Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-07-12T12:34:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1837599 bytes, checksum: d2338736f50fdbbb4ab396c6edc4ec8e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-12T12:34:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1837599 bytes, checksum: d2338736f50fdbbb4ab396c6edc4ec8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation aims to analyze if the human values explain the stereotypes of the adopted child and the intention to adopt. Two studies were carried out to achieve this objective. In study 1 aimed to elaborate the Stereotypes of Adopted Child Scale, gathering evidence of validity and precision. Participated 208 people from the general population of João Pessoa (PB), being 52.9% female, with an average age of 24.6 years (SD = 7.27). These answered the Stereotypes of the Adopted Child Scale (SACS) and sociodemographic questions. SPSS was used to perform the analyzes. A main components analysis (varimax rotation) identified a structure with three components that together explained 54.3% of the total variance, presenting satisfactory internal consistency indices: undesirable behaviors (α = .87), desirable behaviors (α = .83) and negative psychological attributes (α = .71). In study 2 tried to prove the structure of the SPSS, besides knowing the relation between human values, stereotypes and intention to adopt. In this study, 245 people from the general population of the city of João Pessoa (PB) participated, with a majority of males (59.2%), with an average age of 25.5 years (SD = 7.10). They answered the SPSS, the Basic Values Questionnaire and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Using a confirmatory factorial analysis, the three-dimensional structure of the SPSS was used to perform the analyzes [χ² (129) = 317,829; p < .001; Χ² / gl = 2.46, CFI = .90, TLI = .88 and RMSEA = .07 (IC 90% = .067 - .088)]. When performing the Person correlation analyzes, it was observed that the stereotypes of the adopted child correlated significantly and positively with the normative sub-functions (r = .66, p < .01) and existence (r = .17; p < .01); and negatively with the promotion subfunction (r = -.13, p < .05). The intention to adopt was positively correlated with the interactive subfunction (r = .16, p < .05) and negatively with the promotion subfunction (r = -.13, p < .05). When performing linear regressions (Stepwise Method), it was found that the achievement sub-function explained the undesirable behaviors (β = .13, t = 2.07 p < .001), the normative subfunction explained the desirable behaviors (β = .66; t = 13.86 p < .001) and negative psychological attributes (β = .48; t = 8.71 p < .001). Regarding the intention to adopt, it was possible to observe that the interactive subfunctions (β = .22, p < .05) and promotion (β = -.20, p < .05) were presented as the best predictors. It is concluded that human values constitute an important variable in explaining the stereotypes as well as in the intention to adopt. Providing empirical data for the development of interventions that seek to dismantle the negative stereotypes and biases surrounding adoption, especially the adopted child, thereby encouraging people to adopt. / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar se os valores humanos explicam os estereótipos da criança adotada e a intenção de adotar. Para alcançar tal objetivo foram realizados dois estudos. No estudo 1 objetivou-se elaborar a Escala de Estereótipos da Criança Adotada, reunindo evidências de validade e precisão. Participaram 208 pessoas da população geral de João Pessoa (PB), sendo 52,9% do sexo feminino, com idade média de 24,6 anos (DP = 7,27). Estas responderam a Escala de Estereótipos da Criança Adotada (EECA) e questões sociodemográficas. Para realizar as análises foi utilizado o SPSS. Uma análise de componentes principais (rotação varimax) identificou uma estrutura com três componentes que explicaram conjuntamente 54,3% da variância total, apresentando índices de consistência interna satisfatórios: comportamentos indesejáveis (α=0,87), comportamentos desejáveis (α=0,83) e atributos psicológicos negativos (α=0,71). No estudo 2 buscou-se comprovar a estrutura da EECA, além de conhecer a relação entre valores humanos, estereótipos e intenção de adotar. Participaram 245 pessoas da população geral da cidade de João Pessoa (PB), sendo a maioria do sexo masculino (59,2%), com idade média de 25,5 anos (DP =7,10). Estes responderam a EECA, o Questionário de Valores Básicos e um questionário sociodemográfico. Por meio de uma análise fatorial confirmatória foi ratificada a estrutura tridimensional da EECA [χ² (129) = 317, 829; p < 0,001; χ²/gl = 2,46, CFI = 0,90, TLI = 0,88 e RMSEA = 0,07 (IC90% = 0,067 – 0,088)]. Ao realizar as análises de correlação de Person, observou-se que os estereótipos da criança adotada se correlacionaram de forma significativa e positiva com as subfunções normativa (r = 0,66; p < 0,01) e existência (r = 0,17; p < 0,01); e negativamente com a subfunção realização (r = -0,13; p < 0,05). Já a intenção de adotar se correlacionou positivamente com a subfunção interativa (r = 0,16; p < 0,05) e negativamente com a subfunção realização (r = -0,13; p < 0,05). Ao realizar Regressões lineares (Método Stepwise), verificou-se que a subfunção realização explicou os comportamentos indesejáveis (β = 0,13; t= 2,07 p < 0,001), a subfunção normativa explicou os comportamentos desejáveis (β = 0,66; t= 13,86 p < 0,001) e os atributos psicológicos negativos (β = 0,48; t= 8,71 p < 0,001). Com relação à intenção de adotar, foi possível observar que se apresentaram como melhores preditores as subfunções interativa (β = 0,22; p < 0,05) e realização (β = -0,20; p < 0,05). Conclui-se que os valores humanos constituem-se como uma variável importante na explicação dos estereótipos, bem como na intenção de adotar. Fornecendo dados empíricos para o desenvolvimento de intervenções que busquem descontruir os estereótipos negativos e os preconceitos que envolvem a adoção, sobretudo a criança adotada, incentivando, assim, as pessoas a realizarem uma adoção.

