Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-11-24. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:26:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 Publico-393.pdf: 1637068 bytes, checksum: 4fe3757007f6a049eac930eb08b63c88 (MD5) / O melanoma é o tipo de câncer de pele menos frequente, mas que tem um grande poder de letalidade devido ao seu potencial de formar metástases. Para as células adquirirem a capacidade de formar metástases, estas precisam ter a característica de sobreviver independente de interações com a matriz extracelular e consequentemente apresentar resistência ao anoikis. Por isso, a importância de se estudar as alterações que ocorrem com células tumorais que adquirem essa capacidade. Em nosso laboratório foi desenvolvido um modelo que nos permite estudar diferentes etapas da gênese do melanoma. Melanócitos murinos melan-a que sobreviveram depois de 1, 2, 3 e 4 ciclos de impedimento de ancoragem por 96 horas apresentaram modificações na morfologia e crescimento independente de PMA, e foram denominadas 1C, 2C, 3C e 4C, respectivamente. Diferentes linhagens de melanoma (4C11-, 4C11+, Tm1, Tm5, etc) foram estabelecidas após submeter os esferóides sobreviventes da 4C à diluição limitante. Dados prévios de nosso laboratório mostraram aumento da expressão de Timp1 ao longo da transformação maligna de melanócitos e aumento da resistência ao anoikis. Melanócitos melan-a superexpressando o gene Timp1 adquirem fenótipo de resistência ao anoikis. No entanto, o mecanismo pelo qual Timp1 medeia essa sinalização de sobrevivência não é conhecido. Dados da literatura mostram interação entre CD63, Timp1 e 1-integrinas em células epiteliais de mama humana e que essa interação regula processos fisiológicos como apoptose. Além disso, a glicosilação aberrante em moléculas de adesão celular, como integrinas, pode conferir às células capacidade de sobreviver em condições independentes de ancoragem. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a possível interação entre CD63, Timp1 e 1-integrinas ao longo da transformação maligna de melanócitos, a presença de N-glicosilação aberrante em β1-integrinas e o impacto da N-glicosilação aberrante na resistência ao anoikis. Observou-se interação entre CD63 e Timp1 e CD63 e 1-integrinas nas linhagens 4C, 4C11- e 4C11+, estabelecidas após ciclos de impedimento de ancoragem, já a interação entre Timp1 e 1-integrinas foi observada somente nas linhagens de melanoma 4C11- e 4C11+. A expressão de 1-integrinas na superfície celular está aumentada na linhagem de melanoma agressivo 4C11+, assim como a expressão de Mgat-V e N-glicosilação aberrante. Além disso, o perfil eletroforético da 1-integrina sugere que a mesma apresenta aumento de N-glicosilação aberrante na linhagem de melanoma metastático 4C11+. O tratamento de células de melanoma 4C11+ com o inibidor de N-glicosilação swainsonine resulta em menor capacidade destas células em resistir ao anoikis. Este parece ser o primeiro estudo descrevendo a interação entre Timp1, CD63 e 1-integrinas em células tumorais. Assim, o presente trabalho favorece o entendimento de como Timp1 regula resistência ao anoikis ao longo da transformação maligna de melanócitos. / Although malignant melanoma is the less frequently diagnosed skin cancer, it shows a poor prognosis due its chemoresistance and metastasis development. One of the adquired abilities of transformed cells is anoikis resistance and this property is closely related to metastasis formation. In our laboratory, we developed a model that allows us to study different steps of melanocyte malignant transformation. Melan-a melanocytes surviving after 1, 2, 3 and 4 deadhesion cycles showed modified morphology and independent PMA growth and have been named, 1C, 2C, 3C and 4C cells, respectively. Different melanoma cell lines were established after submitting 4C spheroids to limiting dilution. Previous results of our group showed increased expression of Timp1 along melanoma genesis and its correlation with anoikis resistance. However, the mechanism involved in this signaling is unknown. Published data demonstrated interaction between CD63, Timp1 and 1-integrins in human breast epithelial cells and its role in apoptosis. Furthermore, aberrant glycosylation in cell adhesion molecules such as integrins provides to cells the ability to survive under anchorage-independent conditions. The