Nurses, especially those who care for the critically ill, are required to perform high-level intensive clinical care. It is common for complicated procedures such as therapeutic hypothermia (TH) to be done infrequently at small community hospitals. According to the 2020 recommendations by the American Heart Association (AHA), “prompt initiation of targeted temperature management (formally known as TH) is necessary for all patients who do not follow commands after return of spontaneous circulation to ensure optimal functional and neurological outcome” (Panchal et al., 2020, p.S366). These high-risk, low-frequency protocols typically require nurses to be able to perform these procedures in a time-sensitive manner. If the procedures are not done correctly, they can have negative patient outcomes. Patients are put into medically induced comas, maintained on ventilators, cooled to very low body temperatures, and often medically paralyzed to inhibit shivering. Each of these conditions has the potential for adverse outcomes and together can lead to poor neurological outcomes and even death (Kim et al., 2015). Health educators have the opportunity to provide knowledge and support to these nurses as a way to improve patient outcomes. In this study, a patient care checklist and an online self-learning module were developed for nurses to learn how to perform this high-risk procedure quickly and effectively. A focus group was then conducted with a group of nurses to gain feedback on the checklist and module, and these data informed specific changes to these materials. Then, drawing on a sample of 60 nurses and using a post-study design, data were collected to determine the effectiveness of the checklist and online module as compared to a control group of nurses who read a scholarly article on the same subject. Data were collected at two time points for both the experimental and control groups. The results indicated that nurses who used the online learning tool scored higher in the post-assessment than those in the control group (t = 6.092, p < .001, BCondition = 3.865), with a remarkably high effect size, r2 = 0.379. Moreover, 77% of the nurses agreed that protocols and checklists helped nurses minimize disparities in patient health outcomes. Additionally, 95% of the nurses agreed that patient care checklists helped them care for patients when delivering high-risk, low-volume protocols such as TH. This study demonstrated that online learning tools provide an effective way to educate nurses, and checklists and protocols support the implementation of high-risk, low-volume procedures such as TH.

This paper analyzes the diffusion of internet-based distance education technology (NETDE) among the US associate colleges. The study finds that an institution with experience in using an earlier generation distance education technology is more likely to adopt NETDE than an institution without such an experience. The finding supports the view of Cohen and Levinthal (1990) that an organization's 'absorptive capability' plays a significant role in its innovative activities. Institution size also facilitates the adoption of NETDE. We relate this size effect to market power because the size effect is partly caused by customer switching costs present in the NETDE market. Finally, we find that, among public institutions, the presence of close competitors motivates an institution to adopt NETDE earlier.

This qualitative case study was created to explore with experienced online adjunct faculty in higher education their perceptions of the ways they learned to stay competent within their discipline to continue to be proficient in their online instruction. Their experience teaching online ranged from five to 17 years and all participants taught online for both private and public institutions. Some participants taught for one institution while others taught for as many as three to six institutions. All participants taught a variety of courses and learned informally to develop the competencies they needed to become proficient in online instruction. The study was based on the following assumptions: a) experienced online adjunct faculty need continuing opportunities for professional and personal development and growth; b) experienced online adjunct faculty need professional development support from their institutions to create experiences that support their professional and personal development growth; c) professional development programs will help adjuncts keep their knowledge and skills current to help them to remain competent in their online instruction to continue to be proficient in their online instruction. The source of data for this study was interviews with 15 experienced online adjuncts who had at least five years of experience teaching online. This research study was designed to explore the competencies experienced online adjuncts (EOAs) perceive they need to remain competent, the way they learn those competencies, and factors that help and hinder them from remaining competent to continue to be proficient in their online instruction. Three major findings revealed that: a) technological and pedagogical competencies were the most important to be proficient in their online instruction; b) EOAs learned these competencies informally, through experiential learning, dialogue with colleagues, trial and error and self-directed learning; c) engaging in the institution’s decision-making process for online instruction helped them to remain competent. The principal recommendations for administrators in institutions of higher education who support EOAs who teach online are to offer meaningful specialized professional development and training, foster practices that acknowledge the expertise of EOAs and compensate them for expenses incurred from the purchase of technology products, and participation in opportunities that advance their competencies. The principal recommendations resulting from this research study for EOAs who gain technological and pedagogical competencies through informal learning to continue to be proficient in their online instruction are to advocate to develop their own professional development and training programs, establish opportunities for collaboration with their colleagues, initiate more interaction with the administrators, and acknowledge their hard work and professional growth in gaining exceptional competencies for their online instruction.

