A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine. / The value of an allopathic medical school interview lies in its inherent ability to produce something of value that is unobtainable by other means: a rough assessment of the non‐ cognitive components of a viable candidate. Many allopathic institutions rely on the interview when determining applicant viability for both professional standards and institutional fit. However, applicants can distort the truth or train themselves to appear to exude any one of a number of admirable qualities for a brief period of time. Responses that reflect socially acceptable answers, rather than the true nature of an applicant’s character, represent forms of dishonesty. It is our belief that the high‐stakes setting of a conventional allopathic interview creates a moral hazard for prospective matriculates, such that applicants’ genuine responses are confounded with social desirability bias. Social desirability is often simplified for the research world to refer to the articulation of both self‐deceptive enhancement and impression management (IM). We sought to establish the presence of impression management and/or self‐deceptive enhancement tactics among interviewing allopathic medical school applicants. The presence of the aforementioned was determined using the 6th version of the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR), a validated inventory that relies on 40 self‐responses on a Likert scale to common situations. We offered the BIDR interview to all interviewing applicants to the University of Arizona College of Medicine ‐ Phoenix on three of the six interview days. This inventory was administered during a 10 minute break period offered directly after the completion of the university’s multiple mini interviews, so as to assess the presence or absence of social desirability as close to the high stakes setting as possible. We received 104 responses, 12 of which were not included in the dichotomous scoring because they were not completed in their entirety. Our findings from 92 allopathic medical school applicant respondents indicated that our average interviewing medical school applicant was engaging in impression management tactics above and beyond the oft‐referenced BIDR cutoff values, with an average of 7.543/20; however, they were not engaging in self‐deceptive enhancement tactics beyond their BIDR reference peers with an average of 6.27/20. Both self‐ deception and impression management exist on a spectrum; however the arbitrary cutoffs of honest impression management established by Paulhaus’ 6th version of the BIDR were exceeded. Our results indicate that the context of allopathic interviews is associated with increased levels of impression management tactics; conversely, it is not associated with increased self‐deceptive enhancement tactics.

Academic interest in the professional practice of sport psychology has meant a proliferation in models, theories, and guides to successful service provision, from gaining entry into practice to the evaluation and/or termination of service. However, there is an absence of research that examines the stage before practice can begin, and in particular, the formal employment interview. In order to address this gap in the literature, this thesis developed an understanding of the skills necessary to navigate the employment interview as a sport psychology consultant (SPC). The first study identified the features of experience that influenced gatekeepers to sport psychology s previous hiring decisions (study one). Assuming an interpretative phenomenological approach, data were collected through interviews with seven gatekeepers in positions directly responsible for hiring SPCs within United Kingdom elite sport organisations. The participants experiences were interpreted to be influenced by four key features of the sport psychologists; (a) consultant affability, (b) consultant confidence versus arrogance, (c) consultant collaboration, and (d) presentation of consultant competencies. These features of experience were then used to create two short video vignettes simulating the employment interview between gatekeeper and practitioner (study two). Utilising these vignettes to stimulate discussion, Trainee Sport Psychologists were interviewed (n=31) concerning their ability to identify interview skills, their perception of their own skills, the sources of such skills and how they could be developed. Findings revealed that despite possessing desirable levels of both affability and collaboration skills, participants reported low levels of confidence in sport psychology and the ability to present their competencies. Parent and peer attachment, educational background and specific experiential features were proposed as sources of these skills. In an attempt to further examine the potential interactions between these proposed sources of interview skills, currently accredited, practicing Sport Psychologists and those undertaking practical training routes (n=214) were surveyed (study three). The findings of this study indicated that a SPC s peer attachment, educational background, applied experience, and interview experience variably relate to self-perceived levels of consultant affability, confidence in sport psychology, collaboration, and presentation of competencies. However, there was no significant effect observed for parent attachment, as suggested within study two. Together, the studies within this thesis provide the first examination of the features of experience that have influenced historic consumer decisions within the hiring of SPCs, the skills which SPCs should possess in order to gain entry through an employment interview, and the sources from which these skills may be derived.

No description available.

This thesis analyses the detailed performativity and the intuitive act of photographing the Japanese dance form Butoh. It argues that the photographer’s embodied experience constitutes an ‘inner’ performance and introduces new terms: the photo-performance and the photo-actor. The author argues that the photo-performance, similarly to Butoh dance, manifests itself not only in physically apparent (visually perceived) movements but also within the multi-modal pre-reflective consciousness of the reciprocal interaction between the photo-actor and a Butoh dancer.Butoh has been widely photographed since it began in 1959 in Japan. However studies formalising the relationship between dancers and photographers have been largely absent in academic research so far. Butoh photographers such as Nourit Masson-Sekine (1988, 2006, 2008) or Maja Sandberg (2003) suggest that their photographic act places them closer to the performers than the rest of the audience and, as a result, they become part of the dance itself. However, Butoh dancers including Yoshito Ohno (1938 - ) and Tatsumi Hijikata (1928 – 1986) amongst others, express their concerns as to whether photographs can capture the essence of their art. This thesis confronts the tensions between the fields of dance and photography by elucidating the performative dimension of dance photography.This thesis brings the qualities of the Butoh photographer’s performative act to the forefront by using interdisciplinary methods to attain an intersubjective knowledge of the nature of the photographer’s experience. The methods include: a practical research presented in a form of case studies of the photographic projects carried out by the author in London with various Butoh dancers; an analysis of the structure of the photographer’s subjective experience through the use of first-person methodologies (an explicitation interview); an analysis of theories of theatre represented by Tadeusz Kantor (1915 – 199) and Jerzy Grotowski (1933 – 1999) whose work helps to develop the notion of a performative body; and a description of the photo-performance aesthetic and the performative potential of photographic documents informed by cognitive phenomenology. This thesis argues that drawing attention to the performativity of Butoh photography would contribute greatly to the pedagogical aspects of photography and performing arts.

No description available.

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

Zugl.: Göttingen, Univ., Diss., 2006

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Frankfurt (Oder), 2005.

Zugl.: Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 2008

Zugl.: Frankfurt (Oder), Univ., Diss., 2005