O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar o volume de madeira de um povoamento jovem de Pinus elliottii, localizado no litoral sudeste do Rio Grande do Sul, com imagens dos sensores LISS-III/ResourceSat-1 e TM/Landsat 5, comparando o desempenho destes para tal. Obtiveram-se imagens de setembro de 2010, mês coincidente com o inventário florestal feito na área de estudo. Os valores de reflectância espectral de superfície foram recuperados das imagens originais. Após o georreferenciamento, dos pixels coincidentes com a localização das unidades amostrais do inventário florestal foram extraídos os valores das reflectâncias nas quatro bandas espectrais equivalentes aos dois sensores, cujas respostas foram comparadas. Além das bandas espectrais foram utilizados os índices de vegetação (IV’s) SR, NDVI, SAVI, MVI e GNDVI. Também, foi proposto o ajuste destes IV’s originais pela idade do povoamento, os quais foram identificados por SR_i, NDVI_i, MVI_i e GNDVI_i. A aplicação do logaritmo nas bandas espectrais melhorou os valores dos coeficientes de correlação linear (r), à exceção do IVP, retornando valores entre 0,69 (IVP) a 0,83 (Verde) para o LISS-III e entre 0,68 (Vermelho) a 0,79 (IVM) para o TM; Com os IV’s o logaritmo melhorou os valores de r somente para os IV’s originais, retornando valores de r entre 0,77 (NDVI) a 0,84 (GNDVI) com o LISS-III e entre 0,73 (NDVI) a 0,82 (MVI) para o TM. Com os IV’s ajustados pela idade do povoamento a logaritimização não se mostrou necessária para melhorar a associação linear, retornando valores de r entre 0,79 (NDVI_i) a 0,82 (MVI_i) com o LISS-III e entre 0,74 (SR_i) a 0,80 (MVI_i) com o TM. Além disso, o ajuste pela idade aumentou o intervalo dinâmico dos IV’s ajustados, e, aparentemente, aumentou a sensibilidade nos povoamentos de maior volume. Diferenças significativas na associação linear entre os dados espectrais do TM e LISS-III com o volume só foram encontradas na banda equivalente do verde. Com dados TM, a equação melhor ajustada explicou 68% da variabilidade do volume; com dados LISS-III a equação explicou 72% da variabilidade. Estas equações geraram dois mapas de volume de madeira, onde as médias das estimativas obtidas com LISS-III estiveram dentro do intervalo de confiança da média do inventário florestal em 70% dos talhões considerados; para o TM a coincidência foi de 65% dos talhões. Conclui-se que os sensores LISS-III e TM apresentam alta similaridade e que a metodologia empregada pode ser utilizada para auxiliar no inventário florestal dos povoamentos jovens de P. elliottii na área de estudo principalmente pelo fato das estimativas obtidas pelas imagens cobrirem todo o talhão, ao passo que a amostragem do inventário florestal contempla menos de 2% da área. / The aim of this work was to estimate the wood volume of a young stand of Pinus elliottii, located on the southeastern coast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, by imagery from LISS-III/ResourceSat-1 and TM/Landsat 5 sensors, comparing their performance for such. Images were obtained on September 2010, the month coincident with the forest inventory made in the study area. The surface spectral reflectance values were retrieved from the original images. After the georeferencing, the sampling units location from the forest inventory were used to select the pixels to extract the reflectance values on the four spectral bands equivalents for the two sensors, which answers were compared. In addition to the bands were used the Vegetation Indices (VI’s) SR, NDVI, SAVI, MVI and GNDVI. Also proposed was the adjusting of these original VI’s by the stand age, which ones were identified by SR_i, NDVI_i, MVI_i and GNDVI_i. The application of logarithm in the spectral bands improved the r values, with exception to NIR, achieving values between 0.69 (NIR) and 0.83 (Green) for LISS-III and between 0.68 (Red) and 0.79 (SWIR) for TM; With the VI’s, the logarithm improved the r values only for the original VI’s, returning r values from 0.77 (NDVI) to 0.84 (GNDVI) with LISS-III and r values from 0.73 (NDVI) to 0.82 (MVI) for TM. With the VI’s adjusted by stand age the logarithm was not necessary to improve the linear association, returning r values from 0.79 (NDVI_i) to 0.82 (MVI_i) with LISS-III and r values from 0.74 (SR_i) to 0.80 (MVI_i) with TM. Moreover, adjusting by age increased the dynamic range of the VI’s adjusted, and apparently increased the sensitivity in stands with larger volume. Significant differences in the linear association between TM and LISS-III spectral data with volume were just found on the green equivalent band. With TM data, the best fitted model explained 68% of the volume variability; with LISS-III data the model explained 72% of the variability. These models generated two wood volume maps, where the average of the estimates achieved with LISS-III were within the confidence level of the average from the forest inventory on 70% of the compartments considered; for TM the coincidence was on 65% of the compartments. It is conclude that the sensors LISS-III and TM presented high similarity and the methodology applied can be used to aid in forest inventory of young stands of P. elliottii in the study area mainly because the estimates obtained by the images cover the entire compartment, while the forest inventory sampling contemplates less than 2% of the area.

