Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1987. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1987. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record.

Thesis (M.N.)--University of Alberta, 2009. / A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing. Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on September 4, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 436-460).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1992. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48-50).

Thesis--University of Oklahoma. / Bibliography: leaves 117-122.

A dor pode causar prejuízos ao neonato a curto, médio e longo prazo. Nesse contexto, é preciso que os profissionais das unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal implementem ações para minimizar a dor e o sofrimento do neonato, dentre elas, o reconhecimento da dor por sua avaliação. Os objetivos do estudo foram conhecer a experiência da enfermeira na utilização de instrumentos de avaliação da dor do neonato e identificar as facilidades e dificuldades encontradas pela enfermeira no uso desses instrumentos. É uma pesquisa qualitativa, seus dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, no total nove enfermeiras participantes. A orientação metodológica apoiou-se no Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo na organização dos dados, cujo agrupamento das Ideias Centrais similares originou os Discursos do Sujeito Coletivo que foram reunidos em dois temas: Dificuldades encontradas pela enfermeira na avaliação da dor em neonatos e Facilidades encontradas pela enfermeira na avaliação da dor em neonatos, que emergiram apoiados nas respostas da enfermeira que experienciou o uso do instrumento na avaliação de dor em neonatos. A impossibilidade do uso do instrumento é fato predominante na prática da enfermeira quando os neonatos estão sedados ou apresentam disfunções neurológicas. O acúmulo de atividades dispensadas à enfermeira somado ao déficit de recursos humanos, também, são razões verificadas como dificultadoras no uso do instrumento de avaliação. Nos relatos da enfermeira, observou-se que a falta de domínio nas situações em que o médico não prescreve o analgésico, apenas medidas não farmacológicas são insuficientes para o alívio da dor do neonato. O fato foi marcado por um sentimento de falta de autonomia da enfermeira bastante evidente. Notou-se, também, uma serie de dificuldades no uso do instrumento e na avaliação da dor do neonato, embora o instrumento facilite no sentido de alertar a equipe de saúde para a dor e possa gerar mudança no cuidado com o emprego de medidas não farmacológicas que busquem o conforto, diminuição da dor e do estresse do neonato / Pain is known to cause damage to neonates at short, middle and long term. In this context, it is mandatory that the health care professional that work at Neonatal Intensive Care Units implement suitable actions to minimize the neonates suffering. Among these actions, recognizing pain by means of its measurement is crucial. Therefore, the present study aimed to know the nurses experience while using tools to measure the neonates pain and to identity the nurses facilities and difficulties in using tools to measure the neonates pain. This is a qualitative research project whose data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews with nine nurses. The Discourse of the Collective Subject was used as the methodological framework to collect data. Grouping similar Main Ideas produced the themes of the Discourse of the Collective Subject. Thus, results are presented in two themes: Nurses difficulties to measure pain in neonates and nurses facilities to measure pain in neonates composed by the discourse of the collective subject which emerged from the answers provided by the nurses who used the tool to measure pain in neonates. The nurses reports show that the tool facilitates the care of neonates in pain. However, the impossibility to use the tool in certain situations, such as when the neonate is sedated or when he/she has neurological disorders seems to be regular occurrence in the nurses practice. Frequently, the nurses expectations to relieve the neonates pain are frustrated, because nurse applies the measurement tool, she detects the neonates pain but she depends on the doctors prescription for analgesic pharmacological drug. Its a result the nurse feels she doesnt have autonomy this producing frustration. Although the tool easier to alert the health care team for pain and can produce changes in care with the use of non pharmacological measures that seek comfort, reducing pain and stress of the newborn

