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This thesis analyses the content, tone, form and authorship of the national newspaper gossip column 1918-1939, as a new means through which the qualities of the popular press in this period can be more closely defined. Often dismissed as an example of the sensational, Americanization of early twentieth-century popular culture, the celebrity gossip column has been loosely grouped with the friendly, informal language and bolder formatting of the ‘New Journalism’ of the late nineteenth century and the development of the dramatic ‘human-interest’ stories of ‘everyday life’ in the interwar period (LeMahieu, 1988; Wiener, 1988). Through a comparative study of six newspapers including the Daily Express, Daily Mail and News of the World, I analyse the changing representation of the celebrity subject, and, originally, the shifting character and persona of the gossip columnist. Whereas some historians have analysed the content of newspapers without considering the questions of the newspaper’s production, I analyse newspaper employment records, gossip columnists’ memoirs and their unpublished letters and diaries to define the specific economic, social and cultural circumstances which, I argue, influenced their public portrayal. Also, in examining the unpublished correspondence between editors, proprietors and columnists and the burgeoning print culture of journalistic training manuals and professional memoirs, I provide a history of the press’s professionalization in this period. The national popular press has often been used as a historical source to define national character and national identity in the interwar period (Bland, 2008; Kohn, 1992). By scrutinizing the content and production of the gossip column and particularly the class, behaviour, interactions and subject matter of the columnist, I argue that the gossip column presented a version of ‘Britishness’ that was not so inward-looking and domesticated as so many accounts of interwar Britain suggest.

Este estudo pauta-se na análise de escritos de mulheres baianas, buscando averiguar as relações entre a prática da escrita e as formas de constituição de subjetividades femininas em múltiplos ritmos de tempo. Partindo de um mapeamento desses escritos espalhados pelo território baiano e reconhecendo o manancial que representam para estudos de singularidades culturais em variados contextos, focalizamos um conjunto de memorialistas e escritoras, predominantemente professoras do Alto Sertão da Bahia, que começaram escrevendo memórias e romances autobiográficos e, sem interromper a prática, tornaram-se escritoras de gêneros literários diversos. Nessa escritura trouxeram à baila discussões de temas que perpassaram pelo mundo feminino nas décadas de 1920 a 1960 do século XX, através do registro das suas experiências e das transformações e desafios enfrentados por mulheres em diferentes gerações, estribadas ora na memória, ora no domínio da arte da escrita e uso de elementos ficcionais. Diante disso, perseguimos as trajetórias de mulheres que abriram espaços através da palavra escrita em busca por autorrealização, ora atreladas à integração com a família e a sociedade, ora em aberta rejeição aos papéis normativos, na medida em que se voltavam para a integração do eu. O nosso enfoque privilegiou ainda as narrativas acerca da cotidianidade em seus espaços de formação e atuação como professoras, tensões e lutas de mulheres em posições sociais diferenciadas, dramas sociais e venturas nos modos de viver nas pequenas cidades, espaços rurais e outras redes de sociabilidade, especialmente no Alto Sertão da Bahia. Para exame das conjunturas socioculturais pertinentes a este estudo foram utilizadas fontes documentais em arquivos públicos e particulares, jornais, correspondências pessoais e processos-crime, além de vasta literatura memorialística de variada autoria, todas elas confrontadas com os escritos em análise. A pesquisa mostra, portanto, mulheres que se arriscaram nas artes da escrita, defendendo direitos femininos e direitos de pertencimento ao mundo das letras, elucidando processos de mudanças entre as gerações, com a ousadia de desvendarem momentos diferenciados de constituição de subjetividades e ainda muita capacidade de improvisar suas vidas conturbadas no confronto do antigo com o moderno. / This research is based on the analysis of women writers from Bahia, in Brazil,,and its aim is to establish their writing practices towards the process of building of their own subjectivities. We begin with a map of locations from which they wrote, emphasizing the cultural singularities in their many different geographical contexts. They were mainly public school teachers and some of them became fiction writers. Through their own life experiences, they focus on themes related to the social world of women from the Alto sertão da Bahia, from the 1920s to the 1960s. Their writing document different life experiences, some of them accepting social norms and keeping themselves integratied with their families and, and others often in open rejection of normative gender roles This work shows their daily lives as teachers and their tension/struggles from different social positions, focusing mainly on their daily lives and on their rural habits. . They also document their abilities to improvise their troubled lives in confrontation of old\" with modernways of life. This work relied mainly on their written memories, often in the confrontation between different memory books of their times and also on documentary sources from public and private archives, newspapers, personal letters, criminal and judicial proceedings. As women writers they were committed to defending women rights and in documenting the process of change between generations in order to uncover distinct moments of subjectivity constitution.