Wong, Chun Hung Eliphas. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-78). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.v / Thesis/Assessement Committee --- p.vi / List of Figures --- p.xi / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Literature Review --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2 --- K-Convexity --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- "The (s, S)policy and cardinal optimality equation form" --- p.17 / Chapter 2 --- Inventory Problem --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1 --- Two-channel Inventory Model --- p.26 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Model Formulation --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2 --- The total expected cost and constraints --- p.34 / Chapter 2.3 --- The optimality equation --- p.37 / Chapter 3 --- The two phase optimal policy --- p.40 / Chapter 3.1 --- Deviation of two phase optimal policy --- p.41 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- "First phase optimization - The (s, S, s') policy" --- p.42 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Second phase optimization --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2 --- More about the optimal policy --- p.60 / Chapter 4 --- Further discussion and conclusion --- p.64 / Chapter 4.1 --- Multi-period problem --- p.65 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Model formulation --- p.65 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- The challenges in extending the optimal policy --- p.67 / Chapter 4.2 --- Conclusion --- p.69 / Bibliography --- p.74

Atualmente, as empresas buscam garantir disponibilidade de produto ao cliente final, com o menor nível de inventário possível. Isto ocorre devido a diversidade crescente no número de produtos e o elevado custo de oportunidade do capital. As ferramentas de simulação disponibilizam aos gestores melhores visões do negócio e melhores condições para a tomada de decisão. Em um Centro de Distribuição de Peças (CDP), para se alcançar um melhor desempenho no gerenciamento do inventário é importante poder contar com uma ferramenta capacitada para realizações de simulações de possíveis cenários. Este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver um ambiente de simulação do inventário de um CDP. O ambiente de simulação permite realizar simulações visando obter como resultados a previsão de demanda, a política de reposição das peças, o percentual de atendimento dos pedidos, os meses de inventário, a quantidade de scrap e a quantidade de peças para devolução. Para o desenvolvimento do ambiente de simulação utilizou-se de métodos de modelagem e linguagem de programação orientado a objeto. O ambiente de simulação foi submetido a experimentos com três cenários diferentes e os resultados confirmaram a qualidade do sistema de simulação proposto. / Nowadays companies are trying to become their product available to final client with the smallest possible level of inventory. The simulation tools offer to managers best views of business and best condition to decide. In a Part Distribution Center (PDC), to reach the best performance in the management of the inventory it is important to be able to count on a tool that is capable of accomplishments from simulation possible sceneries. The objective of this work is to develop a simulation environment of the inventory of a PDC. The simulation environment performs projections in order to get demand forecasts, the parts replenishment policy, the attendance percentage, the inventory months, scrap quantity and quantity part to devolution. To develop the simulation environment are used tools like modeling methods and programming object-oriented language. The simulation environment was submitted to experiments with three different sceneries and the results confirmed the quality of the simulation system proposed.

La presente investigación, tuvo como objetivo general determinar los factores relevantes del Síndrome de Burnout que incide en el personal administrativo de la Universidad Continental con sede en la ciudad de Huancayo. Se empleó una metodología cuantitativa, básica, descriptiva y no experimental; en donde se trabajó con una muestra de 50 colaboradores administrativos y para la recolección de datos se hizo uso del conocido instrumento Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Services Survey. Con respecto a los resultados obtenidos, estos indicaron que el cansancio al finalizar la jornada de trabajo, la frustración en el trabajo, el tratar como objetos impersonales a las personas, la insensibilidad con las personas y la poca importancia hacia lo que ocurra con los demás son los factores relevantes que inciden en mayor proporción en el personal encuestado. En consecuencia, de este análisis se obtuvo como conclusión de que existen cinco factores relevantes del Síndrome de Burnout que inciden con mayor escala en el personal administrativo y que solo algunos colaboradores presentaron Síndrome de Burnout.

Most research indicates that effective principals usually involve teachers in some of the decision-making processes that take place in a school. When teachers feel they have a voice in decisions, they are more likely to take ownership in their school. Great leaders have the power to change their school either for the advancement of the establishment, or they can bring about negativity in the workplace. The purpose of this study was to determine if there were differences on the 5 dimensions of the Kouzes-Posner Leadership Practices Inventory (Model the Way, Inspire a Shared Vision, Challenge the Process, Enable Others to Act, and Encourage the Heart) between teachers’ scores and their principal’s score for participants in this study, and to determine if a relationship existed between teachers’ scores on the Purdue Teacher Opinionaire and their principal’s Leadership Practices Inventory score. For this research data were collected from 10 schools in a school system in East Tennessee that contained kindergarten through eighth grade. These schools are classified in 3 categories: kindergarten through eighth grade, third through fifth grade, or sixth through eighth grade. There were 208 participating teachers in the school system who teach kindergarten through eighth grade. One-sample t-tests were used to compare the principal’s Leadership Practice Inventory score to teachers’ Leadership Practice Inventory scores at each of the 10 participating schools. Scores for teachers and their principal were not significantly different for any of the 5 dimensions for Schools 1, 2, 9, and 10. School 8 displayed a significant difference for 3 of the 5 dimensions. The means were significantly different for Schools 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 on all 5 of the dimensions. The relationship as measured by Pearson correlation coefficients between the Leadership Practices Inventory and the Purdue Teacher Opinionaire for teachers at the 10 participating schools displayed similar mixed results.

