Spelling suggestions: "subject:"invasive species management"" "subject:"lnvasive species management""
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The experimental control of Spartina anglica and Spartina x Townsendii in estuarine salt marshHammond, Mark E. R. January 2001 (has links)
No description available.
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Characteristics and Perceptions of Cost-share Funding for Emerald Ash Borer Mitigation in Virginia Urban AreasStewart, Peter William 19 June 2019 (has links)
Since most invasive forest pests first establish in urban areas, detection and containment of these pests within cities is important to the health of all forests. While the emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) has proved difficult to contain, efforts continue to mitigate the impacts of its spread. As part of those efforts, the Virginia Department of Forestry (VDOF) initiated its Emerald Ash Borer Treatment Program (EABTP) in 2018, providing financial incentives for insecticidal protection of ash trees. To better understand the role of incentives in promoting urban forest health, I conducted a study of properties, households, and practitioners involved in the program's first year.
To examine where EABTP funding helped pay for tree protection, I conducted tree inventories on 16 urban participant properties. Concurrently with tree inventory work, I conducted web and mail surveys to examine homeowner engagement in preservation of threatened trees. Finally, to investigate the role of forest practitioners involved in program implementation, I conducted web surveys of VDOF foresters and Virginia arborists. Results demonstrated that on urban participant properties—typically large and wooded—white ash (Fraxinus americana) was the dominant species. Results from homeowner surveys demonstrated broad support for personal investment in tree preservation, and the significance of attitudinal predictors towards those intentions. Results from practitioner surveys demonstrated substantial, though not unanimous, support for the program as a benefit both to clients and forests. Implications of these findings are discussed in the context of future urban forest health initiatives. / Master of Science / Because most non-native forest pests arrive in cities before spreading to rural areas, detecting and containing these pests within urban forests is important to all forested areas. One non-native pest, the emerald ash borer (EAB), has proved difficult to contain, but there are ongoing efforts to limit the damage it causes as it spreads. As part of those efforts, the Virginia Department of Forestry (VDOF) began its Emerald Ash Borer Treatment Program (EABTP) in 2018, which offered partial reimbursement for the cost of protecting ash trees with insecticide. To better understand how reimbursement payments might help promote the health of urban trees, I studied the properties, households, and practitioners involved in first year of the program. To examine where EABTP funding helped pay for tree protection, I conducted inventories of all trees on 16 participating properties in urban areas. At the same time, I conducted web and mail surveys to examine how homeowners thought about urban tree preservation. Finally, I conducted web surveys of VDOF foresters and Virginia arborists, to investigate roles of these practitioners in implementing the program. Results indicated that on urban participant properties, which were typically large and wooded, white ash was the dominant species. Results from homeowner surveys demonstrated broad support for personal investment in tree preservation, and the significance of attitudes in predicting that support. Results from practitioner surveys demonstrated substantial, though not unanimous, support for the program as a benefit both to clients and forests. These findings are discussed in the context of future urban forest health programs.
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The new invasive Odontites serotina: impacts, responses and predictive modelKennedy, Bradley 05 January 2012 (has links)
Invasive alien species (IAS) pose a serious threat to ecosystems and societies worldwide. Local ecological knowledge (LEK) is increasingly valued as a means of understanding environmental issues; however, its application in the context of IAS research has been limited. The overall objective of this study was to document the LEK of farmers and Weed Supervisors to gain insight into a recent IAS, Odontites serotina. I conducted semi-structured interviews with farmers and Weed Supervisors with O. serotina management experience. Results indicated that the socio-economic impacts for farmers were severe in affected rural communities. However, participants had developed promising control techniques, including the application of compost mulch. I used this LEK as well as data on species occurrence, environmental variables, and measures of propagule pressure to forecast the potential distribution of O. serotina across Manitoba. The risk map generated will be useful for guiding future monitoring and public outreach efforts.
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The new invasive Odontites serotina: impacts, responses and predictive modelKennedy, Bradley 05 January 2012 (has links)
Invasive alien species (IAS) pose a serious threat to ecosystems and societies worldwide. Local ecological knowledge (LEK) is increasingly valued as a means of understanding environmental issues; however, its application in the context of IAS research has been limited. The overall objective of this study was to document the LEK of farmers and Weed Supervisors to gain insight into a recent IAS, Odontites serotina. I conducted semi-structured interviews with farmers and Weed Supervisors with O. serotina management experience. Results indicated that the socio-economic impacts for farmers were severe in affected rural communities. However, participants had developed promising control techniques, including the application of compost mulch. I used this LEK as well as data on species occurrence, environmental variables, and measures of propagule pressure to forecast the potential distribution of O. serotina across Manitoba. The risk map generated will be useful for guiding future monitoring and public outreach efforts.