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wanda Rogeria Campos de Lima Assis.pdf: 18823938 bytes, checksum: 0c8f9dc56011233df3de402457525e9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-12 / This study was conducted in Delfim Moreira (MG) in the area of healthcare, done in an exploratory and descriptive manner, addressed in the form of qualitative research through a vision of social constructionism. The main objective of this study was to analyze the contribution of Program: Re-defining Family Origins of the Healthcare Professional (PRORFOPS) in the theoretical aggregation and the redefinition of professional healthcare practices belonging to the multidisciplinary team from Basic Health Unit (UBS). A total of 15 professionals participated in this project with an emphasis on the intergenerational aspects of family interactions and affective communication. Its specific objectives were: to gain an understanding of families in their interconnected systems, the intergenerational relationships, the affective communication; the process of individualism expanding one s perception of "self" in a relational construct, the potential of the group and their own strengthening; the relevance of themes discussed in the view of these professionals. The following instruments were used: Life Stories, Genograms, Memory Booklets and Questionnaires. The data was analyzed using qualitative tools for Content Analysis, indicating an integration of individual speech within the interconnected systems, and a shift of this same speech towards a relational understanding of self, sensitizing the participants to co-responsibility in familial and social relations / Esse estudo foi realizado em Delfim Moreira (MG), na área de saúde e trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, de caráter exploratório-descritiva, abordada sob a forma de pesquisa qualitativa dentro de uma visão do Construcionismo Social. O objetivo maior desse estudo foi analisar a contribuição do Programa de Ressignificação da Família de Origem do Profissional de Saúde (PRORFOPS) na complementação teórica e ressignificação da prática de profissionais da saúde pertencentes à equipe multidisciplinar da Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS). Participaram desse projeto 15 profissionais dando-se ênfase aos aspectos intergeracionais das interações familiares e comunicação afetiva. Seus objetivos específicos foram: a compreensão das famílias atendidas enquanto sistemas interconectados, a Intergeracionalidade, a comunicação afetiva; o processo de individuação ampliando a percepção do si mesmo em construção relacional, as potencialidades do grupo de trabalho e seu fortalecimento; a pertinência dos temas trabalhados, segundo a visão desses profissionais. Utilizou-se dos seguintes instrumentos: Histórias de Vida, Genograma, Livreto de Memórias e Questionários. Os dados obtidos foram analisados com ferramentas qualitativas de Análise de Conteúdo. Essa análise apontou para uma integração do discurso individual com o dos sistemas interligados, e um deslocamento deste mesmo discurso para uma compreensão do eu relacional, sensibilizando o participante para a co-responsabilidade relacional, familiar, social

Este estudo pauta-se na análise de escritos de mulheres baianas, buscando averiguar as relações entre a prática da escrita e as formas de constituição de subjetividades femininas em múltiplos ritmos de tempo. Partindo de um mapeamento desses escritos espalhados pelo território baiano e reconhecendo o manancial que representam para estudos de singularidades culturais em variados contextos, focalizamos um conjunto de memorialistas e escritoras, predominantemente professoras do Alto Sertão da Bahia, que começaram escrevendo memórias e romances autobiográficos e, sem interromper a prática, tornaram-se escritoras de gêneros literários diversos. Nessa escritura trouxeram à baila discussões de temas que perpassaram pelo mundo feminino nas décadas de 1920 a 1960 do século XX, através do registro das suas experiências e das transformações e desafios enfrentados por mulheres em diferentes gerações, estribadas ora na memória, ora no domínio da arte da escrita e uso de elementos ficcionais. Diante disso, perseguimos as trajetórias de mulheres que abriram espaços através da palavra escrita em busca por autorrealização, ora atreladas à integração com a família e a sociedade, ora em aberta rejeição aos papéis normativos, na medida em que se voltavam para a integração do eu. O nosso enfoque privilegiou ainda as narrativas acerca da cotidianidade em seus espaços de formação e atuação como professoras, tensões e lutas de mulheres em posições sociais diferenciadas, dramas sociais e venturas nos modos de viver nas pequenas cidades, espaços rurais e outras redes de sociabilidade, especialmente no Alto Sertão da Bahia. Para exame das conjunturas socioculturais pertinentes a este estudo foram utilizadas fontes documentais em arquivos públicos e particulares, jornais, correspondências pessoais e processos-crime, além de vasta literatura memorialística de variada autoria, todas elas confrontadas com os escritos em análise. A pesquisa mostra, portanto, mulheres que se arriscaram nas artes da escrita, defendendo direitos femininos e direitos de pertencimento ao mundo das letras, elucidando processos de mudanças entre as gerações, com a