Thesis (MTech (Information Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology,2012. / Learning management systems (LMSs) have become the central aspects of educational processes in modern universities. Arguments are that LMSs improve educational efficiencies including the processes of storage, retrieval and exchange of content without distance, space and time constraints. A trusted platform without undue intrusions however, determines the extent to which these benefits can be realized in higher education (HE) spaces. The underlying assumption in this thesis therefore, is that e-Learning systems would lose its value and integrity when the security aspects are ignored. Despite this logic, an overwhelming evidence security omissions and disruptions continue to threaten e-Learning processes at CPUT, with a risk of the actual usage of LMS in the institution. For this reason, this study sought to investigate the extent as well as causes of existing security threats, security awareness programmes and the in/effectiveness of security measures within CPUT. Within the qualitative interpretive research framework, the purposive sampling method was used to select participants. Semi-structured interviews were then used to collect primary data from administrators, technicians, academics and students in the IT and the Public Relations departments at CPUT. The activity theory (AT) was then used as the lens to understand the security aspect in e-Learning systems in the CPUT. From this theory, an analytical framework was developed. It presents holistic view of the security environment of e- Learning as an activity system composed of actors (stakeholders), educational goals, rules (in the form of policies, guidelines and procedures), activities, mediating factors, transformation, and outcomes. The tension between these components accounts for failures in e-Learning security practices, and ultimately in the e-Learning processes. Whilst security measures exist on the e-Learning platform, findings show a combination of the tools, processes and awareness measures to be inadequate and therefore inhibiting. Poor adherence to security guidelines in particular, is a major shortfall in this institution. To this end, a continuous review of network policy, clear and consolidated communication between stakeholders as well as emphasis on the enforcement of security compliance by users across all departments is therefore recommended. Frequent security awareness and training programmes for all LMS users must also be prioritized in this institution.

A dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Technology: Information Technology, Durban University of Technology, 2011. / This study examines the perceived effect of the following factors on web searching ability of academic staff in the computing discipline: demographic attributes such as gender, age group, position held by the academic staff, highest qualification, etc; lecturing experience, research experience, English language proficiency, and web searching experience. The research objectives are achieved using a Likert-scale based questionnaire for 61 academic staff from Information Technology and Computer Science departments from four Universities from the Kwazulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed for data analysis from the questionnaire after performing data reliability and validity tests using factor analysis and Cronbach‟s coefficients methods on the PASW Statistics 18.0 (SPSS). Descriptive statistics revealed a majority of staff from IT as compared to staff in CS and, a majority of under qualified middle age male staff in junior positions with considerable years of lecturing experience but with little research experience. Inferential statistics show an association between web searching ability and demographic attributes such as academic qualifications, positions, and years of research experience, and also reveal a relationship between web searching ability and lecturing experience, and between web searching ability and English language ability. However, the association between position, English language ability, and searching ability was found to be the strongest of all. The novelty finding by this study is the effect of lecturing experience on web searching ability which has not been claimed by existing research reviewed. Ideas for future research include mentoring of academic staff by more experienced staff, training of novice web searchers, designing and using semantic search systems both in English and in local languages, publishing more web content in local languages, and triangulating various research strategies for the analysis of the usability of web search engines.