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Molecular ecology and invasive species management: unravelling the dynamics of Lantana camara invasions in the Kruger National Park, South Africa using a molecular approachVardien, Waafeka 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Non-native species are recognized as a major component of global environmental
change. Their ecological impacts are numerous and include the alteration of whole ecosystem
processes as well as the loss of native biodiversity. As such, understanding the processes that
drive the invasion of non-native species is essential for the control and management thereof.
Numerous research approaches have been used to provide insight on the history and ecology
of non-native species invasions. However, recent approaches employing molecular
techniques have greatly helped in solving taxonomic issues associated with some of these
species; identifying sources of invasions; and shedding light on colonization dynamics.
Lantana camara, a globally invasive and highly variable species complex, is one of the
most notorious plant invaders in South Africa. The species has been associated with negative
impacts in agricultural areas, decreased invertebrate diversity, livestock mortality, and where
it occurs along riparian areas- decreased water quality and obstruction to accessing water
sources. This project aimed to review L. camara invasions in South Africa and to unravel
patterns of spread in L. camara along the Sabie-Sand catchment in South Africa’s flagship
protected area, the Kruger National Park, using a molecular approach.
The findings of the first part of the study highlight that L. camara has successfully
spread across South Africa with only four known introduction events, and this can be
attributed to the species’ broad ecological tolerance, its use in the horticultural industry, and a
variety of dispersal vectors (birds, humans and rivers). Furthermore, although sale of the
species is prohibited in the country, it will continue to spread naturally and also has the
potential to expand its distribution under changing climate scenarios. The second part of the
study highlights that spread along the Sabie-Sand catchment is primarily river-driven and that
the Sand tributary is the invasion source in the system. Because the Sand tributary originates
outside the Kruger National Park, and only a small portion is under park management, the
implications for spread are important. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nie-inheemse spesies word erken as 'n belangrike komponent van die globale
omgewing verandering. Hulle ekologiese impak is talle en sluit in die verandering van
ekosisteem prosesse asook die verlies van inheemse biodiversiteit. As sodanig, die begrip van
die prosesse wat lei tot die inval van 'n nie-inheemse spesies is noodsaaklik vir die beheer en
bestuur daarvan. Talle navorsingsbenaderings is gebruik om insig te gee oor die geskiedenis
en ekologie van nie-inheemse spesies invalle. Onlangse benaderings soos die gebruik van
molekulêre tegnieke, help in die oplossing van taksonomiese kwessies wat verband hou met
'n paar van hierdie spesies,in die identifisering van bronne van invalle, en om lig te werp op
die kolonisasie dinamika.
Lantana camara, 'n wêreldwye indringende en spesie kompleks, is een van die mees
berugte plantindringer in Suid-Afrika. Die spesie is geassosieer met negatiewe gevolge in
landbou gebiede, afgeneem ongewerwelde diversiteit, vee mortaliteit, en waar dit voorkom
saam oewer gebiede - afgeneem kwaliteit van die water en obstruksie tot waterbronne.
Hierdie projek is daarop gemik om om L. camara invalle in Suid-Afrika te hersien en patrone
van verspreiding te ontrafel in L. camara langs die Sabie-Sand-opvanggebied in Suid-Afrika
se vlagskip beskermde gebied, die Kruger Nasionale Park, met behulp van 'n molekulêre
benadering.