ousadia de desvendarem momentos diferenciados de constituição de subjetividades e ainda muita capacidade de improvisar suas vidas conturbadas no confronto do antigo com o moderno. / This research is based on the analysis of women writers from Bahia, in Brazil,,and its aim is to establish their writing practices towards the process of building of their own subjectivities. We begin with a map of locations from which they wrote, emphasizing the cultural singularities in their many different geographical contexts. They were mainly public school teachers and some of them became fiction writers. Through their own life experiences, they focus on themes related to the social world of women from the Alto sertão da Bahia, from the 1920s to the 1960s. Their writing document different life experiences, some of them accepting social norms and keeping themselves integratied with their families and, and others often in open rejection of normative gender roles This work shows their daily lives as teachers and their tension/struggles from different social positions, focusing mainly on their daily lives and on their rural habits. . They also document their abilities to improvise their troubled lives in confrontation of old\" with modernways of life. This work relied mainly on their written memories, often in the confrontation between different memory books of their times and also on documentary sources from public and private archives, newspapers, personal letters, criminal and judicial proceedings. As women writers they were committed to defending women rights and in documenting the process of change between generations in order to uncover distinct moments of subjectivity constitution.

Previously, the bulk of the population lived in rural areas. The whole family lived there together in the family house on the same property. Young helped the elderly and old to their offspring, with households with children, with the economy. With the advent of industrialization and mobilization, many young people moved into the cities, to work, to the newly constructed blocks of residential houses, which were rather less than they could live with a large extended family. Mutual cooperation was suddenly far away. The town has more people, more jobs and more older people, which the state took care of them - homes for the elderly - retirees concentration in one place, without daily contact with young, with family. Thanks to good quality of health care older people is increasing and this problem is must be solved. The country has still semi-detached houses and multigenerational houses, where the family lived with grandparents, but in the city is hard to find to buy or rent two apartments near each other. The main concept of my work is to create a semi-detached flats, flats with common vestibule, which connects one smaller and one larger apartment. Use the castle for this principle is more than appropriate - will be returned the housing for the family and each of generation finds in the castle grounds space for their activities or employment. This area still remains open to inhabitant of the city and offer them new possibilities for leisure (restaurants and an amphitheater).

A decade of growth and wealth generation in Russia ended in 2009 with the collapse in GDP and rising unemployment. This Great Recession added new economic challenges to the ‘old’ problems facing children and families, including widening income inequalities and the phenomenon of social orphanage. One question is how the new and existing material pressures affect parent–child relationships. This research contributes to the answer by examining, in aggregate terms, the role poverty plays in the allocation of parental time in this emerging economy. Utilising a nationally representative sample of children, it explores how child interactions with parents are affected by aggregate and idiosyncratic shocks. Drawing on the rational choice paradigm and its critique, we put forward the Parental Time Equilibrium as an analytical guide to the study. This theoretical approach presents individual decisions concerning time spent with children over the long term as the product of a defined equilibrium between resources and demands for involvement. We test this approach through pooled cross-sectional and panel analyses based on the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey dataset from 2007 to 2009. Children in low-income households face the double disadvantage of a lack of money and time investments at home, with both persistent and transient poverty being associated with lower than average parental time inputs in the sample. Moreover, while on average, we find that children do maintain the amount of time they spend with their parents under conditions of severe financial strain, low–income children lose out on play time with the mother. Material resources cannot be considered in isolation from structural disadvantages, of which rural location in particular is detrimental for parent–child time together. The study demonstrates that the cumulative stress of adverse macro-economic conditions and depleted material resources makes it difficult for parents to sustain their human investment in children. The evidence this study provides on the associations between economic stress and pa-rental time allocations advances our knowledge of the disparities of in the childhood experience in modern Russian society. The findings strongly support the equal importance of available resources and basic demand for involvement, thus drawing policy attention to the need to address both in the best interests of children.

