and limitations. In the second part of this thesis there is a mathematical description of calculating uncearnities in laboratory conditions. In practical part there are calculations of uncearnities for photometric instruments at light laboraty VUT Brno.
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Measuring Snow Specific Surface Area Finding the True Margins of Error of the IceCubeMeyer, Kaitlin 09 August 2023 (has links)
No description available.
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