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Orientador: Sebastião Carlos Velasco e Cruz / Resumo: Es como consecuencia del fin de la Unión de Republicas Socialistas Soviéticas-URSS que surge la Federación Rusa, un nuevo estado ahora capitalista y liberal. A partir del surgimiento del mismo se pretende en el presente trabajo analizar los principales desafíos vividos por la Federación con respecto a la formulación de política interna y externa desde 1991 hasta 2008 y a partir de allí se busca comprender como la federación se relacionó con la organización militar más grande del mundo, la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte-OTAN. Con la utilización de documentos oficiales y autores especializados se procura entender en el análisis de estas tres etapas los vaivenes vividos por la política rusa en el transcurso de casi 20 años vislumbrando de esta forma el padrón de comportamiento adoptado desde el fin de la Guerra Fría. Por medio del presente trabajo se busca obtener una visión panorámica del comportamiento de Rusia a nivel nacional e internacional con foco principal en la relación Rusia-OTAN estructurando un argumento que permita comprender el comportamiento ruso en esta nueva era. / Mestre

Submitted by DANIELA IVANNA GALLI MATTIAUDA null (dgallimattiauda@gmail.com) on 2017-09-29T17:23:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disertacion Daniela Galli.pdf: 4468994 bytes, checksum: 61fb04576de4f1bae8283f9d5fce8925 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-29T19:10:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mattiauda_dig_me_mar.pdf: 4468994 bytes, checksum: 61fb04576de4f1bae8283f9d5fce8925 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-29T19:10:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mattiauda_dig_me_mar.pdf: 4468994 bytes, checksum: 61fb04576de4f1bae8283f9d5fce8925 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Es como consecuencia del fin de la Unión de Republicas Socialistas Soviéticas-URSS que surge la Federación Rusa, un nuevo estado ahora capitalista y liberal. A partir del surgimiento del mismo se pretende en el presente trabajo analizar los principales desafíos vividos por la Federación con respecto a la formulación de política interna y externa desde 1991 hasta 2008 y a partir de allí se busca comprender como la federación se relacionó con la organización militar más grande del mundo, la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte-OTAN. Con la utilización de documentos oficiales y autores especializados se procura entender en el análisis de estas tres etapas los vaivenes vividos por la política rusa en el transcurso de casi 20 años vislumbrando de esta forma el padrón de comportamiento adoptado desde el fin de la Guerra Fría. Por medio del presente trabajo se busca obtener una visión panorámica del comportamiento de Rusia a nivel nacional e internacional con foco principal en la relación Rusia-OTAN estructurando un argumento que permita comprender el comportamiento ruso en esta nueva era. / It is as a consequence of the end of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics-USSR that the Russian Federation emerges, a new state now capitalist and liberal. From the outset, it is intended in the present work to analyze the main challenges faced by the Federation in respect to the formulation of internal and external policy from 1991 to 2008. From there on it is sought to understand how the federation relates with the largest military organization in the world, The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Making use of official documents and specialized authors it is tried to understand in the analysis of these three stages the ups and downs of Russian politics over the course of almost 20 years, thus envisaging the pattern of behavior adopted since the end of the cold war. The present work seeks to obtain a panoramic view of the behavior of Russia at national and international level with a focus on the Russia-NATO relationship, structuring an argument to understand Russian behavior in this new era. / É como consequência do fim da União das Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas-URSS que surge a Federação Russa, um novo Estado agora capitalista e liberal. A partir do surgimento do mesmo pretende-se no presente trabalho analisar os principais desafios vividos pela Federação com respeito à formulação da política interna e externa de 1991 até 2008. A partir daí busca-se compreender como a federação se relacionou com a maior organização militar do mundo, a Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte-OTAN. Com a utilização de documentos oficiais e autores especializados procura-se entender na análise dessas três etapas os vaivéns vividos pela política russa no transcurso de quase 20 anos, vislumbrando dessa forma o padrão de comportamento adotado desde o fim da guerra fria. Por meio do presente trabalho busca-se obter uma visão panorâmica do comportamento da Rússia a nível nacional e internacional com foco principal na relação Rússia-OTAN, estruturando um argumento que permita compreender o comportamento russo nesta nova era.

This paper tries to identify and understand the human social obstacles for developing quality software. These include lip-service, cutting corners, deception and effects of internal politics. These obstacles can undermine the good intentions behind the software methodologies. The paper draws from the literature in different disciplines and uses an ethnographic research methodology to create a rich picture of the concerning aspects in the framework of one software development company in India. What stands out among the findings are that internal audits has mainly focused on finding errors in documentation procedures but study of the actual practices has often been shallow. In addition the understanding of business risks by the internal auditors have often been weak. Context. The human based obstacles affecting Software Development Methodology analysed in the context of an ISO 9000 quality system in an Indian Software Development company working mainly with Swedish companies. Objectives. Identifying and increasing the understanding of intrinsic negative social aspects such as lip service, cheating and politics which are affecting the results of Software Development Methodologies and if possible suggest some means to mitigate them. In particular to create a deeper understanding of why people cheat and pay lip service to methodologies and to try to understand the political aspects of methodology and quality systems. There are other positive social aspects, but they are not considered since the objective is about understanding the negative aspects and possibly mitigate them. Methods. Ethnographic research using analysis of ISO 9000 and design artefacts, semi-structured interviews, participation in internal audits, Results. Most focus in audits was on documentation and very less focus on underlying methodologies, some indications of lip-service to process and processes were also mainly managed on a higher level in the organization while the understanding and practices were less well established on lower level. It was hard to get a grip on the internal political aspects since the perception of the subject in the informants view was that it is mainly malicious and therefore embarrassing to speak about. Some conflicts between internal quality goals and customers’ needs were also identified. Conclusions. An ethnographic research methodology gives a rich picture. The analysis gives deeper understanding of the problem areas, but not necessary solutions. The author suggests that at the heart of the problem is a difference in world view. Software professionals generally tend to resolve [technical] problems using a reductionist approach, while these intricate challenges cannot easily be resolved by this approach. A more holistic systemic approach is required and while the software methodology is useful to structure the development it does not resolve these dysfunctions. They have to be resolved on another level. It was also found that further studies is required in particular to better understand Internal politics, the effect of Positive and Negative Incentives, the effect of software metrics on quality performance and subjectivity in customers’ perception and expectation. / Uppsatsen försöker förstå mänskliga sociala hinder för att utveckla programvara med hög kvalitet. Dessa hinder inkluderar "läpparnas bekännelser", ta genvägar, vilseleda och internpolitik. Sådana hinder kan underminera utvecklingsmetoder. Denna uppsats bygger på literatur från olika discipliner och använder etnografisk forskningsmetodik för att skapa en rik bild av dessa oroande aspekter inom ramen för ett IT-företag i Indien. Vad står ut är att intern kvalitetsrevision fokuserar för mycket på att finna fel i dokumentationsprocesser medan revision av hur utvecklingsarbetet faktiskt sker har varit för ytligt. Dessutom har de interna revisorernas förståelse av affärsrisker varit svag.