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Zugl.: Bochum, University, Diss., 2005.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1972. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-114).

To stem the spread of infectious diseases, epidemiologists use contact tracing interviews to identify individuals who may need treatment or, if indicated, quarantine or isolation. Given the high stakes, the most exhaustive list of potentially infected contacts must be reported. However, standard contact tracing procedures may fail to extract the most complete report possible from sick individuals. One of the most reliable methods for maximizing recall is the Cognitive Interview (CI). The CI uses several techniques grounded in psychological theory and was expected to increase the number of contacts listed during contact tracing interviewing compared to a standard contact tracing interview. In Study One, participants imagined they were infected with meningococcal meningitis, and reported every person with whom they had physical contact, shared saliva, or lived with over the previous three days (i.e., at a high risk for developing meningococcal meningitis). Participants were interviewed with either a CI or a standard interview. Results suggested that the CI generated 35% more total contacts listed, however, when examining only the contacts listed who would be at a high risk of meningococcal meningitis there was no significant difference between the CI and the standard interview. Study Two followed the same procedure as that in Study One, but added a manipulation of cognitive resources intended to model impairment experienced by individuals who are interviewed while suffering from acute illness. Participants completed (or did not complete) a working memory impairment task (pressed a spacebar on a keyboard every time 7 seconds passed) while reporting their physical contacts during either a CI or a standard interview. Results clearly demonstrated a superiority of the CI in generating both more total contacts and more contacts at a risk of meningococcal meningitis than the standard interview. However, when the working memory impairment task was completed, the CI generated no more contacts than the standard interview. Findings have serious implications for contact tracing interviewing for infectious diseases such as Ebola and Zika. In light of the findings, we recommend the CI be considered as an alternative to the typical contact tracing interview, particularly if the interviewee is not cognitively impaired.

The research discussed in this thesis was the first to analyse the use of the Appropriate Adult for mentally disordered adult suspects in the police station. The role of the Appropriate Adult raises questions about how, and under what circumstances should mentally disordered suspects be detained and interviewed in the police station? The Appropriate Adult is the only special protection provided for mentally disordered suspects during their detention and interrogation. The Appropriate Adult's role and function is defined in Code C of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984. The role of the Appropriate Adult is to ensure that the suspect's rights are respected, the suspect understands the procedures involved and that the police adhere to the Code, thereby minimising the risk of the police obtaining unreliable evidence from the suspect e. g. false confessions. The data in this thesis shows that the use of the Appropriate Adult is rarely used. Out of the study of 20.805 custody records in four police stations in three police areas during 1992, it was found that an Appropriate Adult was used for only 38 mentally disordered adult suspects. The research also showed that at least a further 448 mentally vulnerable suspects should have had an Appropriate Adult called for them. Some of the reasons why the Appropriate Adult protection is neglected are examined and in so doing many socio/legal questions are raised such as: false confessions, miscarriages of justice, the amendment to the `right to silence, ' confidentiality, the roles of the custody officer, solicitors and police surgeons, and last but not least, the role and function of the Appropriate Adult. While there is growing concern about the ability of persons asked to act as Appropriate Adults the thesis includes a case study of a volunteer Appropriate Adult Scheme that provides some answers to the many issues raised and points the way to future development of those suspects detained and interviewed in the police station.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--York University, 2000. Graduate Programme in Psychology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-128). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ59118

Child maltreatment affects millions of children annually, and evidence-based home visiting programs, such as SafeCare®, help increase parenting skills and, ultimately, the well-being of children. Although effective at reducing maltreatment when participants complete services, high attrition rates in home visiting services may reduce this effectiveness. Using a sample of all clients receiving SafeCare services in Georgia (n=93) from October 2013 to February 2015, we evaluated individual characteristics, information seeking behaviors, and programmatic factors in order to understand the relationships, if any, with participant program completion. During this evaluation cycle, SafeCare reports a completion rate of 43%. The race of the primary guardian significantly relates to program completion (p=0.02). This evaluation can assist those implementing SafeCare to anticipate the needs of their target population.

Introduction: Pediatric obesity prevention and management is a high priority for pediatric providers. Pediatric providers use evidence-based clinical guidelines to integrate the best current recommendations into practice. The contention of this inquiry is that while practice guidelines and obesity programs address the "who, what, when, where, and why" of pediatric obesity interventions, the guidelines fail to address the "how" of the process that bolsters adherence and attacks the high attrition rates of obesity management. Objective: The objective of this practice inquiry is to evaluate Prevention and Treatment for Pediatric Obesity: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline Based on Expert Opinion using the Appraisal for Guidelines and Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument and to investigate techniques to improve adherence to the lifestyle changes recommended in the guideline, by synthesizing the current research for using motivational interviewing with obese pediatric patients, and propose a plan for translating the intervention to measurable outcomes. Methods: Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Obesity: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline Based on Expert Opinion was evaluated using the AGREE II instrument. The current recommendations are detailed based on the findings of a review of the literature. Using the RE-AIM framework, recommendations are made to determine the translation potential for the use of motivational interviewing to improve adherence to lifestyle recommendations, thus improving the current clinical practice guideline. Results: Review of the Endocrine Society's CPG using the AGREE II instrument yielded an overall guideline quality rating of 6/7. The guideline is recommended for use with modifications to improve applicability. Integration of MI to the practice guideline and the use of the RE-AIM framework to improve uptake of the intervention is proposed to address the weaknesses in applicability revealed in the guideline evaluation. Conclusion: The CPG reviewed in this PI provides quality recommendations for the treatment and prevention of pediatric obesity. By integrating MI techniques and using the RE-AIM framework, pediatric providers may be able to bolster adherence to the guideline recommendations and ultimately improve clinical outcomes and impede the rising pediatric obesity rates. Future research should include evaluation of MI interventions in the pediatric clinical setting.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Canterbury, 2007. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-141). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- McMaster University, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-154). Also available via World Wide Web.