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Duisburg, Essen, Univ., Diss., 2003. / Computerdatei im Fernzugriff.

Duisburg, Essen, Universiẗat, Diss., 2003.

Paderborn, Universiẗat, Diss., 2004.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2005--Düsseldorf.

Neste trabalho foi estudado o efeito de altas pressões, temperatura e bombardeamento de íons em ligas Invar FeNi. Analisamos os resultados destes diferentes tratamentos, principalmente através das técnicas de Efeito Mõssbauer por transmissão e por elétrons de conversão, medidas de temperatura de Curie e difração de raio-X. A investigação com pressões de até 10 GPa, para diferentes concentrações da liga FeNi, mostrou que a pressão não favorece a ordenação e separação de fases. No estudo da temperatura de Curie de ligas com concentração em torno de 30 at.% de Ni, como função do tempo de recozimento para diferentes temperaturas, observamos um aumento em Tc de mais de 20°C, em temperaturas da ordem de 340°C. A variação de T c com o tempo foi similar à observada em ligas amorfas, sendo interpretada como um rearranjo atômico, numa escala muito pequena. A energia de ativação para o processo foi estimada em torno de 1.5 eV, indicando o movimento de vacâncias congeladas como o principal mecanismo de relaxação. No estudo dos efeitos de bombardeamento com íons de Ar, Ne e Kr, para diferentes doses e temperaturas, em ligas com concentrações em torno de 30 e 40 at.% de Ni, observamos uma separação de fases, para as amostras bombardeadas com Ne e Ar, mas nenhuma evidência de ordenação, como ocorre em amostras irradiadas com elétrons e neutrons. Para o bombardeamento com Kr, não observamos nenhuma mudança, exceto para as amostras que já apresentavam separação de fases, as quais voltaram a seu estado inicial de fase única. Estes resultados indicam que existe uma predominância de mistura para bombardeamento com íons pesados, e de difusão auxiliada por irradiação para íons leves. / We studied in this work the effect of high pressure, temperature and ion bombardment in FeNi Invar alloys. The results of the different treatments were analysed mainly, by Transmission MOssbauer Spectroscopy, Conversion Electron MOssbauer Spectroscopy, measurements of Curie temperature and X-Ray diffraction. The pressure investigation until 10 GPa, for different concentrations of the FeNi alloy, showed that pressure does not favour ordering and phase separation. The study of Curie temperature of alloys near 30 at.% de Ni, as a function of the annealing time at different temperatures showed an increase in Tc of more than 20°C, with annealing at temperatures as low as 340°C. The change in Tc with time was similar to that observed in amorphous alloys, and was interpreted as an atomic rearrangement, in a very small scale. The activation energy for the process was estimated to be about 1.5 eV, indicating movement of quenched-in vacancies as the main relaxation mechanism. The study of the effect of ion bombardment at different doses and temperature, with Ar, Ne and Kr, in FeNi alloys with 30 e 40 at.% de Ni, indicated a phase separation, for samples bombarded with Ne and Ar, but no evidence of ordering, as in samples irradiated with electrons and neutrons. For bombardment with Kr, we didn't observe any change, but samples already showing a phase separation, returned to the single phase state. Our results give evidences of prevalence of mixing for bombardment with heavy ions, and of radiation enhanced diffusion for bombardment with lighter ions.

