Thesis (Psy. D.)--Wheaton College Graduate School, 2008. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 41-49).

Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Illinois University, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48-52).

Orientador: Eliana Mara Braga / Banca: Wilza Carla Spiri / Banca: Teresa Cristina Prochet / Resumo: Este estudo teve com objetivo conhecer o significado e a prática que os enfermeiros das unidades de urgência e emergência de um Município do interior do Estado de São Paulo têm sobre Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS). Foi um estudo qualitativo em que foram entrevistados 16 enfermeiros de duas unidades de urgência e emergência. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevista semiestruturada gravada em aparelho áudio e digital e o tratamento dos dados foi realizado por meio da Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados deste estudo foram organizados nas seguintes categorias temáticas: quanto ao significado da EPS para enfermeiros de unidades de urgência e emergência: os enfermeiros afirmam que é um programa de ensino permanente e progressivo que qualifica, estimula e ajuda os profissionais na resolução dos problemas do dia a dia; são ações estratégicas de saúde que promovem transformações individuais e institucionais. Quanto à prática da EPS em unidades de urgência e emergência: por meio de treinamentos e cursos de diversos temas, porém, que não atendem as expectativas dos envolvidos; capacitações e treinamentos restritos para os cargos de chefia e diretoria; e falta de estrutura organizacional para a prática de EPS. As conclusões deste estudo nos permitem considerar a necessidade de investimentos em habilidades comunicacionais para viabilizar a possibilidade de diminuir conflitos, ansiedade e os temores gerados pelo estresse do dia a dia. Isso exige envolvimento, sensibilidade, atenção, compreensão, diálogo, apoio, conforto e esclarecimento de dúvidas. A construção da EPS não é exclusividade da gestão, mas de todos os sujeitos responsáveis pela produção de saúde, incluindo, profissionais de saúde, usuários, prestadores de serviços, instituições de ensino, entre outros. Por mais que a EPS valorize o coletivo, não se pode esquecer que o ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study aimed to know the meaning and practice that nurses in urgency and emergency units in a district of São Paulo have on Continuing Health Education (EPS). It was a qualitative study which 16 nurses were interviewed in two emergency service units. Data was conducted through a semi-structured interview recorded on audio and digital equipment and data processing was dane through Content Analysis. The results were organized into the following themes: the meaning of the EPS for nurses that work in urgency and emergency units: the nurses say it is an permanent educational program that qualifies, encourages and helps professionals in solving problems during their wark; it is strategic actions in health that promote individual and institutional transformations. In the practice of EPS at urgency and emergency: through training and courses in some areas, however, that do not meet the expectations af people who work there; capacity building and training restricted to positions af leadership and management and lack of organizational structure for the practice of EPS. The findings of this study allow us to consider the need for investments in communication skills to make possible reduce conflicts, anxiety and fears that can happen in the stress of everyday life. This requires invalvement, sensitivity, caring, understanding, dialogue, support, comfort and c1arifyquestions. The construction of the EPS is not exclusive to management, but in ali subjects for the construction of health, including health professionals, users, service providers, educational institutions, and others. As much as the EPS value the collective, we can not forget that the collective consists of individuais who have singularities, which should strengthen the foundation for this construction / Mestre

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University.

Engineers have been presented, almost traditionally, as highly skilled specialists who tend to lack skills in the human relations area. This study evaluated a human relations training program for engineers which had been developed to fill the gap in their earlier training. The program is part of the Diploma in Administration for Engineers offered by the British Columbia Council on Continuing Education for Engineers in conjunction with the University of British Columbia. Three instruments were used in the study, namely the Leadership Opinion Questionnaire (LOQ), the Leadership: Employee Orientation and Differentiation Questionnaire (LEAD) and the Profile of Organizational Characteristics (Form-S). The LOQ is a well-established instrument which measures two variables identified as Consideration (C) and Structure (S). The LEAD instrument is relatively new and measures two variables, identified as Employee Orientation (E) and Differentiation (D), which are purported to be similar to the LOQ variables. The Form-S instrument was developed to establish profiles of the characteristics of an organization. On this study, it measured the subjects' perception of their organization at the time of the course (N = Now) and as they wanted it to be (L = Like). Matched control and experimental groups of engineers and technically-oriented personnel, each with fifteen subjects, were selected at a location in Northern British Columbia. The experimental group was exposed to approximately twenty-four hours of total course time, in two weekends spaced one month apart, of a structured human relations training course. The control group was not exposed to any training. Seven hypotheses were tested to determine the effects of the training course on the six variables of the LOQ, LEAD and Form-S instruments. Specifically, a positive increase for the C and E means of the experimental group was expected together with a positive correlation between these two variables. In addition, S and D for both the experimental and control groups were expected to remain unchanged and the two variables were expected to show positive correlation. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate

