Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 8 uppsatser.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Hamburg, 1977.

Significant morbidity and mortality continues to be associated with breast cancer and its treatments. Fisetin, a phytochemical that is present in many fruits and vegetables, has demonstrated anticancer activity. My research explores fisetin as a possible novel therapeutic modality for breast cancer. Breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-468, MDA- MB-231, MCF-7, T47-D, SKBR-3; mitoxantrone-resistant (MITX) and paclitaxel- resistant (Tx400) cell lines) were exposed to fisetin and cell survival was assessed by MTT, crystal violet, acid phosphatase, and colony-forming assays. Normal cells (human mammary epithelial cells, fibroblasts, human umbilical vein endothelial cells) were used as negative controls. The mechanism of action of fisetin was explored using cell cycle analysis and assays for apoptosis/necrosis, including Annexin V-propidium iodide staining and LDH-release. Apoptosis induction pathways were studied using Western blotting, as well as caspase inhibitors and cell viability assays. Flow cytometry was used to assess mitochondrial membrane stability (DiOC6 staining) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (dihydroethidium staining). Fisetin had a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cell lines (e.g., 100 ?M fisetin decreased MDA-MB-468 cell number by 70% at 72h in both crystal violet and acid phosphatase assays). In contrast, the viability of normal cells was not substantially affected by concentrations of fisetin that killed breast cancer cells. Fisetin-treated breast cancer cells showed cell cycle arrest (MDA-MB-468 cells arrested at G2/M phase; MDA-MB-231 cells arrested in S- phase) and death by apoptosis (e.g., MDA-MB-468 cells showed up to 50% apoptosis and 8% late apoptosis/necrosis by Annexin V-staining; cell cycle analysis and LDH- release assays supported these results). Fisetin-induced apoptosis was associated with mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, as well as activation of the caspase cascade since the pro-apoptotic effect of fisetin was reduced in the presence of a pan-caspase inhibitor. In addition, fisetin did not cause ROS production in MDA-MB-468 or 231 cells, ruling out a role for ROS in fisetin-mediated cytotoxicity. My findings suggest that fisetin may be useful in the treatment of breast cancer.

Cartas al editor

Cartas al editor

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by Chan Hei. / "July 2003." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 235-247). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Thesis (MPH)--University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2011. / BACKGROUND: In Botswana, cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women (18), and the Southern Africa regional prevalence rate of cervical cancer is 15.5% (25). In Nyangabgwe Referral Hospital, cervical cancer is the most common malignancy admitted in the gynecology ward, contributing 73% and 78% of all malignancy admissions in 2007 and 2008 respectively. It is estimated that 200,000 to 300,000 women die from cervical cancer every year, mostly in poor countries (1). The study intends to create more awareness on the importance cervical cancer screening in Nyangabgwe Referral Hospital and catchment areas. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to improve the uptake of cervical cancer screening by integrating a health promotion component to the standard program. Methods: The study was an interventional quantitative research. Two populations were selected for the study namely women attending Nyangabgwe Referral Hospital and the clinics in Francistown (the research group) and women attending Princess Marina Hospital (the control group). The population of women attending Nyangabgwe Referral Hospital was exposed to health promotion. The second population of women attending Princess Marina Hospital was unexposed to the health promotion intervention. A pre-test quantitative trend of cervical cancer screening patterns was collected from June to September 2009 in the health facilities before the intervention from October 2009 to January 2010. Intervention was conducted in the study sites and was followed by a post - test quantitative measure of cervical cancer screening trends in both the research group and the control groups. Instruments for the health promotion were; flyers with translations in English and Setswana given to participants, posters which were posted at various strategic positions in the hospital and as well as in female wards. The population of study was all women attending Nyangabgwe Referral Hospital and its catchment clinics (the study site). Interactive health education sessions were provided to the population. Questionnaires which had Setswana translation were administered to respondents who were screened for cervical cancer in the study and control sites. Results: The analysis of finding revealed that the total uptake of Pap smear test was higher during the period of intervention than in the pre-intervention period in all the sites and for all the age groups. Among the health promotion activities, the effect of health education talks in the hospital and clinics was greater (67%), than the effects of flyer or pamphlets (35%) and posters in hospitals and clinics (17%) in escalating uptakes of cervical cancer screening services. Conclusions: The standard cervical cancer screening program alone as designed and executed by health care workers is not enough to stimulate the desired response of increase access to cervical cancer screening services, because many women usually are left out. Recommendations: The study results call for the need of instituting a visible and accountable comprehensive health promotion component to the standard cervical cancer screening program in order to sustain a steady cervical cancer screening uptake that will result in the expected decline in morbidity and mortality due to cervical cancer disease.

Introduction Controversy continues over the extent of surgical resection margin required to minimize the risk of local recurrence (LR) in breast conserving therapy (BCT) for stage I and II breast cancer. This thesis explores whether or not a narrow (less than or equal to 2 mm) but negative resection margin in BCT for stage I and II breast cancer affects LR. Methodology To address the question, all patients registered at the Saskatoon Cancer Center between January 1, 1991 and December 31, 2000 with a diagnosis of stage I or II invasive duct carcinoma of the breast treated with BCT were examined. All charts and pathology reports were reviewed with a review of the pathology for all cases where the resection margin was unclear in the original report. Other factors know or thought to effect LR (age, radiation boost, grade, extensive duct carcinoma in situ, ER/PR receptor status, tumor size, and systemic adjuvant therapy) were considered in the statistical analysis. Results Amongst the 200 narrow margin cases 19 LR were detected (19/200=9.5%) while 52 LR were detected in the 491 wide margin cases (52/491=10.6%). This difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions A narrow (less than or equal to 2 mm) surgical resection margin does not result in an increase in local recurrence compared to a surgical resection margin greater than 2 mm in breast conserving therapy for early stage duct carcinoma and does not warrant re-excision.

Introduction Controversy continues over the extent of surgical resection margin required to minimize the risk of local recurrence (LR) in breast conserving therapy (BCT) for stage I and II breast cancer. This thesis explores whether or not a narrow (less than or equal to 2 mm) but negative resection margin in BCT for stage I and II breast cancer affects LR. Methodology To address the question, all patients registered at the Saskatoon Cancer Center between January 1, 1991 and December 31, 2000 with a diagnosis of stage I or II invasive duct carcinoma of the breast treated with BCT were examined. All charts and pathology reports were reviewed with a review of the pathology for all cases where the resection margin was unclear in the original report. Other factors know or thought to effect LR (age, radiation boost, grade, extensive duct carcinoma in situ, ER/PR receptor status, tumor size, and systemic adjuvant therapy) were considered in the statistical analysis. Results Amongst the 200 narrow margin cases 19 LR were detected (19/200=9.5%) while 52 LR were detected in the 491 wide margin cases (52/491=10.6%). This difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions A narrow (less than or equal to 2 mm) surgical resection margin does not result in an increase in local recurrence compared to a surgical resection margin greater than 2 mm in breast conserving therapy for early stage duct carcinoma and does not warrant re-excision.