La presente tesis propone una solución a la congestión vehicular ocasionado por el establecimiento de un proyecto multifamiliar a través de propuestas de mejora en la infraestructura vial, la cual reducirá las demoras por control y optimizará los niveles de servicio por medio de los parámetros de diseño del modelo de microsimulación de Wiedemann 74. En el primer capítulo contextualiza la problemática del tema de investigación, antecedentes de estudios, justificativa, hipótesis, objetivos y limitaciones de la investigación. En el segundo capítulo se desarrolla el marco teórico que respalda los criterios con los que se desarrollará el modelo de microsimulación y la propuesta de mejora. Se define los tipos de modelos de tránsito, los fundamentos de la microsimulación y conceptos que serán importantes al momento de realizar el análisis de resultados. El tercer capítulo describe la metodología que se utiliza desde la recolección de datos de campo hasta el modelo de microsimulación debidamente calibrado y validado. Además, se detalla la elaboración del modelo de microsimulación. En el cuarto capítulo se presentan el análisis de resultados obtenidos en la situación actual, en la situación del proyecto a 5 años sin implementar las propuestas de mejora y luego, se presentan las medidas de mitigación a los impactos negativos, los cuales involucra el diseño de la infraestructura vial y reajuste en los ciclos semafóricos. En el último capítulo se encontrarán las conclusiones y recomendaciones a las que se llegaron respondiendo así el objetivo general de la presente tesis. / This thesis proposes a solution to vehicular congestion caused by the establishment of a multi-family project through proposals for improvement in road infrastructure, which will reduce delays in control and optimize service levels through the design parameters of the Wiedemann microsimulation model 74. In the first chapter, it contextualizes the problems of the research topic, study background, justification, hypotheses, objectives and limitations of the research. In the second chapter, the theoretical framework that supports the criteria with which the microsimulation model will be developed and the improvement proposal will be developed. It defines the types of traffic models, the fundamentals of microsimulation and concepts that will be important when performing the results analysis. The third chapter describes the methodology used from the field data collection to the properly calibrated and validated microsimulation model. In addition, the elaboration of the microsimulation model is detailed. In the fourth chapter, the analysis of results obtained in the current situation is presented, in the situation of the project 5 years without implementing the improvement proposals and then, the mitigation measures to the negative impacts are presented, which involves the design of road infrastructure and readjustment in traffic light cycles. In the last chapter you will find the conclusions and recommendations that were reached thus responding to the general objective of this thesis. / Tesis

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Surface offsetting is a valuable tool used in Computer Aided Design (CAD). An offset surface is a collection of points that are at a constant distance from another surface. An offset surface is created in CAD by selecting a surface and then specifying the distance that the surface is to be offset. If a surface is selected and a distance of D is specified, then the resulting offset surface should always be distance D from the original surface. The surface offset tool can be used for many applications. Modeling of composites or other layered manufacturing processes rely heavily on offset surfaces. Thin walled parts such as injection molded components are often modeled using the offset tool. Coating processes can also be modeled using the offset tool. Modern CAD systems have surface offsetting tools and are widely used throughout industry. However, CAD systems often fail to produce valid results. The process of surface offsetting can often result in surface self-intersections as well as surface degeneracies. Self-intersections and degeneracies make the surfaces invalid because they are physically impossible to create and CAD systems cannot use these invalid surfaces to represent solid bodies. The surface offset tool is therefore, one of the most challenging CAD tools to implement. The process of avoiding, detecting and removing surface self-intersections is extremely challenging. Much research in the field of CAD is dedicated to the detection and removal of surface self-intersections. However, the methods proposed in the literature all suffer from robustness problems. The purpose of this research is to introduce a method that creates valid offset surfaces and does not suffer from the problem of creating surface self-intersections. This method uses a numerical approach that approximates the offset surface and avoids all self-intersections. Because no self-intersections are created, the method does not require intersection tests of any kind. The value of this method is demonstrated by comparing its results with results from leading CAD systems.

