Thesis (D.C.L.). / Written for the Institute of Comparative Law. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2009/08/31). Includes bibliographical references.

The Earth consists of approximately 70 percentage of water, but only 1 percent is at present suitable to drink with no sanitation. Water is vital for human life and should be accessible to all human beings, stated even through its legal definition. Reviewed in this paper is that globalization has over the years brought both stunning benefits and openings for many individuals in regards to water and sanitation. However, these opportunities are yet not available for all, since currently approximately 2.5 billion of the world’s population lack access to sanitation, and for about 1 billion individual’s access to safe drinking water is absent. Harmed health leading to death is a crucial consequence of this enormous lack. International coherence and acknowledgement for this challenging situation is at present part of the global agenda, and through this, water and sanitation have been recognized as a fundamental human right by the United Nations (UN) and implemented in its legal framework. However, its definition can be questioned. The United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) declare that water shall be available and accessible for all human beings. Within several of the UNs adopted documents, water shall additionally be sufficient, affordable, safe and acceptable, and contain a certain standard of quality. Nevertheless, obstacles occur regarding these requirements through its interpretation. The question arises if the right within its classification can guarantee the fundamental right to water and sanitation to be incorporated, compatible and functional in human rights law.  Besides this, the role of sustainable development and, regional and national legislations in the implementation process is additionally addressed to acknowledge how the right is ensured and protected.

Originally presented as the author's dissertation (doctoral)--Freiburg/Schweiz, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 224-258).

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-04T14:20:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 em_busca.pdf: 1385950 bytes, checksum: da53c67635c3f7880c3366f5db065ad0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-04T14:20:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 em_busca.pdf: 1385950 bytes, checksum: da53c67635c3f7880c3366f5db065ad0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-14 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente estudo examina a importância e relevância da análise da problemática jurídica, envolvendo os arquivos da ditadura militar brasileira, 1964/1985, diante do movimento do Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos, surgido com o término da Segunda Grande Guerra Mundial. Por meio de uma exposição histórico-crítica a respeito do período ditatorial no Brasil, admite uma crise paradigmática vivida pelo Estado nos tempos contemporâneos, em grande parte advinda dos chamados anos de chumbo, na referência da importância do acesso à informação enquanto direito humano fundamental e a necessidade de respeito à Constituição Federal de 1988 e demais tratados e declarações internacionais pertinentes ao assunto. Procura inserir uma abordagem crítica e filosófica a partir de apontamentos de Hannah Arendt e Walter Benjamin naquilo que se refira ao atual estado político de velamento de informações referentes ao recente passado do país. Afere a necessidade de garantia do amplo acesso público às informações atinentes ao período como meio de efetivação de direitos constitucionalmente estabelecidos. Estabelece premissas ligadas ao Direito, à Verdade e à Memória, circunscrevendo que o Estado de Exceção no Brasil dos anos de ditadura militar deve ser revisado em níveis sociais, psicológicos, históricos, culturais e, principalmente, jurídicos. Valoriza o cerne fundamental da problemática ao admitir a necessidade de políticas governamentais de gestão de arquivos públicos sigilosos por meio de normas internacionais de proteção aos direitos humanos, aprofundando o trabalho do Estado ante o reconhecimento da proteção dos direitos civis e políticos como pilar fundamental à manutenção da dignidade da pessoa humana. Aborda a temática da Justiça Transacional como resposta a violações sistemáticas e generalizadas aos direitos humanos, objetivando reconhecer o alicerce de uma justiça a ser adaptada e construída em sociedades que se transformaram depois de períodos de violações generalizadas de direitos humanos. Por fim, a pesquisa insere-se na Linha de Concentração Hermenêutica, Constituição e Concretização de Direitos, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos - UNISINOS - objetivando instrumentalizar um aporte reflexivo crítico na luta pela efetivação de direitos, em nível constitucional e internacional, nos liames do Estado Democrático de Direito. / The following study investigates the importance and relevance of the legal problematic analysis regarding the archives from the Brazilian military dictatorship period, 1964/1985, towards the movement of the International Law of Human Rights developing with the end of the Second Great War. Through the historic-critic exposition regarding the dictatorial period in Brazil, is recognized a pragmatic crises present in the State in contemporary times, resulting strongly from the so called anos de chumbo (or lead years), with reference to the importance on the access of information as a fundamental human right and the necessity to respect the Federal Constitution of 1988 and other pacts and relevant international declarations to the matter. The critical approach will be one philosophical following Hannah Arendt and Walter Benjamin observations in which relates the present politic state of obscurity of information regarding the country?s past. Judging the necessity to vouch for the broad public access of information related to the period as a means to the effectual of established constitutional rights. Establishing premises linked to Rights to Truth and Memory, limiting that the State of Exception in Brazil in the military dictatorship must be revised in levels which are social, psychological, historical, cultural and, mainly, legal. Valuing the fundamental problematic core in admitting the necessity of governmental politics of management of public archives secret through international norms of human rights protection, deepen the work of the State before the recognition of the civil and political rights as fundamental pillar to the maintenance of the human being dignity. Approaching the theme of Transitional Justice as response to systematic violations and generalized to human rights, intending recognize the basis of a justice to be adapted and build in societies which develop after periods of generalized violations of the human rights. To conclude, the research is inserted in the Concentration Line of Hermeneutic, Constitution and Concretization of Rights, from the Post-graduation Program of Law from University Vale do Rio dos Sinos - UNISINOS - intending take the issue into a critic reflexion in the fight for the effectuation of rights, in a constitutional and international level, in the apparatus of the Democratic State of Law.