A tese trata de certos aspectos do direito internacional na atividade de administração territorial desempenhada pelas Nações Unidas, e tem Kosovo como estudo de caso. O caso de Kosovo revela que a comunidade internacional faz uso de um contexto político propício para ter a possibilidade de atuar sem grandes constrangimentos na qualidade de gestora da vida pública de territórios a partir de leituras seletivas de normas internacionais. Por um lado, a ampliação e a desobstrução da agenda do Conselho de Segurança em um cenário pós-guerra fria permite uma interpretação expansiva das prerrogativas de implementação de missões de paz sob a égide da ONU, seus objetivos e possíveis controles. Por outro, em um cenário pós-descolonização, quando se poderiam destacar certos limites para a atuação dessa atividade de administração territorial e permitir aos habitantes governados maior controle sobre seu destino a partir das normas de autodeterminação dos povos, opta-se por leituras oscilantes e condicionadas a interesses políticos. Ao analisar a atuação da ONU vis-à-vis os habitantes de Kosovo demonstram-se práticas que podem tanto excluir os kosovares da gestão dos seus negócios públicos quanto apoiar informalmente um dos lados do conflito de acordo com interesses alhures, em desconsideração ao quadro jurídico estabelecido pela resolução do Conselho de Segurança e às narrativas históricas das comunidades imaginadas que compõem a região. / The thesis deals with certain aspects of international law in regard to the activity of territorial administration carried out by the United Nations and it has the mission in Kosovo as the study case. The Kosovo case reveals that the international community made use of a favorable political environment to make selective readings of international norms and operated, without major constraints, as the manager of public life in such territories. On the one hand, the expansion and clearance of the Security Councils agenda in the post-Cold War scenario allows a broad reading of the UN prerogatives regarding the establishment of peacekeeping missions, and the setting of the goals and controls of such missions. On the other, in a post-decolonization context, that certain limits for the performance of the activity of territorial administration could be highlighted thereby enabling the governed more control over their destiny according to the right of self-determination, ambiguous readings conditioned by political interests are opted for instead. By analyzing the activities of the UN vis-à-vis the inhabitants of Kosovo, it is possible to point out practices that can both exclude the Kosovar from the management of their own public affairs and informally support one side of the conflict according to interests set elsewhere, with disregard for the legal framework established by the Security Council resolution and the historical narratives of imagined communities of the region.

La notion d’administration internationale post-belligérante est spécifique au sein des administrations de territoire en relations internationales, au côté des opérations de paix. Lors de situations exceptionnelles, une Autorité internationale est instaurée lors de périodes transitoires, qui oscillent entre la guerre et la paix, pour remédier à des différends territoriaux et/ou à des problèmes de gouvernance. Cette institution politique repose sur le fait qu’un acteur international est responsable de l’administration d’un territoire de manière temporaire dans une situation de post-belligérance, qu’il exerce sa fonction dans l’intérêt de la population et de la société internationale, qu’il superpose les ordres juridiques international et interne, qu’il établit des structures de gouvernance mixtes et qu’il peut intervenir dans les relations internationales au nom du territoire administré. Pour élaborer une réflexion sur ce concept, il faut faire le lien entre le droit international public et les relations internationales afin de disséquer « l’idée » et d’établir ainsi une grille de lecture. Dans la pratique, l’expérimentation en matière d’administration internationale post-belligérante se divise entre la phase plénière, le partenariat et l’appropriation locale du processus afin d’entrevoir la finalité de ce mécanisme : la construction d’une passerelle entre la prégnance de l’étatisme au sein du système international et la diffusion des normes de la société internationale. Ceci est révélé à la lumière des expériences de la Bosnie-Herzégovine, du Kosovo et du Timor oriental. / Beside peace operations, the concept of international post-belligerent (post-conflict) administration is a particular form of territorial administration in international relations. In exceptional situations, an international Authority is set up during transitional periods that fluctuate between war and peace to settle territorial disputes and/or problems of governance. The basis of this type of political institution is that an international actor has responsibility for the temporary administration of a territory in a post-belligerent situation, that it discharges that function in the interest of the population and of international society, that it juxtaposes the international and internal legal orders, that it establishes joint governance structures and that it can act in international relations on behalf of the territory it administers. Studying this concept entails establishing the connection between public international law and international relations so that one can dissect the “idea” and determine an approach. In practice, experimentation in the realm of international post-belligerent (post-conflict) administration comprises a plenary phase, partnership and local ownership of the process and has as its end-purpose the building of a bridge between the impact of statism in the international system and the propagation of the norms of international society. This is demonstrated in the light of the developments in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and East Timor.