Neste trabalho foi estudado o efeito de altas pressões, temperatura e bombardeamento de íons em ligas Invar FeNi. Analisamos os resultados destes diferentes tratamentos, principalmente através das técnicas de Efeito Mõssbauer por transmissão e por elétrons de conversão, medidas de temperatura de Curie e difração de raio-X. A investigação com pressões de até 10 GPa, para diferentes concentrações da liga FeNi, mostrou que a pressão não favorece a ordenação e separação de fases. No estudo da temperatura de Curie de ligas com concentração em torno de 30 at.% de Ni, como função do tempo de recozimento para diferentes temperaturas, observamos um aumento em Tc de mais de 20°C, em temperaturas da ordem de 340°C. A variação de T c com o tempo foi similar à observada em ligas amorfas, sendo interpretada como um rearranjo atômico, numa escala muito pequena. A energia de ativação para o processo foi estimada em torno de 1.5 eV, indicando o movimento de vacâncias congeladas como o principal mecanismo de relaxação. No estudo dos efeitos de bombardeamento com íons de Ar, Ne e Kr, para diferentes doses e temperaturas, em ligas com concentrações em torno de 30 e 40 at.% de Ni, observamos uma separação de fases, para as amostras bombardeadas com Ne e Ar, mas nenhuma evidência de ordenação, como ocorre em amostras irradiadas com elétrons e neutrons. Para o bombardeamento com Kr, não observamos nenhuma mudança, exceto para as amostras que já apresentavam separação de fases, as quais voltaram a seu estado inicial de fase única. Estes resultados indicam que existe uma predominância de mistura para bombardeamento com íons pesados, e de difusão auxiliada por irradiação para íons leves. / We studied in this work the effect of high pressure, temperature and ion bombardment in FeNi Invar alloys. The results of the different treatments were analysed mainly, by Transmission MOssbauer Spectroscopy, Conversion Electron MOssbauer Spectroscopy, measurements of Curie temperature and X-Ray diffraction. The pressure investigation until 10 GPa, for different concentrations of the FeNi alloy, showed that pressure does not favour ordering and phase separation. The study of Curie temperature of alloys near 30 at.% de Ni, as a function of the annealing time at different temperatures showed an increase in Tc of more than 20°C, with annealing at temperatures as low as 340°C. The change in Tc with time was similar to that observed in amorphous alloys, and was interpreted as an atomic rearrangement, in a very small scale. The activation energy for the process was estimated to be about 1.5 eV, indicating movement of quenched-in vacancies as the main relaxation mechanism. The study of the effect of ion bombardment at different doses and temperature, with Ar, Ne and Kr, in FeNi alloys with 30 e 40 at.% de Ni, indicated a phase separation, for samples bombarded with Ne and Ar, but no evidence of ordering, as in samples irradiated with electrons and neutrons. For bombardment with Kr, we didn't observe any change, but samples already showing a phase separation, returned to the single phase state. Our results give evidences of prevalence of mixing for bombardment with heavy ions, and of radiation enhanced diffusion for bombardment with lighter ions.

Neste trabalho foi estudado o efeito de altas pressões, temperatura e bombardeamento de íons em ligas Invar FeNi. Analisamos os resultados destes diferentes tratamentos, principalmente através das técnicas de Efeito Mõssbauer por transmissão e por elétrons de conversão, medidas de temperatura de Curie e difração de raio-X. A investigação com pressões de até 10 GPa, para diferentes concentrações da liga FeNi, mostrou que a pressão não favorece a ordenação e separação de fases. No estudo da temperatura de Curie de ligas com concentração em torno de 30 at.% de Ni, como função do tempo de recozimento para diferentes temperaturas, observamos um aumento em Tc de mais de 20°C, em temperaturas da ordem de 340°C. A variação de T c com o tempo foi similar à observada em ligas amorfas, sendo interpretada como um rearranjo atômico, numa escala muito pequena. A energia de ativação para o processo foi estimada em torno de 1.5 eV, indicando o movimento de vacâncias congeladas como o principal mecanismo de relaxação. No estudo dos efeitos de bombardeamento com íons de Ar, Ne e Kr, para diferentes doses e temperaturas, em ligas com concentrações em torno de 30 e 40 at.% de Ni, observamos uma separação de fases, para as amostras bombardeadas com Ne e Ar, mas nenhuma evidência de ordenação, como ocorre em amostras irradiadas com elétrons e neutrons. Para o bombardeamento com Kr, não observamos nenhuma mudança, exceto para as amostras que já apresentavam separação de fases, as quais voltaram a seu estado inicial de fase única. Estes resultados indicam que existe uma predominância de mistura para bombardeamento com íons pesados, e de difusão auxiliada por irradiação para íons leves. / We studied in this work the effect of high pressure, temperature and ion bombardment in FeNi Invar alloys. The results of the different treatments were analysed mainly, by Transmission MOssbauer Spectroscopy, Conversion Electron MOssbauer Spectroscopy, measurements of Curie temperature and X-Ray diffraction. The pressure investigation until 10 GPa, for different concentrations of the FeNi alloy, showed that pressure does not favour ordering and phase separation. The study of Curie temperature of alloys near 30 at.% de Ni, as a function of the annealing time at different temperatures showed an increase in Tc of more than 20°C, with annealing at temperatures as low as 340°C. The change in Tc with time was similar to that observed in amorphous alloys, and was interpreted as an atomic rearrangement, in a very small scale. The activation energy for the process was estimated to be about 1.5 eV, indicating movement of quenched-in vacancies as the main relaxation mechanism. The study of the effect of ion bombardment at different doses and temperature, with Ar, Ne and Kr, in FeNi alloys with 30 e 40 at.% de Ni, indicated a phase separation, for samples bombarded with Ne and Ar, but no evidence of ordering, as in samples irradiated with electrons and neutrons. For bombardment with Kr, we didn't observe any change, but samples already showing a phase separation, returned to the single phase state. Our results give evidences of prevalence of mixing for bombardment with heavy ions, and of radiation enhanced diffusion for bombardment with lighter ions.

