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An empirical analysis of two stockout models /Walter, Clyde K. January 1971 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1971. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 216-227). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.
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An empirical analysis of two stockout models /Walter, Clyde K. January 1972 (has links)
No description available.
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An examination of shortcomings in inventory management and control in selected Saldanha Bay firms /Diergaardt, Johannes Godfree. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-64). Also available online.
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An examination of shortcomings in inventory management and control in selected Saldanha Bay firmsDiergaardt, Johannes Godfree January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007 / The dissertation focuses on sharing experiences related to the shortcomings in the discipline of inventory management and control. The research was limited to inventory management and control practices in select manufacturing and production sites in Saldanha Bay on the Cape west coast. The shortcomings identified may be seen as holistic in inventory management and control and are thus not restricted to the Saldanha Bay area only.
The results of the research provide comprehensive insight into the elementary aspects of managing inventories in fast- paced, industrial manufacturing environment. The dissertation touches on the problems that arise when inventory managers do not understand the concept of inventory management. The researcher witnessed the shortage of schooled and skilled inventory managers in both the public and privates sectors in South Africa.
It is hoped that after reading the content of this research, the reader concerned with inventory management and control will be better equipped to address these issues.
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The spares provisioning problem with parts inventoryAbboud, Nadim E. 13 October 2005 (has links)
In this research, we consider the spares provisioning problem, where a finite population of homogeneous machines are being deployed to meet a constant demand. While a machine is operating, it could become inoperable due to the failure of a critical built-in part in the machine. Before repairs on the machine can be initiated, however, a replacement part must be obtained. If a replacement part is available from stock, the machine is immediately transferred to the repair subsystem, in which one or more repair stations operate in parallel. If the replacement part is not in stock, then the machine waits in the ordering subsystem for the arrival of a new part. Once a machine is repaired, it is immediately deployed to meet demand if needed, else it joins a queue of standby machines. The spare machines have zero probability of failure and, if available, a spare replaces a deployed machine immediately upon the latter's failure. The machine operating time, repair time, and ordering time of the parts are assumed to be exponentially distributed. The ordering subsystem for the parts brings a new aspect to the spares provisioning problem, and dramatically increases its difficulty. This is because the queuing network model which describes the system is a non-product-form network in the case of finite nonzero stocking policy, and specification of closed-form solutions is highly unlikely for such networks.
In this dissertation, we present efficient algorithms through which the optimal number of machines, repair stations and stocking level of the parts that minimize total operations costs subject to a service-level constraint can be obtained. The algorithms, which based on Little's result from queuing theory and some approximate models used for bounding, have proven to be extremely efficient in terms of computer storage and execution time, even for large problems. / Ph. D.
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The status of vaccine availability and associated factors in Tshwane government clinicsNgcobo, Ntombenhle Judith January 2015 (has links)
Vaccines have greatly contributed to the control of vaccine preventable diseases. The adoption of the Decade of Vaccines (DoV) by the World Health Assembly in 2011 is an indication of how the global community values the benefits of vaccines. Efforts by many countries to introduce new vaccines are a significant move towards attaining this vision. However, new vaccines put strain on vaccine supply chains. The immunization programme in South Africa has similar challenges, with indications of vaccine stock outs in clinics since the introduction of three new vaccines in 2009. This study set out to establish the status of availability of vaccines in Tshwane government clinics and associated factors. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of randomly selected government clinics in Tshwane health district of Gauteng province. Data was collected using a structured measurement instrument during a visit to each of the participating clinics. Data was collated and analysed using excel based software. Results: A total of 31 clinics participated. In the preceding 12 months, clinics experienced vaccine stock outs, especially of the 3 new vaccines: pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), rotavirus (RV) vaccine and Pentaxim ®. These were also out of stock for a long duration; for over 2 weeks in a majority of clinics. The causes of vaccine stock outs were: poor management of stock, depot out of stock, unreliable deliveries, lack of pharmacy assistants, and limited fridge capacity. Further burdening the situation is the emergency ordering system that does not function effectively. Conclusion: Significant vaccine shortages occur in Tshwane government clinics. It is recommended that the vaccine supply chain should be restructured and overhauled with the use of advances in technology. Urgent measures should be taken to address the identified causes of stock outs including ensuring reliable deliveries of stock and emergency orders.
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Group dismissal for poor performance as a response to excessive stock shrinkage : a study of owner-managed franchised grocery retailersBrown, Timothy Glen 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Excessive shrinkage threatens the viability of retailers, especially grocery retailers
because they operate on low profit margins.
One possibility is for retailers to dismiss employees who are perceived to be
responsible for excessive shrinkage, but South African law generally requires that the
employer prove individual culpability or poor performance to justify a dismissal. In
most cases, retailers are not able to identify the exact causes of shrinkage or those
employees who may be responsible for the shrinkage.
Pep Stores has developed a novel group dismissal model, using a poor performance
process, in terms of which a store's entire staff complement is dismissed on the basis
of collective responsibility for failing to avoid excessive shrinkage. The Pep model is
attractive to retailers because it overcomes the retailer's inability to produce evidence
relating to excessive shrinkage.
This Study Project seeks to determine whether collective responsibility for shrinkage
may be introduced in owner-managed grocery stores and, if not, whether adaptation
of the model or new technology might facilitate its introduction. A further objective is
to determine whether the applicability of the Pep model correlates to factors such as
the size, activity level and complexity of retail stores.
Three barriers to the application of the Pep model in grocery retail stores were
identified: firstly, the determination of an "acceptable level of shrinkage" that is
reasonably attainable; secondly, the conducting of sufficiently accurate stock takes to support dismissals and, thirdly, the existence or creation of circumstances allowing the implementation of collective responsibility for shrinkage.