IoT is a technology where different devices are equipped with internet connection which makes it possible to control them and exchange data over internet. IoT can be thought of as an umbrella term covering a broad and ever-growing range of services and technologies. One of the segments within IoT is the smart home ecosystem. The tremendous development the last decade within smartphones, wearable devices and broadband has created new ways to connect individual devices in the home (Qasim and Abu-Shanab, 2016; Jeong et al, 2016; Wilson et al, 2017; Hubert et al, 2017). This creates a synergy effect; by connecting multiple devices to a system new value is created. Energy, home controls, security, communication and entertainment services are all included in the smart home (Miller, 2015; Wilson et al, 2017). Even though the concept of smart homes has a large potential it seems like it has not reached its full potential and the diffusion of the innovation among the consumers is still at an early stage (Balta-Ozkan et.al, 2013; Yang et.al 2017). So far, many studies have been performed on the technical aspects of IoT and smart home ecosystems but less attention has been paid on the consumer point of view and what determinants that play a role in the intention to adopt the technology (Yang, Lee, and Zo. 2017). In addition, previous studies have mainly focused of one single device and has not considered the entire ecosystem (Yang, Lee, and Zo. 2017). Therefore, the purpose with this thesis is to study what are the key determinants for the intention to adopt smart homes from an ecosystem point of view. To fulfill the purpose known theoretical models regarding intention to adopt technology have been used to develop a research model. The basis to establish the research model has been the theory of innovation adoption, TRA, TPB, TAM, VAM and UTAUT. Based on the literature four determinants were selected to be included in the model; these were cost, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and individualization. The first three are all included in the mentioned theoretical models and have previously been proven to be important for intention to adopt. The last one, individualization is derived from the field of product differentiation. In the literature it is mentioned that the possibility to refine, adjust and modify may be crucial for the user (Dodgson et.al. 2008). With this background it was interested to include individualization as a determinant in the research model and study how it impacts intention to adopt. In addition to the determinants one moderator was included; the composition of the household. In order to collect the empirical data a survey was conducted using the snowball sampling approach via Facebook and LinkedIn. The survey consisted of two sections where the first section aimed to collect background information about the respondent and the second section consisted of questions regarding the determinants. In the second section the respondents were asked to respond according to a 5-point Likert scale. The used questions in the survey was predefined in the literature. Study results show that consumers’ use intention is shaped by individualization, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Cost was found not to be statistically significant. Neither was the composition of the household.

Extant information systems literature has viewed systems acceptance and adoption from a technocentric viewpoint that emphasizes post-implementation intentions and attitudes - mainly usefulness and ease of use. Further, the effects of organizational hierarchy and work-environment factors have not been adequately factored largely because the single level user-level perspective has dominated. This dissertation addresses this gap by incorporating work environment factors while focusing on users’ preliminary, pre-implementation attitudes, perceptions, and intentions. It thus employs a multilevel perspective that allows for deeper insights into the interplay between workgroup- and individual-level phenomena. The objectives herein are, first, to illuminate change readiness as a plausible lens through which system acceptance and adoption can be viewed. Although change readiness is predominantly studied in organizational behavior, it has not yet been applied in information systems research. Consequently, it presents a promising approach to explore users’ responses to new systems. Secondly, this dissertation aims to empirically explore the multilevel nature of the change readiness constructs as envisaged in the framework of the antecedents and outcomes of change readiness. The research model is adapted from the multilevel framework of the antecedents and outcomes of change readiness as propounded by Rafferty et al. (2013). Appropriate hypotheses are developed and a survey instrument established to test those hypotheses. To ensure validity, preliminary investigations are conducted after an expert panel review. Subsequently, data was collected and analyzed to assess the extent to which the proposed model and hypotheses are empirically supported. Results and findings from this dissertation have theoretical and practical implications. Extant literature notes the dearth of research that theorizes outcomes of change readiness in the organizational behavior domain. This dissertation theorizes intention to adopt as an outcome of change readiness. Practice benefits from the context-based empirical results which (1) examine whether change readiness has any significant impact on system adoption and (2) the effect of workgroup change readiness on individual’s intention to adopt the system.