Entrepreneurship is a booming phenomenon in Taiwan and there are quite many research focusing on this domain continually. This research¡¦s aim is that entrepreneurship not only can create economical profits, but also is a link between social networks and interpersonal relationships. Emergence of entrepreneurial opportunities, change of social environment, establishment and maintenance of interpersonal and organization¡¦s network, knowledge learning and accumulation, are some of the indispensable factors for a successful entrepreneurship. In addition to the above, Taiwan depends heavily on its foreign trade; trade related industry holds quite a big contribution to the Taiwan economic growth. Therefore, this research adopts a trading company in gardening industry for case study, so as to know the problems and solutions, also to find out if there are any hidden implications from the story. This research is written in a narrative analysis method just to reorganize and annotate the hidden context throughout the presentation of episodes in one¡¦s life story. It is a story of an entrepreneur that grows out of nothing. Key words: Entrepreneurship, emergence of opportunities, interpersonal network, learning, gardening, narrative analysis method.

La thèse vise à étudier l’impact des réseaux interpersonnels sur la capacité à innover (innovativeness) des inventeurs. Les contributions académiques soulignent qu’il existe une forte relation entre les réseaux interpersonnels et la coopération interindividuelle. Le comportement coopératif apparaît comme le meilleur moyen de mener à bien un projet innovant, un projet complexe. Nous énonçons donc l’hypothèse selon laquelle les collaborations répétées au sein d’un réseau d’inventeurs ont une influence sur leur innovativeness. Nous avons choisi d’étudier plus particulièrement la capacité à innover des inventeurs fortement productifs en mobilisant des données sur les co-inventeurs de brevets. Une étude empirique portant sur 1157 inventeurs prolifiques français qui ont obtenu 30477 brevets sur la période 1975-2002 a donc été menée. Les résultats de la régression logistique corroborent notre hypothèse et montrent un impact significatif des collaborations répétées sur la capacité à innover des inventeurs prolifiques. / This thesis aims at studying the impact of interpersonal networks on the innovativeness of inventors. The academic literature underlined the strong relation between interpersonal networks and interpersonal cooperation. The cooperative behaviour appears as the best way to success in an innovative project, a complex project. We make here the hypothesis according to which repeated collaborations in a network of inventors have an influence on their innovativeness. We chose to study more particularly the capacity to innovate of strongly productive inventors by mobilizing data on the co-inventors of patents. We run an empirical study concerning 1157 French prolific inventors who obtained 30477 patents over the period 1975-2002. The results of the logistic regression confirm our hypothesis and show a significant impact of repeated collaborations on the capacity of prolific inventors to innovate.

由人類學家所定義的互惠經濟之交易行為與我們所認知的市場交易相較之下有幾個特殊之處，如，強調交易雙方的關係、主觀的價值判斷等，近來經濟學家也嘗試以各種不同的角度（如：訊息經濟學、賽局理論、實驗經濟學、制度經濟學）來探討此一耐人尋味的交易行為， Kranton 的文章就是其中的一個代表。 Kranton 認為互惠經濟與市場經濟制度的差異僅是一些人們的心理偏好如：對財貨多樣性的偏好、對未來消費偏好上的程度大小之選擇問題，另外制度本身有一種「自我延續」的機能，任一種制度越被人們所青睞也就更確認其普行於社會的地位。他認為制度與制度之間存在著一種「競爭」的關係，社會最終只能容許一種制度存留，而結果取決於上述的偏好因素以及某制度開始時的起始值大小。 惟我們認為 Kranton 的模型有許多不完美之處，根據他的缺失，我們有了以下的補充及發揮。首先，從交易關係來瞭解交易行為，可以將兩種制度「互相競爭」的單一思考角度擴充到有「互補」可能性的思考空間。我們認為一項交易的完成不僅是客觀上財貨的交換，其他相關的事項如交易雙方藉由交易互動來達成訊息探測的目的及交易雙方的關係因為一連串的交易所發生的變化等都是值得我們注意的。我們會看見兩種不同的制度（互惠經濟與市場經濟）在同樣一項交易上運作乃是因為這兩種制度所詮釋的功能及範圍有所不同，彼此相互輔助而不一定有衝突發生。 第二、我們分別推演了「貨幣」、「法律制度」、「物品交換知識累積」等因素對互惠經濟轉變成市場經濟的可能性。我們發現「貨幣」的出現影響了因為以物易物所無法避免的一種「跨期交換」的人情債，但是貨幣也僅是影響其中一個「交易互動」的機會而已，新的互動機會可以不因為貨幣的出現而受到影響。法律制度對交易細節的強力背書，可省去交易雙方為了交易過程中可能發生的不確定性所額外必須做的「關係功夫」，但是真正令雙方滿意的交易仍需要交易當事者主動探尋求得。物品交換知識的累積代表人們將一些彼此之間的共識客觀成熟化，所以通常互惠經濟成熟後，市場經濟就會跟著出現。 最後我們認為「訊息」是互惠經濟能步入「市場經濟」的一個重要關鍵。一個人面對市場經濟多樣化的選擇時必須擁有充分的訊息作為選擇的依據，惟市場本身能衍生出另一種「訊息市場」來。在訊息提供上不僅要考慮到訊息的「廣度」也要考慮到「深度」，互惠經濟所形成的人際網路能透過「瞭解」的機制來傳遞及過濾「適當」的訊息，但是人際網路一樣會有「遞移成本」及「維護成本」的問題，另外訊息在消費上的不具敵對性會減低訊息市場上供給者的提供誘因，我們將以上的所有考慮因素具體化為一個簡單的模型，並試圖找出在訊息上提供上，互惠經濟與市場經濟之間的「分水嶺」。 / Reciprocal economy , compared to the familiar market economy,is characterized byseveral features such as gift giving,social structure patterns,subjective valuesRecently,economists try to explain such ambigious behavior by means of game theory, experimental methods,and institutional views.Kranton's paper is oneexample. From Kranton's point of view,reciprocal economy differs with market economyonly in poople's preferences such as preferences for diversity of goods,preferences for future consumption. In addition,institution itself has mechanisms of self-sustaining which guarantees its pervasion. That reciprocal economy is competitive with market economy means that only one institution can survivewhich is dependent on social preferences and institution's initial value. Not satisfied with Kranton's model, we try another way to handle the probleminto three parts. First,in views of transaction relationships,we may say that each institution'ssurvival is dependent on the other's persistence. Second, "money", "laws", and "transaction knowledge" are all important factors influncing the transition from reciprocal economy to market economy.Third,"information completeness "is a key factor of the market economy and the provision of information is another choice problem between reciprocal economy and market economy.