This research study, funded by the Leverhulme Trust as part of the CURLIEW project, explored how learners understand, construct, express, and manage identity when virtual worlds are utilized in higher education and how the virtual world itself might impact on concepts of identity. In particular, the study focused on aspects of learner identity from the physical world and learner identity in virtual worlds, the latter being a ‘translation’ of physical identity markers onto the avatar. The research builds on the experiences of 75 student participants, who employed virtual worlds as learning environments. A narrative research approach was applied to thematically analyze interview, focus group, and observational data, collected from two educational contexts at two British universities. Three themes emerged from the analysis and interpretation of these data, which are presented as narratives of Pursuit, Embodiment, and Resistance. The study makes two main contributions to existing knowledge on learning in virtual environments: firstly, it reveals that virtual worlds are ‘threshold concepts’, in which students need to be able to align their learner identities with the utilization of virtual worlds to integrate them successfully in their learning. Secondly, the study develops a five-dimensional typology of the ways in which students engage and manage identity directly in the virtual world through their avatars. This typology includes: dislocated avatars, representative avatars, avatars as toys and tools, avatars as extensions of self, and avatars as identity extensions. The study demonstrates that engagement with virtual worlds and avatars in the educational context can provide a valuable opportunity to foster critical thinking, if learner identities are given a central place in course design and delivery. Then, virtual world learning can enable students and tutors to reflect critically on what shapes, influences, and constrains identity in virtual worlds, in the physical world, in higher education, and beyond.

M. Tech. Business Information Systems / A Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) enables teaching and learning pedagogy that allows students to study without geographical barriers and time constraints. VLE promotes innovations in institutions of higher learning and encourages lecturers and students to move away from the face-to-face learning method to virtual learning pedagogy. The ability to learn anywhere, any time (which is what VLE is all about) was found to be the most appealing. Furthermore, VLE enables institutions of higher learning to enrol large numbers of students without having to worry about the size of the classroom. Global learning, as well as collaboration between leaners and lecturers is encouraged and supported through VLEs. Although institutions of higher learning spend huge amounts of money on technologies such as VLE, most VLEs are still not contextualized to cater for the needs of students in developing countries such as South Africa. This leads to the VLEs in developing countries not being effectively utilised. This study aims at designing a contextualized VL model that suits South African institutions of higher learning. The study identifies factors necessary for contextualizing VLE to fit the student's perspective in a developing country (in this case, South Africa).

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Web-based learning (WBL) versus those of traditional instructor-based learning (IBL) on student knowledge and satisfaction based on student learning styles. Other goals were to determine if WBL is more effective for those with a particular learning style. The study examined a sample of undergraduate students who were enrolled in the college algebra offered as both oncampus instructor-based (traditional) and Web-based at the university of North Texas (UNT). A total of 36 Web-based students and 58 instructor-based students participated in this study. This study utilized a posttest-only intact group. The Kolb Learning Style Inventory (LSI) measured the learning styles of students. This study used learning methods (Web-based learning (WBL), instructor-based learning (IBL)), and learning styles (Diverger, Converger, Assimilator, and Accommodator) as independent variables. Student knowledge and student satisfaction was measured at the end of the course as independent variables. Based upon the results of the LSI, post-learning exam, and satisfaction a series of two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA 4x2) techniques and independent variable tests was used for each of the dependent variables, knowledge and satisfaction, based on a student's learning styles. The results revealed that students' learning styles were statistically significant for knowledge when learning on the Web versus instructor-led. In addition, the learning style was important factor for Web-based learning. The results indicated students with Assimilator and Converger as learning styles received better result with the Web-based learning method. Furthermore, this study found there is significant difference in student satisfaction based on learning on the Web versus instructor-led. The outcome of the study could be of particular interest in educational institutions; especially those that want to transfer some of their traditional courses onto the Web. The finding also has implications for training organizations as they seek efficient and effective ways to satisfy their training needs.