Grocery retailers have no difficulty in identifying an attainable "acceptable level of
shrinkage" or in conducting highly accurate stock takes and stock counts.
Circumstances allowing the imposition of collective responsibility for shrinkage were,
however, clearly not present. Collective responsibility was precluded by the
specialised nature of the employees' tasks and a lack of co-responsibility arising from
employees' inability to directly observe each other. However, an adapted Pep model
is applicable in grocery retail stores at departmental level if the departments are
insulated from fraud or error by receiving clerks and cashiers. This insulation may be
achieved by implementing joint receiving procedures that involve each department in
receiving departmental stock and an increase in cashier monitoring.
The introduction of Radio Frequency Identification Technology will ultimately facilitate
the implementation of the Pep model through the enhanced insulation of
departments. This enhanced insulation is achieved through the ability to track the
movement of individual items in stores and the reduction of receiving and cashier
error and fraud as a result of the automation of aspects of these functions. This
technology, however, is unlikely to be implemented in the short term given the
significant cost of RFID tags and the technical and organisational constraints to
adoption.
Perceptions on the applicability of the Pep model are correlated in smaller stores to
total store floor areas, while the applicability of the model in larger stores is correlated to the size of staff complements. This suggests that the model may be ideally
applicable in smaller stores, where the total store floor area is relatively smaller and
in larger stores, where the staff complements are relatively larger. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Oormatige voorraadverlies bedreig die lewensvatbaarheid van kleinhandelaars, veral
kruidenierswarehandelaars, omdat hulle met klein winsmarges werk.
Een moontlikheid is dat kleinhandelaars werknemers ontslaan wat gesien word as
die verantwoordelikes vir oormatige voorraadverlies, maar die Suid-Afrikaanse reg
vereis oor die algemeen dat die werkgewer indiwiduele skuld of swak prestasie
bewys om ontslag te regverdig. In die meeste gevalle is kleinhandelaars nie in staat
om die presiese oorsake van voorraadverlies, of die werknemers wat vir die
voorraadverlies verantwoordelik mag wees, te identifiseer nie.
Pep Stores het 'n vindingryke groep-ontslagmodel ontwikkel, met gebruik van 'n
swakprestasieproses, ingevolge waarvan 'n winkel se hele personeel ontslaan word
op grond van kollektiewe verantwoordelikheid weens versuim om oormatige
voorraadverlies te vermy. Die Pep-model is aantreklik vir kleinhandelaars, want dit
oorkom die kleinhandelaar se onvermoë om bewys te lewer in verband met
oormatige voorraadverlies.
Hierdie navorsingsprojek probeer vasstel of kollektiewe verantwoordelikheid vir
voorraadverlies ingestel kan word in eienaarbestuurde kruidenierswinkels en, indien
nie, of aanpassing van die model, of nuwe tegnologie, die invoer daarvan sou kon
fasiliteer. 'n Verdere doelstelling is om vas te stel of die toepaslikheid van die Pepmodel
korreleer met faktore soos die grootte, bedrywigheidsvlak en kompleksiteit van
kleinhandelwinkels.
Drie struikelblokke vir toepassing van die Pep-model in kleinhandelkruidenierswinkels
is geidentifiseer: eerstens, die bepaal van 'n "aanvaarbare
voorraadverliesvlak" wat redelik haalbaar is; tweedens, die uitvoer van voldoende
akkurate voorraadopnames om ontslag te steun en derdens die bestaan of skep van
omstandighede wat die implementering van kollektiewe verantwoordelikheid vir
voorraadverlies moontlik sal maak.
Kruidenierskleinhandelaars ondervind geen probleme met die identifisering van
haalbare "aanvaarbare voorraadverliesvlakke" of met die uitvoer van hoogs akkurate
voorraadopnames en - tellings nie.
Omstandighede wat die oplê van kollektiewe verantwoordelikheid vir voorraadverlies
moontlik maak, was egter duidelik nie aanwesig nie. Kllektiewe verantwoordelikheid
is uitgesluit weens die gespesialiseerde aard van die werknemers se take en 'n
gebrek aan mede-verantwoordelikheid weens werknemers se onvermoë am mekaar
direk waar te neem. 'n Aangepaste Pep-model is egter toepasbaar in
kruidenierskleinhandelwinkels op departementele vlak indien die departemente van
bedrog of foute deur ontvangsklerke en kassiere afgeskerm word. Die afskerming
kan bereik word deur die implementering van gesamentlike ontvangsprosedures wat
elke departement betrek by die ontvangs van departementele voorraad en verskerpte
kassiermonitering.
Die invoer van Radiofrekwensie-identifikasietegnologie sal uiteindelik die
implementering van die Pep-model fassiliteer deur die verhoogde afskerming van
departemente. Hierdie verhoogde afskerming word bereik deur die vermoë om die
beweging van indiwiduele items in winkels na te speur en die vermindering van
ontvangs- en kassierfoute en -bedrog as gevolg van die outomatisering van aspekte
van die funksies. Hierdie tegnologie sal egter waarskynlik nie oor die korttermyn
toegepas word nie weens die aansienlike koste van RFIO-etikette en die tegniese en
organisatoriese beperkings op die invoer daarvan.
Persepsies oor die toepasbaarheid van die Pep-model word in kleiner winkels
gekorreleer met die totale winkelvloeroppervlak, terwyl die toepasbaarheid van die
model in groter winkels gekorreleer word met die grootte van die personeelkorps. Dit
suggereer dat die model ideaal toepasbaar mag wees in kleiner winkels waar die
totale winkelvloeroppervlak relatief kleiner is en in groter winkels waar die
personeelkorps relatief groter is.
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