The purpose of this exploratory study was 1) to identify and illustrate a number of components of a scheme of interpretation used by children to comprehend and act according to social rules and conventions governing the appropriation of space, and 2) to develop and test a model for examining qualitative differences in such a scheme of interpretation, within and between various age groups. The model was based on two propositions: first that knowledge of the social structure and the social organization of space are two components of a scheme of interpretation, and second that such a scheme of interpretation will become more abstract, differentiated, and integrated with age. In the final study fifteen children were interviewed, including ten six year olds and five twelve and thirteen year olds. The interview focussed on the children's awareness of and justifications for social rules and conventions governing access to and use of private, semi-private, and public spaces in the neighborhood, school, and home. The model was successfully used in the analysis of the children's responses. Various aspects of their conceptions of the social structure and the social organization of space were explored. Their responses were also classified according to four levels posited in the model. It was found that most of the six year olds had an undifferentiated and concrete scheme of interpretation. They were aware of context-specific rules and conventions. When asked to explain or justify the rules they typically referred to the physical or social characteristics of the setting. By twelve or thirteen years of age the children had developed a more abstract, differentiated, and integrated scheme of interpretation. They often referred to concepts such as power or ownership to explain or justify the ability of various individuals to appropriate space. Thus, the results of this study suggest that an understanding of spatial appropriation involves not simply internalizing a 'catalogue' of social rules and conventions, but rather constructing a more complex scheme of interpretation consisting of knowledge of 1) the social structure, 2) the social organization of space, and 3) the relations between them. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Increasing evidence suggests that social experiences critically determine the manner in which individuals respond to painful events. Of the variety of social determinants of pain responses, social modeling has been among the most extensively studied. Conclusive evidence is available showing that exposure to models who exhibit tolerance or intolerance for noxious electrical stimulation produces matching behaviour on the part of subjects. However, questions related to the breadth of the changes induced, and the applicability of these findings to naturally-occurring painful experiences require further investigation. The present series of studies examined some of these issues. Experiment 1 re-evaluated the impact of social modeling on sensory-decision theory (SDT) indices of the response to pain. Following a baseline pre-assessment of pain threshold and tolerance, 30 female subjects were exposed to models displaying tolerance or intolerance for the stimulation, or an inactive companion. Under conditions of influence, subjects' behaviour approximated that of the model. After these effects had been induced, subjects underwent a SDT series during which they were exposed to stimuli from low, moderate, and high levels of current intensity. Results indicated that intolerant modeling was associated with increased sensory sensitivity at noxious levels of stimulation. Tolerant modeling was not associated with differential values of sensitivity-, suggesting that previous positive findings be qualified. Experiment 2 was concerned with the effects of tolerant and intolerant modeling on overt expressive displays. Videotapes taken of subjects in Experiment 1 were presented to 15 female observers who attempted to predict the levels of current that observed subjects were experiencing. SDT analyses of observers' judgments indicated that responses to intense stimuli were more readily discriminated than responses to less intense stimuli. The behaviour of subjects exposed to a tolerant model was less discriminable than that of intolerant subjects. The behaviour of intolerants was less discriminable than that of controls. It was argued that tolerant modeling produces reductions in overt; nonvocal expressions of pain. Experiment 3 examined whether modeling effects could be obtained with naturally-occurring groups, and the relative power of pain tolerant and intolerant behaviour. 127 female undergraduates underwent a screening for pain threshold levels. In a subsequent session, subjects participated either individually, or in pairs comprised of all combinations of subjects having high and low thresholds. Unidirectional influence was observed, with low threshold subjects inducing high threshold subjects to report pain sooner, and accept fewer currents. These results indicated that pain intolerant behaviour may be a more powerful social influence than pain tolerant behaviour, probably as a result of its imperative nature. Since the modeling effect was observable among naturally-occurring groups, the generalizability of laboratory to naturally-occurring pain phenomena was supported. Relationships between measures of pain based on psychophysical judgments and overt behaviour were examined within the context of a model that suggests that inducing alterations in pain behaviour may modulate the experience of pain. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

The current study examined the emergent nature of close relationship construals from the perspective of Action Identification Theory. Specifically, participants were induced to think about the actions of a romantic partner or close friend at a high- (i.e., overall meaning) or low- (concrete details) level, and then instructed to rate the validity of false feedback regarding the nature of their relationship (i.e., spontaneous, or predictable). Marginal support was found for the main prediction that focusing on low level details rather than high-level meaning would lead individuals to rate false high-level relational construals as more valid, although this effect was found only for those reporting on a romantic relationship, but not a close friendship. Further, exploratory analyses examining potential interaction effects demonstrated the relative influence of partner concept-clarity and relationship satisfaction on patterns of psychological emergence. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (MA)--Florida Atlantic University, 2021. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