This study, located in the disciplines of human geography and demography, explores the socio-spatial boundaries encapsulating Britain’s Jewish population, particularly at micro-scales. It highlights and challenges key narratives of both Jewish and general interest relating to residential segregation, assimilation, partnership formation, exogamy and household living arrangements. It presents a critical exploration of the dual ethnic and religious components of Jewish identity, arguing that this ‘White’ group has become ethnically ‘invisible’ in British identity politics and, as a consequence, is largely overlooked. In addition, the key socio-demographic processes relating to Jewish partnership formation are addressed and a critical assessment of data pertaining to the decline of marriage, the rise of cohabitation and the vexed topic of Jewish exogamy, is presented. The analysis culminates by linking each of these issues to the micro-geographical scale of the household and develops a critical assessment of this key unit of Jewish (re)production. Jewish population change is contextualised within the framework of the second demographic transition. This deliberately quantitative study is designed to exploit a recent glut of data relating to Jews in Britain. It interrogates specially commissioned tables from Britain’s 2001 Census as well as four separate communal survey data sources. It highlights and challenges recent geographical critiques of quantitative methodologies by presenting a rigorous defence of quantification in post-‘cultural turn’ human geography. It emphasises the importance and relevance of this fruitful shift in geographical thought to quantitative methods and describes the role quantification can now play in the discipline. Above all, it synthesises two disparate sets of literature: one relating to geographical work on identity and segregation, and the other to work on the identity, demography and cultural practices of Jews. As a result, this thesis inserts the largely neglected ethno-religious Jewish case into the broader geographical literature whilst developing a critical quantitative spatial agenda for the study of Jews.

Lamaholot is a population found on Flores and in the Solor Archipelago of Eastern Indonesia. The population is village-based and divided into patrilineal descent groups. Marriage is coupled with bridewealth and follows a pattern of asymmetric marriage alliance between descent groups. This thesis shows that a small group of Lamaholot in the administrative regency of East Flores shares certain traditions with a neighbouring population called Ata Tana ‘Ai. Ata Tana ‘Ai are a sub-group of the Sikka population in the administrative regency of Sikka. Descent group among Ata Tana ‘Ai are matrilineal and households were traditionally based in scattered gardens. Marriage is not coupled with bridewealth and instances of asymmetric marriage alliance between descent groups are here a consequence rather than a cause of marriage. The current fieldsite seems to have been part of the ceremonial system of Ata Tana ‘Ai and also to have shared a tradition of dispersed settlement in the gardens. The descent groups might initially have been matrilineal, but in the recent past there was also a habit of dividing children between the parental descent groups. Recent traditions of dividing children can be found throughout central-east Flores, but seemingly not to same extent as at the fieldsite. The payment of elephant’s tusks was a central feature in the acquisition of group members at the fieldsite and could be paid by both men and women. These payments were not necessarily tied to marriage and did not serve as bridewealth. In the last century outer social factors, such as the Catholic mission and the creation of the Dutch colonial state, have resulted in that many of the traditional practices at the fieldsite have been replaced with traditions from Lamaholot elsewhere. The residence pattern is now village-based, but gardens retain a central social and ritual position. The role of the elephant’s tusks has taken different expressions throughout this period of social change, and alongside the changing role of tusks, the traditional social and material authority of women at the fieldsite has declined, whereas that of men has increased. This thesis examines the current and the traditional practices in and around the fieldsite, and focuses on local definitions of descent group, kinship, and inheritance, looking at both biological and social perspectives.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the dynamics of family support and public pension systems, and their impact on late-life happiness in contemporary South Korea. For this, three specific research questions, namely (1) the dynamics of intergenerational solidarity, public pension systems, and happiness; (2) the association between intergenerational solidarity and happiness; and (3) the association between public pension systems and happiness, are analysed by exploiting the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. The analyses show that (1) the structural solidarity of older people is relatively stronger than of middle-aged people; (2) contacting is the key player in associational solidarity in later life; (3) middle-aged people supply more financial aid to their adult children than they receive from them, but the reverse applies to older people. Both middle-aged and older people actively exchange food, household items, and health-care supplies; (4) more older men receive the National Pension Scheme benefit than older women but the reverse is true for the Basic Old-Age Pension benefit; (5) the level of happiness in later life is very high but decreases as people age; (6) the number of adult children, frequency of contact, and amount of financial support are positively associated with the happiness of older people; and (7) the National Pension Scheme is positively associated with the happiness of older men while the Basic Old-Age Pension is negatively associated with the happiness of older people. The results suggest some policy implications for late-life happiness in contemporary South Korea. At the individual level, increased frequency of contact, availability of the children, and the amount of financial support can enhance late-life happiness. At the governmental level, the research suggests that the gendered structure of the National Pension Scheme and means-tested structure of the Basic Old-Age Pension should be reformed.