Die bevindinge van die eerste deel van die studie wys dat L. camara het suksesvol
versprei oor die hele Suid-Afrika met slegs vier bekende inleiding gebeure, en dit kan
toegeskryf word aan die spesie se breë ekologiese verdraagsaamheid, die gebruik daarvan in
die hortologie bedryf, en 'n verskeidenheid van die verspreiding vektore (voëls, mens en
riviere). Verder, hoewel die verkoop van die spesie in die land verbied word, sal dit natuurlik
voortgaan om te versprei en het ook die potensiaal om uit te brui onder veranderende klimaat
scenario's. Die tweede deel van die studie wys dat versprei langs die Sabie-Sandopvanggebied
hoofsaaklik rivier-gedrewe is en dat die Sand sytak die inval bron is. Omdat
die Sand sytak buite die Kruger Nasionale Park ontstaan, en slegs 'n klein gedeelte onder park
bestuur is, is die implikasies vir verspreiding belangrik. / Financial support from the DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion
Biology and the Working for Water (WfW) Programme through their collaborative project on
“Research for Integrated Management of Invasive Alien Species” and Stellenbosch
University’s Subcommittee B Young Researcher's Fund
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Genética de populações aplicada à biologia da invasão: um panorama da invasão da rã-touro (Lithobates catesbeianus) / Population genetics applied to invasion biology: a panorama of the bullfrog invasion (Lithobates catesbeianus)Cohen, Gabriel Jorgewich 15 March 2018 (has links)
Invasões biológicas tem um papel cada vez mais importante nas políticas ambientais, visto que espécies invasoras desempenham uma crescente influência sobre novos ambientes onde são introduzidas, podendo gerar grandes impactos naturais e financeiros. Estudos na área da biologia da invasão se fazem extremamente necessários para remediar e evitar novas introduções. Dentre as metodologias aplicadas ao estudo das invasões biológicas, a genética de populações apresenta diversas ferramentas uteis para responder perguntas relevantes nos esforços de controle de espécies invasoras. No presente trabalho usamos recursos moleculares aplicados à genética de populações da rã-touro (Lithobates catesbeianus), o anfíbio invasor mais disseminado no planeta. Através deste estudo foi possível compreender mais sobre a estrutura genética das populações invasoras do Brasil e do mundo, além de seu histórico de invasão e sua população nativa de origem. Entender e contextualizar as características e motivos que levam ao sucesso de uma invasão biológica é importante para esforços de combate a pragas e para evitar que outros invasores se fixem em novos ambientes. Este trabalho levantou novos conhecimentos que podem e devem ser usados em políticas de combates à invasão da rã-touro / Biological invasions play an increasingly important role in environmental policies as invasive species represent a growing impact in new environments where they are introduced, potentially causing large natural and financial problems. Studies in the field of invasion biology are extremely necessary to remedy and prevent new introductions. Among the methodologies applied to the study of biological invasions, population genetics presents several useful tools to answer relevant questions in efforts to control invasive species. In the present work we used molecular resources applied to the genetics of populations of the American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus), the most widespread invasive amphibian on the planet. Through this study it was possible to understand more about the genetic structure of the invasive populations in Brazil and in the world, and its history of invasion and its native population of origin. Understanding and contextualizing the characteristics and motives that lead to the success of a biological invasion is important for pest control efforts and to prevent other invaders from focusing on new environments. This work has raised new knowledge that can and should be used in policies to combat Bullfrog invasion
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Managing Aquatic Invasive Species in the United States by Harvesting them for Human ConsumptionRecinos, Katherine 01 January 2013 (has links)
Marine and freshwater aquatic invasive species are a huge problem in the United States and its territorial waters with myriad ecological and economic impacts. Current management methods have fallen short. One possible solution is to harvest them for human consumption. This should be done through small scale, carefully regulated, scientifically based programs that are part of a larger overall management strategy. Four case studies (northern snakehead, European green crab, Asian carp, Chinese mitten crab) assessing edibility are included.
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Preventing the spread of the invasive plant Lupinus polyphyllus.Brobäck, David January 2015 (has links)
Invasive species are an increasing problem worldwide, threatening indigenous communities and species. Many human-made environments promote introductions of alien species and one such habitat is road verges. The invasive plant Lupinus polyphyllus is benefiting from these habitats and is today widespread along road verges in many parts of Sweden. However, it has been shown to be a problematic species, as it supresses native plants. Many of these plants originate from semi-natural grasslands, but have found a refuge in road verges. The Swedish Transport Administration has tried to control L. polyphyllus, but it is unclear to what extent it is possible. To manage an invasive species, it is often preferable to prevent further extension by limiting its dispersal, which can be done by reducing seed production. To find out how to prevent L. polyphyllus from spreading, I investigated how resprouting capacity and seed production was affected by cutting of L. polyphyllus at different times throughout the season, and at different heights. Plants in all plots resprouted after being cut, but resprouted leaf stalks grew taller in the plants cut early at the flowering stage, compared to the later cutting treatments. These were also the only ones producing new flowers and fruits, perhaps due to stored resources in roots or the fact that they were cut before the summer solstice. Plants cut higher above the ground produced more flowers and fruits and produced taller leaf stalks and might have used photosynthesizing aboveground parts to acquire resources for regeneration. Fruits were produced but not ripe before the mid-summer cutting. These seeds were still able to germinate after maturing on cut plants. However, they were more mould-infected than seeds maturing on non-cut plants. Seeds from cut plants were also lighter. Thus, seeds produced by the mid-summer cutting might disperse and germinate but may perhaps suffer from lower survival due to more frequent mould infections. The late-cut plants had already produced mature seeds, and thus, were probably able to disperse. Also, the later cutting treatments produced more seeds over the entire season. This indicates that to hinder dispersal by limiting seed production, it is best to cut Lupinus polyphyllus as early as possible, in the flowering stage, when seeds are not produced and to cut them entirely to the ground.