aim of this work was analyze the possible interaction among CD63, Timp1 and 1-integrins along melanocyte malignant transformation, possible aberrant N-glycosylation patterns of β1-integrins and their impact in anoikis resistance. Aberrant N-glycosylation patterns were observed in tumorigenic cells. We observed interaction between CD63 and Timp1 and between CD63 and 1-integrins in the melan-a-derived cells 4C, 4C11, and 4C11 +, and interaction between Timp1 and 1-integrins only in melanoma cell lines 4C11 - and 4C11 +. The presence of Timp1 in supernatant from 4C11+ conferred to melan-a cells anoikis resistance. The expression of 1-integrins in our study model is increased in aggressive melanoma lineage, 4C11+, as well as the expression of Mgat-V and aberrant N-glycosylation on cell surface. Moreover, the electrophoretic profile of  1-integrin suggests that melanoma metastatic 4C11+. Lineage present increased aberrant N-glycosylation in this molecule. Treatment of melanoma cells 4C11 + with the N-glycosylation inhibitor, swainsonine, resulted in reduced capacity of these cells to resist to anoikis. This seems to be the first study describing the interaction between Timp1, CD63 and 1-integrin in tumor cells and may contribute to a better understanding of how Timp1 regulates resistance to anoikis during the melanocyte malignant transformation. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

OBJECTIVES: The integrin α4β7 is the gut-homing receptor for lymphocytes. It also is an important co-receptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) via glycoprotein (gp)120 binding. Depletion of gut cluster of differentiation (CD)4 T cells is linked to chronic inflammation in patients with HIV; however, measuring CD4 cells in the gut is invasive and not routine. As such, establishing a peripheral marker for CD4 depletion of the gut is needed. We hypothesized that α4β7 CD4 T cells are depleted in the peripheral blood of treatment-naïve patients with HIV compared with healthy controls. METHODS: The study groups were treatment-naïve patients with HIV and uninfected controls. Subjects were included if they were 18 years or older with no history of opportunistic infections, active tuberculosis, or cancer. We collected peripheral blood and examined on whole blood using flow cytometry for the following cell surface markers: CD4, CD45RO, chemokine receptor type 5, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), and the integrin β7. We collected demographic information, including age, sex, and ethnicity, as well as viral load (VL) and CD4 count. Two-samplettests and Fisher exact tests were used to compare the differences between the two groups. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between CD4 count and log10-VL and percentage of CD4+/CD45RO+/β7+and log10-VL in patients. RESULTS: Twenty-two subjects were enrolled in the study (12 patients with HIV and 10 controls). There were no differences in age or sex between the two groups. There were more Hispanics and fewer Asians in the group comprising patients with HIV compared with the control group (7 vs 2 and 0 vs 4,P= 0.05, respectively). Patients infected with HIV had significantly lower frequencies of CD4+/CD45RO+/β7+cells (median 12%, range 5-18 compared with uninfected controls: median 20%, range 11-26,P= 0.0007). There was a statistically significant difference in the percentage of CD4+/CD45RO+/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4+cells between patients (72%, range 60%-91%) compared with controls (79%, range 72%-94%,P= 0.04). The percentage of CD4+/CD45RO+/chemokine receptor type 5+did not differ between the group of patients with HIV and the control groups (22%, range 11%-57% vs 27%, range 14%-31%;P= 0.8, respectively). There was no correlation between percentage of CD4+/CD45RO+/β+cells and log10-VL as measured by the Spearman correlation coefficient (r= 0.05,P= 0.88) in patients infected with HIV. CONCLUSIONS: Memory CD4 β7+cells are reduced significantly in the peripheral blood of untreated patients infected with HIV, which could be used as a noninvasive indicator of intestinal CD4 T cell loss and recovery. Further studies are needed to examine whether depletion of these CD4+/CD45RO+/β7+cells in the peripheral blood parallels depletion in the gut of treatment-naïve patients with HIV and whether levels return to control levels after treatment.