The United States is a strikingly mobile nation. Every year almost 20% of its population changes residence and about 45% moves at least once every five years. Economic considerations are a major reason for relocation as persons seek new employment or are transferred by their corporations. Relocation, however, can be a stressful life experience. It removes individuals from daily routines, alters social networks, and may be accompanied by a mixture of sadness, excitement, anger and anxiety. It requires an enormous investment of physical and emotional energy to reestablish order and stability to one's life in a new city. At the same time, relocation can be a challenge, an opportunity for advancement and adventure, and a chance to reevaluate goals and directions. A critical factor influencing adaptation to a new city is an individual's social network. The very nature of moving, however, necessitates both the loss of previous social ties and the building of a new social network. There has been an absence of attention in previous research to the way in which networks evolve and change over time. This descriptive study investigated the development of a social network following geographic relocation. The sample consisted of seventy newly relocated, married males and females referred by organizations, colleges and universities, realtors, and personal contacts. Two structured interviews were completed three months apart. The data were analyzed using descriptive and correlational statistics. A qualitative analysis of questions regarding the experience of network development was also conducted. The results indicated that the size of the new social network changed little over time but did not reach the pre-move network size. There was an increase in levels of intimacy and the amount of social and community activity over time although pre-move levels were not attained. The building of a new network requires a considerable amount of time. A cross-sectional analysis of pre-move network data indicated it takes between 2.5 to 4.5 years in a community to attain stable levels of intimacy. The results suggested that network size stabilizes earlier than the level of intimacy. Subjects relied on their spouses for support: they received minimal social support from their new network members at time one and time two. Moreover, the new social networks were in transition and unstable. The majority of the network members named at time one were deleted at time two. Lack of time and work commitments were perceived as main obstacles to network development. Results showed that characteristics of the individual impact the development of a social network and the mobilization of social support. Gender, employment status, and social competence were the factors that most strongly influenced the social network. Although this sample was not characterized by high stress, health, finances, and work were the primary stressors. The subjects were relatively satisfied with all areas of their lives except for friendships. With the exception of homemakers, there was an increase in dissatisfaction with friendships over time. Corporations and community organizations might address this period of delayed social distress by facilitating social support at this critical time rather than ending their efforts soon after the individual arrives in the new city.

The purpose of this project was to develop a tool to clarify one concept of verbal interaction in marriage. This concept, Verbal Accessibility, was developed by Norman Polansky and defined as the degree of readiness of the individual to communicate verbally and to participate in communication about his determinant attitudes. Verbal Accessibility is dependent on two variables: l) the enduring characteristics of the individual, and 2) the release of inhibiting factors in a given situation. In order to facilitate the use of this concept in treatment, a scale was needed to measure Verbal Accessibility of both the person and of the attitudes in and about marriage. The present study began the development of such a scale. Results supported previous findings concerning the various aspects of marital interaction. The scale consisted of twenty questions intended to measure the Verbal Accessibility of certain determinant attitudes relevant for marital interaction. Four response categories were provided. The scale was administered to forty couples who were involved in marriage counseling: twenty at Family Counseling Service and twenty at the Court of Domestic Relations. Respondents were asked to indicate to what extent they would talk about feelings and concerns important in marriage with each of four target persons--Spouse, Relative, Confidant and Counselor. Following this self rating, each respondent rated his spouse's accessibility with himself as target person. The counselors were asked to rate the respondents using the same scale. These ratings were intended to serve as validity checks, but chi-square comparisons with self ratings proved inconclusive. The scale was constructed to measure the variable Verbal Accessibility in such a way that persons as well as items could be ranked along a continuum from least accessible to most accessible. As constructed, the twenty item scale tapped an unknown number of attitudes. Guttman Scalogram Analysis was used to determine whether we had succeeded in measuring single attitudes with at least some of the items. This procedure had the additional advantage of permitting examination of the conceptual meaning of the attitudes measured. Scalogram analysis was attempted with the responses to the four target persons for the men and women separately at both agencies. With the Spouse and Counselor as target persons, no scalable areas were found in the responses of all of the four groups because of the high percentage of positive ("accessible") responses which made scalogram analysis impossible. Scalar patterns were found in the responses with the Relative and Confidant as target persons for all four groups. Interpretations of the item content of the eight scalar patterns revealed what appeared to be a single underlying theme which is best expressed by Erving Goffman's concept of "impression management." This related to factors compelling and inhibiting communication in a given situation. This concept seemed prominent in the self avowed willingness to communicate all studied attitudes to the spouse as respondents attempted to conform to the ideal of a companionship marriage. The compelling force to be a “good client" and discuss all concerns with the Counselor seemed to be operating. Toward the Relative and Confidant, impression management reflected more discrimination inaccessibility. This suggested that the respondents would communicate selectively to these target persons in order to convey a given impression. Thus, data tended to conform to existing theories concerning marital patterns of communication. This led to the conclusion that with further refinements, an instrument useful to clinical practice could be produced. No measure of reliability was possible within the limits of the study. Methodological refinements are needed in the areas of item selection, separation of research from service and the control of response bias. Investigation of the effect of the personality variable could be pursued.