<p>The purpose of the study is to investigate methods and work procedures that aim to motivate people to leave a cult and/or supporting them after a cult exit. The study was limited to investigate how Sweden’s, within the area, three premier voluntary organizations Föreningen Rädda Individen, Rådgivning Om Sekter and Hjälpkällan work with present -, ex – and relatives to cult members. In addition to the mentioned organizations we have also investigated the work procedures and methods used by Åke Wiman. The study has got a qualitative approach and includes semi-structured interviews. The results have been analyzed thru already existing methods. These are <em>exit counseling, Strategic interaction approach </em>and<em> Strategic interaction approach</em> – <em>after the invention</em>. The analysis shows that Hjälpkällan and Rådgivning Om Sekter does not use any specific, explicit method in their work but focuses more on the fellow human being support. Wiman uses parts of both <em>exit counselin</em>g and <em>Strategic interaction approach</em>. Further it is recognized that Föreningen Rädda Individen explicitly uses the method of <em>Strategic interaction approach.</em> One can see varying amount of similarity between existing methods and all of the organizations looked in to. There seems to exist a concept confusion and an incorrect use of the meanings of deprogramming, <em>exit counseling</em> and <em>Strategic interaction approach</em> even among the initiated which indicate lack of knowledge or conscious misuse of the words.</p> / <p>Studiens syfte är att undersöka metoder och arbetssätt som syftar till att motivera personer att lämna en sekt och/eller stödja dem efter ett avhopp. Studien avgränsades till att undersöka hur Sveriges för området tre främsta frivilligorganisationer, Föreningen Rädda Individen, Rådgivning Om Sekter samt Hjälpkällan, arbetar med aktiva -, före detta - och anhöriga till sektmedlemmar. Utöver nämnda organisationer undersöks också det arbetssätt som Åke Wiman utför. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och använder sig av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet analyserades utifrån befintliga metoder för arbete med sektavhoppare samt motivation till sektavhopp. Metoderna är <em>exit counseling, Strategic interaction approach </em>samt<em> Strategic interaction approach – efter avhoppet.</em> Av analysen framgår att Hjälpkällan och Rådgivning Om Sekter inte explicit använder sig av någon metod utan fokuserar på det medmänskliga stödet i sitt arbete. Wiman använder sig av delar av både <em>exit counseling </em>och<em> Strategic interaction approach</em>. Vidare framgår att Föreningen Rädda Individen uttalat arbetar efter metoden <em>Strategic interaction approach. </em>Det går att se varierande mängd likheter mellan de befintliga metoderna och samtliga organisationer. Det tycks även råda en begreppsförvirring och ett felanvändande av begreppen avprogrammering, <em>exit counseling </em>och<em> Strategic interaction approach</em> även hos de initierade i ämnet vilket antingen tyder på kunskapsbrist eller medveten felanvändning av orden.</p>

The purpose of the study is to investigate methods and work procedures that aim to motivate people to leave a cult and/or supporting them after a cult exit. The study was limited to investigate how Sweden’s, within the area, three premier voluntary organizations Föreningen Rädda Individen, Rådgivning Om Sekter and Hjälpkällan work with present -, ex – and relatives to cult members. In addition to the mentioned organizations we have also investigated the work procedures and methods used by Åke Wiman. The study has got a qualitative approach and includes semi-structured interviews. The results have been analyzed thru already existing methods. These are exit counseling, Strategic interaction approach and Strategic interaction approach – after the invention. The analysis shows that Hjälpkällan and Rådgivning Om Sekter does not use any specific, explicit method in their work but focuses more on the fellow human being support. Wiman uses parts of both exit counseling and Strategic interaction approach. Further it is recognized that Föreningen Rädda Individen explicitly uses the method of Strategic interaction approach. One can see varying amount of similarity between existing methods and all of the organizations looked in to. There seems to exist a concept confusion and an incorrect use of the meanings of deprogramming, exit counseling and Strategic interaction approach even among the initiated which indicate lack of knowledge or conscious misuse of the words. / Studiens syfte är att undersöka metoder och arbetssätt som syftar till att motivera personer att lämna en sekt och/eller stödja dem efter ett avhopp. Studien avgränsades till att undersöka hur Sveriges för området tre främsta frivilligorganisationer, Föreningen Rädda Individen, Rådgivning Om Sekter samt Hjälpkällan, arbetar med aktiva -, före detta - och anhöriga till sektmedlemmar. Utöver nämnda organisationer undersöks också det arbetssätt som Åke Wiman utför. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och använder sig av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet analyserades utifrån befintliga metoder för arbete med sektavhoppare samt motivation till sektavhopp. Metoderna är exit counseling, Strategic interaction approach samt Strategic interaction approach – efter avhoppet. Av analysen framgår att Hjälpkällan och Rådgivning Om Sekter inte explicit använder sig av någon metod utan fokuserar på det medmänskliga stödet i sitt arbete. Wiman använder sig av delar av både exit counseling och Strategic interaction approach. Vidare framgår att Föreningen Rädda Individen uttalat arbetar efter metoden Strategic interaction approach. Det går att se varierande mängd likheter mellan de befintliga metoderna och samtliga organisationer. Det tycks även råda en begreppsförvirring och ett felanvändande av begreppen avprogrammering, exit counseling och Strategic interaction approach även hos de initierade i ämnet vilket antingen tyder på kunskapsbrist eller medveten felanvändning av orden.

Web 2.0 technologies such as blogs, Google Docs, and YouTube have become ubiquitous in today’s world of second and foreign language learning and have been the object of study (Wang & Vásquez, 2012), yet there is still a need to examine quantitatively and qualitatively how these tools impact the proficiency achievement levels of learners who use them. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact that blogs, Google Docs, and YouTube had on the achievement of college learners of Spanish as a foreign language. A mixed methods design was adopted. The quantitative data were collected from students (N=75) at the end of their intermediate class. The control had used traditional methods to develop the four basic skills, such as writing on paper with pencil, listening to audio files accompanying the text and work books, reading materials designed for language learners, and in class speaking activities, in pair or in group. The control group did not use the three selected technologies (N= 31), the two experimental groups had used the three selected technologies to produce and publish their output for 16 (N= 26) and 32 weeks (N=18). During this time, learners had to interact 1) among themselves through comments via the selected Web 2.0 technologies and 2) with more proficient users of the language in interviews recorded and published on YouTube. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the participants’ scores on the Spanish proficiency (STAMP) exam. Results yielded no significant differences between the control group and the treatment groups in the reading, listening, and speaking skills. However, there was a significant difference in the writing scores. The Post-hoc Sheffe test revealed a statistically significant difference between the control group and the group that used the used the three technologies for 16 weeks, but no significant difference between the control group and the group using the technologies for 32 weeks was found. Qualitative findings revealed that the participants perceived the three selected technologies impacted their writing, speaking, reading, and listening skills in that order. Writing was reported as the language skill that most benefited from using the three selected technologies. Participants claimed their vocabulary, grammar, writing styles, and fluency increased. Similarly, they reported their speaking fluency improved while their anxiety was lowered due to the use of the three technologies. Additionally, they reported gains in vocabulary and grammar structure from listening to and reading their peers’ contextualized output as well as incremental improvement in their ability to obtain the main idea and comprehend new vocabulary through constant reading and listening activities. Findings also established the value of peer feedback and its role in foreign language learning when using Web 2.0 technologies.