Thesis advisor: David Broido / Despite its deceptive simplicity and because of its scientific and technological importance, bcc Fe is still the subject of research and debate. We develop an ab initio theoretical framework and apply it to calculate temperature-dependent phonon modes and magnetic interaction parameters in bcc Fe. This framework incorporates realistic thermal disorder in a coupled spin-lattice system. Thermal spin-lattice coupling is found to significantly renormalize the phonon modes and magnetic interaction strength, resulting in significant temperature-dependencies. A method for treating magnetic systems of unknown entropy is developed and applied to calculate phonon modes and investigate the anomalous thermal expansion of the classical invar alloy, Fe0.65Ni0.35. Results over the temperature range 50K to room temperature are consistent with the observed low thermal expansion of this material. Excellent agreement with measured data is achieved for calculated phonon modes in both bcc Fe and the invar alloy. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2020. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Physics.

Les contributions de cette thèse de doctorat sont focalisées sur les développements de formulations à base de polymères bio sourcés et déliantable à l’eau basés sur l’emploi d’acétate butyrate de cellulose (CAB) et de polyéthylène glycol (PEG). Ces nouvelles formulations ont été appliquées sur différentes nuances de poudres métalliques (invar) et céramiques (zircones). Ces matériaux possèdent une bonne stabilité dimensionnelle sous une large gamme de température imposée et possèdent de très bas coefficients d’expansion thermique.L’objective est l’étude et la compréhension du comportement des liants à base de CAB et PEG quand ils sont utilisés dans les variantes du procédé MIP (étapes de moulage avec ou sans pression, conditions particulières liées à la micro-injection, …) réalisées avec différentes nuances de poudres et différentes granulométries.Les caractéristiques intrinsèques de chaque CAB, leurs interactions avec le PEG et les poudres, l’influence de la nuance de poudre employée, ainsi que la granulométrie et la morphologie des poudres employées ont été étudiées et analysées en fonction du comportement final de la formulation développé et des taux de charges obtenues.L’homogénéité des mélanges développés, leurs taux de charge critique et maximal, ainsi que leurs comportements mécaniques, thermiques et rhéologiques ont été analysés et investigués par différentes études mécaniques, thermo et physico-chimiques. De nouvelles analyses chimiques et physiques ont été introduites par accroitre les connaissances sur les formulations développées. Les formulations optimales ont été validées pour différentes applications et avec l’emploi de différentes variantes du procédé MIP conduisant à l’élaboration de composants et de micro-composants PIM obtenus sans défauts et possédant d’excellentes propriétés fonctionnelles. L’étape de déliantage ainsi que l’étape de densification ont été optimisées en termes de cinétique et d’atmosphère aboutissant aux propriétés physiques et mécaniques escomptées pour l’ensemble des nuances de poudres considérées dans cette étude.En conclusion, les formulations développés des liants basées sur l’emploie de CAB et PEG sont exploitable au niveau de la recherche et au niveau industriel dans le procédé MIP. Elles apportent des améliorations par rapport aux liants conventionnels grâce à un procédé plus écologique. Cette première contribution représente une avancée significative dans l’émergence d’un procédé MIP plus écologique mais d’autres travaux futurs sont encore possibles. / This PhD Thesis studied the use of binders based on cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) andpoly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in different type of materials, including a ceramic, the zirconiumsilicate, and a metallic alloy, the Invar 36. These materials share their low dimensionalstability with temperature with low coefficients of thermal expansion.The scope of this work is the study and comprehension of the behaviour of the mentionedbinder systems when they are employed in different PIM processes and under differentconditions and powder-types. With regard to this matter, different formulations were designedwith several types of PEG and CAB. These formulations were compared with commercialones. The intrinsic characteristics of each CAB were linked with the behaviour of the differentfeedstock also containing PEG and powder particles. The mixtures homogeneity, the optimumand critical solid loading and its flowability were assessed by torque and capillary rheology.Other complementary techniques such as electronic and light microscopy or the measurementof the mixtures densities by pycnometry were carried out to contrast rheology results. Thecompatibility between the feedstocks’ components and their thermal behaviour were analysedby calorimetry and thermogravimetry techniques. These methods were employed by the firsttime to determine the optimal solid loading.The optimal compositions were injected by using low or high pressures or by a micro injectionmoulding process. The debinding and sintering stages were optimised using severalatmospheres. Finally, the physical and mechanical properties of the final consolidated partswere measured.It could be concluded that the studied binder systems based on PEG and CAB presentedsuitable characteristics for PIM, providing improvements with respect to conventional bindersystems and by a more environmental friendly processing. However, that doctoral work wasjust a first approach to the use of these types of binder systems in PIM. Along this workseveral issues were detected and some topics regarding the processing should be furtherinvestigated to obtain the best of these binder systems.