Les États semblent ériger les Cours constitutionnelles en meilleur garant de la protection des droits fondamentaux. Cette étude propose une délimitation des compétences, voire des responsabilités constitutionnelles. Elle démontre que si l'inneffectivité de la protection des droits a été mise en évidence en dépit de l'existence des mécanismes de justice constitutionnelle et des ratifications massives des conventions internationales, c'est la recherche des défaillances de la protection constitutionnelle qui s'impose. La confrontation « des engagements internationaux aux défaillances de la protection des droits fondamentaux » pose la question du contrôle qui est censé être exercé par le juge constitutionnel. Au regard des expériences française et internationale, le Niger offre un exemple parfait des paradoxes de ces mécanismes de contrôle tant a priori qu'a posteriori. Ces défaillances apparaissent à travers les limites constitutionnelles de l'intervention du juge constitutionnel, voire du juge international. Cette étude à la fois micro et macrocomparative, révèle le décalage entre la justice constitutionnelle nigérienne et française. Bien plus, elle illustre le déficit de la protection constitutionnelle, y compris de la France, par rapport aux véritables exigences internationales de la protection. Au-delà, cette thèse propose des pistes d'une protection conventionnelle efficace, voire effective des droits fondamentaux conventionnels. / States seem to assign a more important role to Constitutional courts to protect fundamental rights. This study proposes a delimitation of powers and constitutional responsibilities. It shows that if the ineffectiveness of human rights has been highlighted despite the fact that there are mechanisms of constitutional justice and massive ratifications of international conventions, research focusing on constitutional protection deficiencies remains crucial. Comparing “international commitments and deficiencies in the protection of fundamental rights” raises the issue of control which is supposed to be exercised by the Constitutional court. In the light of the French and international experiences, Niger provides a perfect example of paradoxes of the pre-control and post-control mechanisms. Such deficiencies appear through constitutional limits of the intervention of the Constitutional judge and the international judge. This micro and macro comparative study reveals the difference between the Nigeren and the French constitutional justice. It also illustrates the shortfall of the constitutional protection including France in the face of the real international requirements of the protection. Furthermore, this doctoral thesis proposes courses of action for effective and efficient protection under the convention.

Hudáková, J. Criminal liability of legal persons Criminal liability of legal persons is a significant change to the continental European law. It is a sensible breakthrough into the core principle of an individual criminal responsibility of individuals. In connection with the adoption of Act No. 418/2011 Coll., on the criminal liability of legal persons and proceedings against them, the thesis deals with main aspects of the criminal liability of legal persons in the Czech Republic. After defining of legal grounds of the criminal responsibility author subsequently discusses sanctioning of legal persons. At the same time, the author discusses legal regulation of moral person criminal liability in France. She outlines the principles of criminal liability of legal persons, as well as the conditions for imposing sanctions. The author tries to demonstrate, by means of the attached statistical surveys, the numerous application of this institute in the French legal practice. Finally, the author tries to compare Czech and French legislation in selected aspects.

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the range the Czech Republic fulfills the international commitments stipulated by the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness. And, if it needed, to find factors which influence fulfilling of the declaration commitments. This is done by analysis of the documents and interviews. The analysis of the data related to the supplied development aid is the core of the thesis. The aid depends on these key principles: ownership, alignment, harmonization, managing for results and mutual accountability. Two projects of the Czech Development Agency between years 2013 and 2015 in Cambodia and the State of Palestine are analyzed in two case studies. The operationalization of the terms and following own methodical framework application to the output data led to a result, whether the international commitments are (not) complied with. The performed research implies that commitments are fulfilled rather insufficiently in the Cambodia case, whereas the commitments in State of Palestine case were fulfilled completely. A new innovative approach was crucial. The projects are directed by Palestinian partner. In Cambodia, the critical principle is the mutual accountability because of the lack of the capacities (mostly in funding) and unsatisfactory management. There is a...

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the range the Czech Republic fulfills the international commitments stipulated by the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness. And, if it needed, to find factors which influence fulfilling of the declaration commitments. This is done by analysis of the documents and interviews. The analysis of the data related to the supplied development aid is the core of the thesis. The aid depends on these key principles: ownership, alignment, harmonization, managing for results and mutual accountability. Two projects of the Czech Development Agency between years 2013 and 2015 in Cambodia and the State of Palestine are analyzed in two case studies. The operationalization of the terms and following own methodical framework application to the output data led to a result, whether the international commitments are (not) complied with. The performed research implies that commitments are fulfilled rather insufficiently in the Cambodia case, whereas the commitments in State of Palestine case were fulfilled completely. A new innovative approach was crucial. The projects are directed by Palestinian partner. In Cambodia, the critical principle is the mutual accountability because of the lack of the capacities (mostly in funding) and unsatisfactory management. There is a...