<p>Uvod: Značajno mesto u morbiditetu nedono&scaron;čadi predstavljaju plućne bolesti. Ultrazvučnim (UZ) pregledom pluća može se smanjiti ukupna doza jonizujućeg zračenja kojoj su nedono&scaron;čad izložena u svakodnevnom kliničkom radu. Cilj: Ispitati povezanost između UZ nalaza na plućima i RTG nalaza i kliničkih parametara respiratornog statusa kod nedono&scaron;čadi. Utvrditi da li se UZ-om detektovane subpleuralne konsolidacije mogu morfolo&scaron;ki diferencirati. Utvrditi da li UZ nalaz na plućima pomaže neonatologu u proceni efekta terapije tokom lečenja nedono&scaron;čadi. Materijal i metode: Prospektivnim tipom jednogodi&scaron;njeg istraživanja obuhvaćeno je 100 nedono&scaron;čadi kojoj je nakon prijema na Odeljenje intenzivne nege i terapije (OINT) bio indikovan RTG snimak pluća. Za izvođenje UZ pregleda pluća kori&scaron;ćeni su Siemens Sonoline Adara i Siemens Sonoline Sienna UZ aparati. Kori&scaron;ćena je siva skala i konveksna sonda (5 MHz) i linearna sonda (7,5 MHz). Za ispitivanje korelacije između UZ nalaza na plućima i kliničkih parametara respiratornog statusa (FiO2, PCO2, SaO2) kori&scaron;ćen je Pearson-ov koeficijent korelacije. Posebno je ispitivana korelacija kod nedono&scaron;čadi koja su bila na mehaničkoj ventilaciji (MV) i kod nedono&scaron;čadi koja su bila na oksigenoterapiji (OxTh). Utvrđivanje razlika između UZ-om uočenih konsolidacija i RTG-om uočenih konsolidacija, urađeno je prebrojavanjem ukupnog broja uočenih konsolidacija svakom od dve navedene radiolo&scaron;ke metode i poređenjem prosečnog broja uočenih konsolidacija UZ-om, odnosno RTG-om. U svim statističkim testovima je kori&scaron;ćen je nivo značajnosti p&lt;0,05 i interval poverenja (CI) 95%. Rezultati: Kod nedono&scaron;čadi koja su bila na MV, kao i kod nedono&scaron;čadi na OxTh, postoji statistički značajna korelacija između UZ nalaza na plućima i kliničkih parametara respitatornog statusa (p&lt;0,001). Kod bolesnika na MV procenat podudaranja, odnosno nepodudaranja UZ nalaza i FiO2 iznosio je 81%, odnosno 19%. Procenat podudaranja, odnosno nepodudaranja UZ nalaza i PCO2 je bio 80%, odnosno 20%, dok je u slučaju SaO2 procenat podudaranja sa UZ nalazom bio 80%, a nepodudaranja 20%. Kod nedono&scaron;čadi na MV, procenat podudarnosti UZ nalaza na plućima i sva tri klinička parametra zabeležen je u 68%, sa dva klinička parametra u 21%, dok je u 11% zabeležena podudarnost samo sa jednim kliničkim parametrom. Kod nedono&scaron;čadi koja su bila na OxTh procenat podudaranja, odnosno nepodudaranja UZ nalaza i FiO2 iznosio je 94%, odnosno 6%. Procenat podudaranja, odnosno nepodudaranja UZ nalaza i PCO2 je bio 94%, odnosno 6%, dok je u slučaju SaO2 procenat podudaranja sa UZ nalazom bio 93%, a nepodudaranja 7%. Kod nedono&scaron;čadi na OxTh procenat podudarnosti UZ nalaza na plućima i sva tri klinička parametra zabeležen je u 85%, sa dva klinička parametra u 10%, dok je u 5% zabeležena podudarnost samo sa jednim kliničkim parametrom. Prosečan broj UZ-om uočenih konsolidacija po svakom pojedinačnom UZ pregledu pluća je bio 0,80, dok ih je na pojedinačnom RTG snimku uočeno 0,25. U 29% slučajeva konsolidacije su istovremeno uočene i UZ i RTG pregledom pluća, dok je u 71% slučajeva konsolidacije bilo moguće otkriti samo UZ pregledom pluća. Od ukupno 304 subpleuralnih konsolidacija koje su uočene UZ-om, u 172 slučaja (56,58%) je na osnovu prethodno klinički i/ili laboratorijski postavljene dijagnoze indirektno utvrđeno poreklo konsolidacije: u 125 slučajeva (72,67%) uzrok je bio atelektaza, u 39 slučajeva (22,67%) neonatalna pneumonija i u 8 slučajeva (4,66%) plućna hemoragija. Zaključci: Postoji statistički značajna korelacija između ultrazvučnog nalaza na plućima nedono&scaron;čadi i kliničkih parametara respiratornog statusa - FiO2, PaCO2 i SaO2, kako kod nedono&scaron;čadi na MV, tako i kod nedono&scaron;čadi na OxTh, zbog čega ultrazvučni nalaz na plućima može biti od pomoći neonatologu u praćenju efekta primenjene terapije. Na osnovu karakteristika ultrazvučno uočenih subpleuralnih konsolidacija nije moguće utvrditi njihovu etiologiju, već samo u korelaciji sa kliničkim i laboratorijskim nalazima. Ultrazvuk pluća je senzitivnija metoda za uočavanje subpleuralnih konsolidacija u odnosu na radiografiju pluća.