<p> A definition of polynomial differentiability of an arc in the real affine plane at a point is given. The differentiable points are classified with respect to the intersection and support properties of certain families of osculating polynomials. For a given point of an arc, these properties are used to define a certain n-tuple of integers, the characteristic of that point. It is shown that the polynomial order of polynomially differentiable interior point of an arc is at least as great as the sum of the digits of its characteristic.</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Rapid advances in speech recognition theory, as well as computing hardware, have led to the development of machines that can take human speech as input, decode the information content of the speech, and respond accordingly. Real-time performance of such systems is often dominated by the evaluation of likelihoods in the statistical modeling component of the system. Statistical models are typically implemented using Gaussian mixture distributions. The primary objective of this thesis was to develop an extension of the Bucket Box Intersection algorithm in which the dimension with the optimal number of splits can be selected when multiple minima are present. The effects of normalization of mixture weights and Gaussian clipping have also been investigated. We show that the Extended BBI algorithm (EBBI) reduces run-time by 21% without introducing any approximation error. EBBI also produced a 12% lower word error rate than Gaussian clipping for the same computational complexity. These approaches were evaluated on a wide variety of tasks including conversational speech.

Relative to other roadway segments, intersections occupy a small portion of the overall infrastructure; however, they represent the location for nearly 41 % of the annual automotive crashes in the United States. Thus, intersections are an inherently dangerous roadway element and a prime location for vehicle conflicts. Traditional safety treatments are effective at addressing certain types of intersection safety deficiencies; however, cumulative traffic data suggests these treatments do not address a large portion of the crashes that occur each year. Intersection Collision Avoidance Systems (ICAS) represent a new breed of countermeasures that focus on the types of crashes that have not been reduced with the application of traditional methods. Incursion systems, a subset of ICAS, are designed to specifically undertake crashes that are a result of the violation of a traffic control device. Intersection Collision Avoidance Systems to address Violations (ICAS-V) monitor traffic as it approaches the intersection through a network of in-vehicle sensors, infrastructure- mounted sensors, and communication equipment. A threat-assessment algorithm performs computations to predict the driver's intended intersection maneuver, based on these sensor inputs. If the system predicts a violation, it delivers a timely warning to the driver with the aim of compelling the driver to stop. This warning helps the driver to avoid a potential crash with adjacent traffic. The following dissertation describes an investigation of intersection approach behavior aimed at developing a threat assessment algorithm for stop-sign intersections. Data were collected at live intersections to gather infrastructure-based naturalistic vehicle approach trajectories. This data were compiled and analyzed with the goal of understanding how drivers approach intersections under various speeds and environmental conditions. Six stop-controlled intersection approaches across five intersections in the New River Valley, Virginia area were selected as the test sites. Data were collected from each site for at least two months, resulting in over sixteen total months of data. A series of statistical analysis techniques were applied to construct a set of threat assessment algorithms for stop-controlled intersections. These analyses identified characteristics of intersection approaches that suggested driver intent at the stop sign. Models were constructed to predict driver stopping intent based on measured vehicle kinematics. These models were thoroughly tested using simulation and evaluated with signal detection theory. The overall output of this work is a set of algorithms that may be integrated into an ICAS-V for on-road testing. / Ph. D.

Estimation of real-time travel times on arterial streets has been a challenging task due to the intersection control delay as well as bottleneck delay from the downstream link. Therefore, few transportation professionals have conducted research at utilizing the dynamic flow methods to estimate travel times on arterial street networks. This thesis is to develop dynamic flow algorithms that estimates the real-time travel time on an arterial street network by utilizing the traffic information obtained from detectors. A modified method to the one adopted in HCM2000 in computing the intersection control delay is developed and utilized to estimate the real-time travel time for a short-time interval update under non-incident and incident situations. Simulation model is developed in CORSIM to validate developed algorithms under different traffic situations. / Master of Science

This research analyzed and evaluated a new strategy for preemption of emergency vehicles along a corridor, which is route-based and adaptive to real-time traffic conditions. The method uses dynamic offsets which are adjusted using congestion levels to provide uninterrupted preempted green signal for the emergency vehicle throughout its route. By achieving a higher average emergency vehicle speed, this method promises faster emergency response which results in saving life and property as well as larger emergency service radius for the dispatch stations. The research evaluated the effectiveness of two possible algorithms for offset adjustment using measured vehicle queues. It is showed to reduce the emergency vehicle travel-time by 31 percent when compared to cases without preemption and 13 percent when compared to traditional method of individual-intersection preemption. / Master of Science

A consideration of the challenges that make airports such a difficult building type to design, use and visit; and a new airport that proposes to use unconventional layout, expansive windows and open sightlines to provide a more welcoming building to users, employees and visitors. / Master of Architecture