Have you given up on inventory because it seems too complicated and expensive? Using materials already owned by most libraries (a laptop, Microsoft Excel software and a barcode scanner) and existing staff, we will demonstrate how simple and fast it is to inventory your collection. We will provide experience-based, practical recommendations regarding optimal times for performing inventory, how much to inventory at one time, and suggestions for inventorying in public and academic libraries.

Crowdsourcing has gained favor among many social scientists as a method for collecting data because this method is both time- and resource-efficient. The present study uses a within-subject test-retest design to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of crowdsource samples for developing and field testing measurement instruments. As evidenced by similar patterns of psychometric characteristics across time, strong test-retest reliability, and low failure rates of attention check items, the results of this study provide evidence that Amazon Mechanical Turk might represent a fruitful platform for field testing to support the development of a variety of measures. These findings, in turn, have significant implications for resource efficiency in the fields of educational and organizational measurement.

Telemetry units can be used to gauge inventory levels at customers. These readings can help prevent both stockouts and unnecessary deliveries. The research problem we address is where to place a limited number of telemetry units in order to reduce routing costs. Modeling this problem involves the consideration of both inventory theory as well as vehicle routing concepts. We model this problem with an integer program but solve with heuristics. Our results demonstrate that significant savings can be found with limited numbers of telemetry units. We then extend our results to consider the impact of correlation of customer usage on the placement of telemetry units and show even greater savings can be obtained. We also present a model that can be used for locomotive fuel planning. It decides where fuel trucks should be located as well as the volume of the fuel that should be delivered to each locomotive.

The last buy problem is a stochastic inventory management problem that occurs at the end of a product's life cycle. When production of a given product ceases, it may become necessary to shut down manufacture of all parts of the product. However, there will likely still be demand for spare parts of the product, due to part failure from the product still in use. To meet this demand, a one-time order of spare parts - a last buy - is made to satisfy the demand for all spare parts going forward. Thus, the last buy problem seeks to maximize a company's products with respect to the number of spare parts manufactured. Several different forms of the last buy problem exist, depending on the relationship between the manufacturer and the customer and the type of cost that occurs once the inventory has been depleted. In some cases, law or contract defines and limits the costs and revenues the manufacturer incurs due to the last buy order; in other cases, a manufacturer's own policies dictate the costs and revenues involved. As a result, we explore three main types of last buy problem, and the different methods used to solve for each. In the last buy problem with incremental replenishment, individual parts demanded beyond the last buy are fabricated individually at significantly greater cost; as the total product is concave with respect to the order amount, the optimal order amount can be found by analysis of the rate of change of the product. The last buy problem with no replenishment occurs when there is no effective way to replenish part inventory beyond the last buy; as the total product is not concave, an upper bound on the optimal order amount is determined, thus limiting the candidate solutions. Difficulties exist in calculating the optimal order amount in the last buy problem with batch replenishment, as the size of the replenishment batch is itself a last buy problem; we solve for a special case of the problem using renewal theory. We also examine the possibility of contract extensions in last buy problems, and their effect on the optimal order amount calculations.

A survey of inventory systems was made of 15 randomly selected auto wrecking yards in northern Utah. The specific objectives were to determine what methods auto wrecking yards were using to keep track of their inventory, to determine the mangers' feelings toward inventory control and improvement of their present systems, and to determine the effectiveness of these systems in providing management information. This information was obtained through a questionnaire interview with managers of the yards sampled. The questionnaire was developed by the author using yards outside the sample area to pilot test and help develop the questionnaire. Results of this survey showed a continuum of systems ranging from the use of memory only up to an elaborate card sort system was being used in inventory control. All managers felt that inventory control was very important and that their present systems could be improved. Time was the limiting factor given for not making needed improvements. Only 60 percent of the mangers were keeping some form of written record. The management information provided by these records consisted mostly of physical information relating to the part available and the condition of these parts. Thirty percent of the managers had a record of capital invested and only 20 percent knew the cost of holding inventory in their yards. From this survey it was concluded that the majority of the inventory systems were inadequate when compared with the objectives of inventory control. More accurate cost information is needed to calculate and evaluate the profitability of the firm (return on invested capital).