</p> / <p>Introduction: Lung diseases play a major role in morbidity of premature neonates. Using lung ultrasound (LUS) as a diagnostic tool lowers the dose of ionizing radiation of prematures in every day clinical work. Objectives: To assay the interconnection between LUS and chest X ray (CXR) and clinical parameters of respiratory status (FiO2, PCO2 i SaO2) in prematures. To investigate the possibility of sonographic determination of etiology of subpleural consolidations based on their appearance. To determine whether LUS can be of clinical benefit to the neonatologist in assessing the effect of therapy used in treating prematures. Material and methods: Prospective one year study included 100 premature neonates who underwent a CXR exam after the admission in the Intensive care unit (ICU). Siemens Sonoline Adara i Siemens Sonoline Sienna US machines were used, as well as the gray scale, convex probe (5 MHz) and linear probe (7,5 MHz). Pearson correlation coefficient was used to test the interconnection between LUS and clinical parameters of respiratory status (FiO2, PCO2, SaO2). The test was performed separately for both prematures on mechanical ventilation (MV) and prematures on oxygen therapy (OxTh). Determination of differencies between consolidations seen on LUS and those seen on CXR was done by counting the number of consolidation detected with each method and by comparing the average number of consolidations detected with LUS and by CXR. The assessment of statistical significance was done using the p value, and the p value&lt;0,05 and the confidence interval (CI) of 95% was considered as statistically significant. Results: Statistically significant correlation (p&lt;0,001) was established between clinical parameters of respiratory status and LUS both in prematures on MV and on OxTh. The percentage of concurrence, or nonconcurrence of LUS and FiO2 was 81% and 19% (respectively). The percentage of concurrence, or nonconcurrence of LUS and PCO2 was 80% and 20% (respectively), while in case of SaO2 the percentage of concurrence with LUS was also 80% and the percentage of nonconcurrence was 20%. In the group of prematures on MV the percentage of concurrence of LUS with all three clinical parameters was in 68%, with two parameters the concurrence was evident in 21% and with a single clinical parameter in 11%. In prematures on OxTh, the percentage of concurrence, or nonconcurrence of LUS and FiO2 was 94% and 6% (respectively). The percentage of concurrence, or nonconcurrence of LUS and PCO2 was also 96% and 4% (respectively), while in case of SaO2 the percentage of concurrence with LUS was also 93% and the percentage of nonconcurrence was 7%. In the group of prematures on OxTh the percentage of concurrence of LUS with all three clinical parameters was in 85%, with two parameters the concurrence was evident in 10% and with a single clinical parameter in 5%. The mean number of subpleural consolidations detected by LUS per exam was 0.80. The mean number of consolidations detected on each CXR was 0.25. In 29%&nbsp; consolidations were detected both with LUS and CXR, but in 71% consolidations were only detected using LUS. 304 subpleural consolidations were seen on LUS, but only in 172 cases (56.58%) it was possible to determine the etiology of consolidations and this was done indirectly, in concordance with previously clinically and/or laboratory diagnosis: in 125 cases (72.67%) the origin was atelectasis, in 39 cases (22.67%) neonatal pneumonia and in 8% (4.66%) pulmonary haemorrhage. Conclusion: Statistically significant interconnection between LUS and clinical parameters of respiratory status &ndash; FiO2, PaCO2 i SaO2 exists both in MV prematures and prematures with oxygen supplementation. Previously mentioned suggests that LUS can be of use to neonatologist in following the effect of administred therapy in prematures. The origin of subpleural consolidations cannot be determined on the basis of their appereance or features seen on LUS. The etiology of sonographic subpleural consolidations can only be indirectly determined in correlation with clinical and laboratory findings. LUS is more sensitive than CXR in detecting subpleural consolidations.</p>

Diss. Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2006.

Thesis (M.N.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1999. / Typescript. Bibliography: p. 113-123.