Spelling suggestions: "subject:"intravascular ultrasonography"" "subject:"intravasculair ultrasonography""
11 |
Análises morfológica e dinâmica da coronária baseadas no processamento tridimensional de exames de ultrassonografia intravascular / Morphological and dynamic analysis of the coronary based on tridimensional image processing of intravascular ultrasound examinationMonica Mitiko Soares Matsumoto 05 November 2010 (has links)
Na prática intervencionista, a ultrassonografia intravascular (USIV) é usada para se obter informações quantitativas e qualitativas do acometimento aterosclerótico, de forma complementar à angiografia. Esta tese teve como objetivos explorar a característica tomográfica do exame de USIV, bem como sua dinâmica dentro do ciclo cardíaco. Para isso, desenvolvemos técnicas de processamento de imagens médicas. Primeiramente, investigamos a reconstrução tridimensional da coronária baseando-nos apenas nas imagens de USIV, ou seja, sem a angiografia, como é feita a reconstrução atualmente. Na análise da dinâmica, fizemos um estudo para dispor volumes da coronária em diferentes fases do ciclo cardíaco de forma que estivessem alinhados espacialmente. Como consequência dos tratamentos propostos anteriormente, realizamos estudos sobre a quantificação de propriedades mecânicas dentro das condições oferecidas no intervalo de um ciclo cardíaco. As metodologias propostas foram aplicadas em simulações numéricas desenvolvidas neste trabalho e em exames reais. Obtivemos resultados compatíveis com os objetivos iniciais para reconstrução tridimensional da USIV em simulações numéricas. Na análise da dinâmica, a reconstrução de volumes em diferentes fases do ciclo e o alinhamento espacial possibilitaram a quantificação da variação setorial de volume da luz do vaso durante o ciclo cardíaco / In percutaneous coronary interventions, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) examination is used to retrieve quantitative and qualitative information about the atherosclerotic plaque progression, complementary to angiography examination. This thesis has as objectives to explore the tomographic characteristic of the IVUS examination, as well as its dynamics within a cardiac cycle. For that purpose, medical image processing techniques were developed. Firstly, we have investigated how to reconstruct the tridimensional coronary based only on IVUS images, that is, without angiography, as it is done nowadays. Regarding dynamic analysis, we have studied models to build volumes of the coronary in distinct phases of the cardiac cycle in a spatial aligned way. Conversantly, as a consequence of the previous image processing methods, we have studied the quantification of mechanical properties of the vessel wall within a cardiac cycle. The methodologies proposed were applied in numeric phantoms developed in this work and also in real IVUS examinations. As result, tridimensional reconstruction was successful in the numeric phantom approach. In dynamics analysis, the reconstruction in distinct cardiac phases and volumes spatial alignment enabled the quantification of lumen volume variation during the cardiac cycle
|
12 |
Biomechanical and morphological characterization of common iliac vein remodeling: Effects of venous reflux and hypertensionBrass, Margaret Mary January 2014 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The passive properties of the venous wall are important in the development of venous pathology. Increase in venous pressure due to retrograde flow (reflux) and obstruction of venous flow by intrinsic and extrinsic means are the two possible mechanisms for venous hypertension. Reflux is the prevailing theory in the etiology of venous insufficiency. The objective of this thesis is to quantify the passive biomechanical response and structural remodeling of veins subjected to chronic venous reflux and hypertension. To investigate the effects of venous reflux on venous mechanics, the tricuspid valve was injured chronically in canines by disrupting the chordae tendineae. The conventional inflation-extension protocol in conjunction with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was utilized to investigate the passive biomechanical response of both control common iliac veins (from 9 dogs) and common iliac veins subjected to chronic venous reflux and hypertension (from 9 dogs). The change in thickness and constituent composition as a result of chronic venous reflux and hypertension was quantified using multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and histological evaluation. Biomechanical results indicate that the veins stiffened and became less compliant when exposed to eight weeks of chronic venous reflux and hypertension. The mechanical stiffening was found to be a result of a significant increase in wall thickness (p < 0.05) and a significant increase in the collagen to elastin ratio (p < 0.05). After eight weeks of chronic reflux, the circumferential Cauchy stress significantly reduced (p < 0.05) due to wall thickening, but was not restored to control levels. This provided a useful model for development and further analysis of chronic venous insufficiency and assessment of possible intervention strategies.
|
Page generated in 0.087 seconds