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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

PATOLOGIA OCULAR EM ANIMAIS DOMÉSTICOS / OCULAR PATHOLOGY IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS

Martins, Tessie Beck 19 January 2015 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This doctoral thesis involved the study of ocular and periocular diseases affecting domestic animals, and included one manuscript about lesions of surgical pathology and one manuscript about hyphema in dogs and cats submitted to necropsy. In the first part, 33,075 reports of hystopathological exams performed in a veterinary pathology diagnostic laboratory in the Central Region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, over 50 years. From the total amount, 540 (1.6%) concerned ocular and periocular lesions. For various reasons ninety specimens were excluded from the study, 450 remaining. More than half of all cases consisted of samples from dogs (53.5%), followed by cattle (28.2%), cats (11.1%), horses (5.1%) sheep (1.3%), rabbits (0.4%), and pig (0.2%). The eyelids were the most prevalent (248/450) site of lesions in each of the species studied, followed by third eyelid (73/450), and conjunctiva (27/450). In dogs lesions in sebaceous glands were the most common findings (75/241), followed by melanocytic tumors and nonspecific conjunctivitis. In cattle, anatomical sites affected by ocular and periocular lesions, in decreasing order of frequency, were eyelid, cornea and third eyelid. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) alone accounted for 80.3% of all lesions diagnosed in cattle. Neoplasia accounted for most of the lesions diagnosed in cats (39/50 cases); all of these were malignant, and SCC, hemangiosarcoma and fibrosarcoma were the most common types diagnosed. In horses, 19 out of 23 submissions were neoplasms and most were sarcoid (8/23) and SCC (8/23). In sheep, all samples represented SCC of the eyelids (5) and third eyelid (1). For the second manuscript, cases of hyphema in dogs and cats submitted to necropsy were examined. Twenty cases, 14 dogs and six cats of several ages and breeds and of both sexes were included in the study. Hyphema presented as a unilateral (14 cases out of 20) or bilateral (6/20) disorder in dogs and cats and extension of hemorrhage varied from minimal to diffuse. Hyphema was secondary to systemic disease (15/20) or occurred as a primary ocular lesion (5/20) in four dogs and one cat. Primary hyphema was always unilateral. In four of these cases, the cause of hyphema was trauma and remaining case was caused by phacoclastic uveitis in a dog with bilateral hypermature cataract. Various causes of bleeding disorders were found related to secondary hyphema: in decreasing order of frequency, they included vasculitis (8/15), systemic hypertension (5/15), and acquired coagulopathies (2/15). / Esta tese envolveu o estudo de doenças oculares e perioculares de animais domésticos, e incluiu um artigo sobre lesões de patologia cirúrgica e um artigo sobre hifema em cães e gatos submetidos à necropsia. Para o primeiro trabalho, foram examinados 33.075 laudos de exames histopatológicos realizados num laboratório de diagnóstico de patologia veterinária na Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul durante 50 anos. Destes, 540 (1,6%) eram de lesões oculares e perioculares. Por várias razões, 90 espécimes foram excluídos do estudo, restando 450. Mais da metade dos casos correspondiam a espécimes de cães (53,5%), seguidos por bovinos (28,2%), gatos (11,1%), cavalos (5,1%), ovelhas (1,3%), coelhos (0,4%), e porco (0,2%). As pálpebras foram o local mais prevalente (248/450) de ocorrência das lesões em cada uma das espécies, seguidas da terceira pálpebra (73/450) e conjuntiva (27/450). Em cães, as lesões nas glândulas sebáceas consistiram nos achados mais comuns, seguidos dos tumores melanocíticos e de conjuntivites inespecíficas. Em bovinos, os locais anatômicos afetados por lesões perioculares e oculares, em ordem decrescente de frequência, foram pálpebra, córnea e terceira pálpebra. Somente o carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) perfez 80,3% de todas as lesões diagnosticadas em bovinos. Em gatos, a maioria (39/50 casos) das lesões diagnosticadas era de neoplasia maligna, e CCE hemangiossarcoma e fibrosarcoma foram os diagnósticos mais frequentes. Em equinos 19 de 23 submissões eram neoplasmas e os mais comuns foram sarcoide (8/23) e CCE (8/23). Em ovinos, todas as amostras correspondiam a casos de CCE de pálpebra (5/6) ou terceira pálpebra (1/6). Para o segundo trabalho, casos de hifema em cães e gatos submetidos à necropsia foram examinados. Vintes casos, 14 cães e seis gatos de várias idades e raças e de ambos os sexos foram incluídos no estudo. O hifema teve uma apresentação unilateral (14 casos dos 20) ou bilateral (6/20), e a extensão da hemorragia variou de mínima a difusa. O hifema era secundário à doença sistêmica (15/20) ou ocorreu como lesão ocular primária em cinco dos 20 casos (quatro cães e um gato). O hifema primário foi sempre unilateral; a causa foi traumatismo em quatro desses casos, e o caso restante foi causado por uveíte facoclástica em um cão com catarata hipermadura bilateral. Várias causas de distúrbios hemorrágicos foram encontradas em relação ao hifema secundário: em ordem decrescente de frequência foram: vasculite (8/15), hipertensão sistêmica (5/15) e coagulopatias adquiridas (2/15).

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