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Genética de populações aplicada à biologia da invasão: um panorama da invasão da rã-touro (Lithobates catesbeianus) / Population genetics applied to invasion biology: a panorama of the bullfrog invasion (Lithobates catesbeianus)Gabriel Jorgewich Cohen 15 March 2018 (has links)
Invasões biológicas tem um papel cada vez mais importante nas políticas ambientais, visto que espécies invasoras desempenham uma crescente influência sobre novos ambientes onde são introduzidas, podendo gerar grandes impactos naturais e financeiros. Estudos na área da biologia da invasão se fazem extremamente necessários para remediar e evitar novas introduções. Dentre as metodologias aplicadas ao estudo das invasões biológicas, a genética de populações apresenta diversas ferramentas uteis para responder perguntas relevantes nos esforços de controle de espécies invasoras. No presente trabalho usamos recursos moleculares aplicados à genética de populações da rã-touro (Lithobates catesbeianus), o anfíbio invasor mais disseminado no planeta. Através deste estudo foi possível compreender mais sobre a estrutura genética das populações invasoras do Brasil e do mundo, além de seu histórico de invasão e sua população nativa de origem. Entender e contextualizar as características e motivos que levam ao sucesso de uma invasão biológica é importante para esforços de combate a pragas e para evitar que outros invasores se fixem em novos ambientes. Este trabalho levantou novos conhecimentos que podem e devem ser usados em políticas de combates à invasão da rã-touro / Biological invasions play an increasingly important role in environmental policies as invasive species represent a growing impact in new environments where they are introduced, potentially causing large natural and financial problems. Studies in the field of invasion biology are extremely necessary to remedy and prevent new introductions. Among the methodologies applied to the study of biological invasions, population genetics presents several useful tools to answer relevant questions in efforts to control invasive species. In the present work we used molecular resources applied to the genetics of populations of the American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus), the most widespread invasive amphibian on the planet. Through this study it was possible to understand more about the genetic structure of the invasive populations in Brazil and in the world, and its history of invasion and its native population of origin. Understanding and contextualizing the characteristics and motives that lead to the success of a biological invasion is important for pest control efforts and to prevent other invaders from focusing on new environments. This work has raised new knowledge that can and should be used in policies to combat Bullfrog invasion
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The Establishment, Control, and Post-Control Response of Amur Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii)Benjamin Joseph Rivera (11205324) 29 July 2021 (has links)
<p>Amur honeysuckle (<i>Lonicera
maackii</i>) is a shrub endemic to East Asia which has become invasive and
nearly ubiquitous to the forest ecosystems of eastern North America. Through
its extended growing season, competitive ability, and potential allelopathy,
Amur honeysuckle alters native herbaceous-layer plant communities and inhibits
the regeneration of native tree species. As such, it is representative of a
range of invasive shrub species imported from East Asia. My thesis contributes
to questions fundamental to the understanding this and other invasive shrubs:
1) How do species become invasive? 2) How can the invasions of the species be
effectively controlled? 3) How does the ecosystem respond to treatment of the
invasive species?</p>
<p>First, I examined the role of
self-compatibility within Amur honeysuckle. I compared the berry production,
seed production, and germination rates between closed-pollinated and
open-pollinated flowering branches of Amur honeysuckle individuals across
multiple types of invasions (heavy, light, and sprouting). I found that Amur
honeysuckle not only possesses the ability to self-pollinate, but that it can
produce viable self-pollinated seed sets. This ability may help explain how
Amur honeysuckle able to invade isolated forest patches far removed from the
main invasion.</p>
<p>Second, I evaluated the
effectiveness of a novel herbicide adjuvant in reducing the amount of herbicide
needed in the ‘cut-stump’ method of controlling Amur honeysuckle. Combining
various concentrations of the most common herbicide in the world, glyphosate,
with concentrations of cellulases derived from fungi, 2XL, I examined whether
the cellulases improved the effectiveness of glyphosate, potentially by
increasing glyphosate movement into the vascular tissue of Amur honeysuckle
through the degradation of cell walls. While 2XL was not an effective adjuvant,
glyphosate concentrations of less than half the recommended dosages were
equally effective as higher concentrations in preventing sprouting of treated
stumps. The ineffectiveness of 2XL may imply a need for protein-mitigated
diffusion of glyphosate across cell walls and into the vascular tissue of the
plant, which would be inhibited by the breakdown of cell walls.</p>
Finally, I tested how
deeper intensities of mulching-head treatments affected the sprouting response
of Amur honeysuckle and the response of the herbaceous-layer plant community
after treatment. I found a negative relationship between the volume of
sprouting Amur honeysuckle and increasing depth of mulching-head treatment.
Additionally, increasing mulching-head intensities were correlated with
increased herbaceous layer diversity and conservation value as represented by
Floristic Quality Index. Mulching-head treatments are a promising tool in
controlling heavy invasions of non-native shrubs.
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