M.Com. (Business Management) / Educational systems have experienced a paradigm shift in the 21st century worldwide, and Africa has not been left out. Let alone South Africa which is currently amongst Africa’s top technologically developed countries in Africa. Like in many other countries, the higher education sector in South Africa is a unique and super- complex system, because in addition to the universal change driving forces affecting it, a different impetus for change exists (Mapesela & Hay, 2006:77). Higher education institution models for delivering education are changing to meet new realities from a focus on providers and inputs to students and results. Reformation is no longer confined to the classroom, but has extended to South African public systems and their role in supporting change, advancing efficiency and effectiveness and in building networks capable of meeting students’ needs and supporting institutions at large. The retention of students can have a big financial advantage for the private higher educational institutions in South Africa, hence it has become important for educational institutions to build relationships with their students. The question of which factors influence customer retention and customer loyalty, presents itself. This study identified the antecedents to customer loyalty through the literature review which could possibly influence customer loyalty. This study focuses on the student experiences and satisfaction at the Milpark Business School in Johannesburg by analysing a number of factors that are assumed to impact these areas namely product experiences, moments of truth, peace of mind and outcome focus. The entry of ‘private’ providers of higher education coupled with declining government funding to public institutions is a response to the increasing demand for higher education that has caused a decline in the quality of graduates (Bunoti, 2011:1-2). Such concerns of student outcomes in private higher learning institutions have generated an interest of study to determine their experiences and consequently, their satisfaction. Milpark Business School is one of the private Higher Education Institutions in South Africa providing a Bachelor of Business Administration degree programme through distance learning and its entry requirements, processes, duration and study environments contribute immensely to student outcome. This study follows a descriptive research design. Literature concerning customer loyalty and the antecedents identified will be provided. The study makes use of a sample, which consists of students who are currently registered at Milpark Business School on the BBA Programme. A self-administered questionnaire was designed based on the theoretical literature provided within the study. The questionnaire measured several constructs which were identified through the literature review. The questionnaire made use of a set of statements relating to the theory, and a 5-point Likert scale that allowed respondents to select from five options ranging between strongly agree to strongly disagree. Various statistical analysis procedures were used to accomplish the objectives of the study, including factor analysis, and multiple and sideways regression techniques. The conclusion and findings of the study were found to support the objectives of the study and the results of the statistical analysis were found to accept the hypotheses of the study. The main conclusion and findings are that, although students are satisfied with regard to their interaction with and service provided by Milpark, improvements need to be made in terms of personal attention given to the students, especially by support staff. In particular, the handling of queries by support staff and lecturers needs to be improved in order to give speedy responses to the student in order to retain the student for the future. It is also clear that student satisfaction at Milpark Business School is influenced by the four antecedents namely product experience, outcome focus, moment of truth and peace of mind. Various recommendations for improving customer satisfaction were given, based on the findings of the statistical analysis. The empirical results indicate that all four independent variables significantly influence customer satisfaction, hence, all four variables are equally important to Milpark Business School, and the business needs to ensure that all these variables are correctly managed in order to improve customer satisfaction. Through this study it has become evident that there are various measures that could be implemented by Milpark Business School to improve customer satisfaction and ensure high levels of student retention. The study only investigated customer satisfaction at Milpark Business School, and therefore could not be generalised to other business schools. A study may need to be conducted on a number of such schools in future in order to get more information.

Thesis (MTech (Graphic Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. / Rapid advances in information technology and the Internet continue to create higher education learning solutions for the networked-world learner. Given the potential of these resources, opportunities and initiatives must be seized to promote the enhancement of student learning in higher education. The promise of faster communication networks and changes in students’ expectations have rendered urgent the understanding of technology and online learning for use in studio-based teaching and learning spaces in the networked global village of the 21st century. Paradoxically, however, the use of e-learning solutions in design-related education remains limited. In studio-based courses such as graphic and architectural design, for example, the facilitation of learning through electronic media at South African universities ranges from the minimal to the non-existent. A hands-on approach to studio-based teaching and learning is preferred, supported by the argument that it is hard to facilitate experiential learning through semi-synchronous online tools. The danger of this unsubstantiated model of thinking is that it is likely to lead to under-usage of Learning Management System (LMS) tools by educators in studio-based teaching and learning spaces. The problem is that no research has been done on this area in South Africa that is capable of providing conclusive evidence on which corrective measures can be based. Hence, the aim of this study is to understand the reasons for the limited adoption and use of LMSs in studio-based teaching and learning in South African higher education design-related disciplines. Within the interpretive epistemological paradigm, a qualitative research approach was adopted to source and analyse interview data from design students and lecturers at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT). An Activity Theory (AT) analytical framework was employed. The findings suggest that reservations regarding the use of LMSs are more a function of prevailing perceptions than they are substantive. Unfounded negative assumptions about the functionality, relevance (usefulness), accessibility and ease of use of the systems emerged as the leading constructions of and explanations for the challenges faced. The study provides not only clarity on LMS usage patterns in studio-based educational spaces, but also useful comparative data on how an activity theory-grounded in ActAD framework can enhance the analysis of LMS activities in studio-based teaching and learning within the curricula for subjects like graphic design and architecture.