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The potential for FDI : Angola and Nigeria compared : a comparative studySmit, Pierre 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to compare the potential for foreign direct investment (FDI) in
Angola and Nigeria. The investment criteria of WAIPA (World Association for
Investment Agencies) and UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development) were used as framework for comparison. FDI is of great importance to
developing countries in as far as the inflow of foreign capital to host countries,
transfer of knowledge and technology takes place thereby strengthening the
economy of host countries to compete in the global economy.
The point of departure was that Angola and Nigeria do not meet the
WAIPAIUNCTAD investment requirements, but yet they receive large amounts of
FDI. This reason for these inflows of FDI, was one of the key questions that needed
to be answered.
The study showed that both Angola and Nigeria have large oil and natural gas
reserves, and that the majority of FDI that they receive, are invested in these sectors.
Natural resources are one of the WAIPAIUNCTAD investment criteria. Die
conclusion of the study was that Angola and Nigeria do not meet the majority of the
investment criteria, and this is also the explanation that there is very little FDI
investment outside of the oil sector in these two countries. The most important
conclusion is that multi-national companies will invest in countries if conditions are
not ideal, but that the returns are higher than the risk associated with the investment.
This is the case in Angola and Nigeria with their large oil and natural gas reserves. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie werkstuk is, om die potensiaal vir direkte buitelandse investering
(DFI) van Angola and Nigeria te vergelyk. Die investerings kriteria van WAIPA
(World Association for Investment Agencies) en UNCTAD (United Nations
Conference on Trade and Development) is gebruik as vergelykings raamwerk. DFI is
van groot belang vir ontwikkelende lande deurdat buitelandse kapitaal in die gasheer
land belê word, oordrag van kennis en tegnologie plaasvind en dus daardeur die
gasheer land se ekonomie versterk en meer kompeterend maak om in die globale
ekonomie te funksioneer.
Daar is van die veronderstelling uitgegaan dat Angola en Nigeria nie aan die
vereistes voldoen van WAIPA/UNCTAD nie, maar ten spyte daarvan ontvang hierdie
lande nog steeds groot bedrae DFI. Die rede vir hierdie verskynsel is een van die
kernvrae wat beantwoord moes word deur die werkstuk.
Dit blyk uit die werkstuk dat beide Angola en Nigeria oor groot bronne olie en
natuurlike gas besit en dat die oorgrote meerderheid van die DFI wat hierdie lande
ontvang, in hierdie sektor belê word. Natuurlike hulpbronne is een van die
WAIPA/UNCTAD kriteria vir DFI. Die gevolgtrekking van die studie is dat die Angola
en Nigerie nie aan die meerderheid van hierdie belegings kriteria voldoen nie, en dat
dit die verklaring is dat daar uiters min DFI beleggins buite die olie sektor in hierdie
twee lande is. Die belangrikste gevolgtrekking is egter dat multi nasionale
maatskapye wel in lande sal belê indien die opbrengs op investerings groter is as die
risiko verbonde daaraan, soos in die geval van Angola en Nigeria met hul groot olie
hulpbronne.
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FDI in Angola "constraints encountered by investors in the Angolan territory, advantages and implications of FDI to Angola".Da Gama, Anabela Nhandamo Pereira January 2005 (has links)
This thesis focuses on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Angola and on constraints encountered by investors. It discusses the new Investment Law, resulting from a comprehensive law reform in 2003, as well as investment incentives destined to attract FDI into the territory, furthermore: the legal definitions of FDI and of &ldquo / Investor&rdquo / the Angolan private international law / the main constraints (investment barriers) encountered by investors, after and before entering the Angolan territory / the legal protection afforded to investors, and some examples of FDI and their implications in Angola.<br />
<br />
The author also analyses investment and intra-trade within the Sub-Saharan region, Angola under modes 3 and 4 of GATS, and other aspects of foreign (as well as private) investment, including on what has been done and what should still be achieved under the SADC Trade, Finance and Investment Protocol from 2005 onwards. This analysis, it is hoped, will contribute to the better understanding of the implications and benefits of FDI in Angola, considering the recent increase of inflows of FDI, as well, as to what extent and how the Government should continue to control and direct, as well as encourage FDI. To conclude, the impact (positive -negative) of FDI in the Angolan society, economy and for the environment will be discussed. Together with the chapters describing the legal framework for FDI, these parts are intended to provide a better insight into the legal, economic and social background for investing and for doing business in Angola, and what type of protection investors can expect from the country, whilst information and academic materials on this subject matter continue to be scarce and difficult to access.
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FDI in Angola "constraints encountered by investors in the Angolan territory, advantages and implications of FDI to Angola".Da Gama, Anabela Nhandamo Pereira January 2005 (has links)
This thesis focuses on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Angola and on constraints encountered by investors. It discusses the new Investment Law, resulting from a comprehensive law reform in 2003, as well as investment incentives destined to attract FDI into the territory, furthermore: the legal definitions of FDI and of &ldquo / Investor&rdquo / the Angolan private international law / the main constraints (investment barriers) encountered by investors, after and before entering the Angolan territory / the legal protection afforded to investors, and some examples of FDI and their implications in Angola.<br />
<br />
The author also analyses investment and intra-trade within the Sub-Saharan region, Angola under modes 3 and 4 of GATS, and other aspects of foreign (as well as private) investment, including on what has been done and what should still be achieved under the SADC Trade, Finance and Investment Protocol from 2005 onwards. This analysis, it is hoped, will contribute to the better understanding of the implications and benefits of FDI in Angola, considering the recent increase of inflows of FDI, as well, as to what extent and how the Government should continue to control and direct, as well as encourage FDI. To conclude, the impact (positive -negative) of FDI in the Angolan society, economy and for the environment will be discussed. Together with the chapters describing the legal framework for FDI, these parts are intended to provide a better insight into the legal, economic and social background for investing and for doing business in Angola, and what type of protection investors can expect from the country, whilst information and academic materials on this subject matter continue to be scarce and difficult to access.
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Olie : hoop of wanhoop vir Angola?Du Toit, Francois Stephanus 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The increasing global demand for and dependency on oil provides tremendous
opportunities for oil-producing countries. Supported by the unprecedented
economic growth in developing countries such as China and India, the global
demand for oil is estimated to increase by 50% from the present 83 million
barrels a day to 120 million barrels a day by 2025. This increased demand for oil
provides the African oil industry with vast possibilities. Countries such as Angola,
Cameroon and Nigeria are already experiencing a large increase in direct foreign
investment, a higher Gross National Product en more favourable balance of
trade.
The logical conclusion from the abovementioned advantages of oil-rich countries
would seem to imply a sharp rise in the standard of living for the citizens of these
countries in the recent past. The purpose of this report is to determine if Angola,
as the world’s fastest growing oil-producer in terms of increased production of
barrels per day, offers its citizens an economically prosperous future.
Points highlighted by the report include the inevitable problems caused by
Angola’s colonial history and the recent twenty seven year long civil war. Angola
faces internal and external problems caused by
• “Dutch Disease”
• Fluctuating oil prices
• Poor governance
• Institutional capacity
China now plays an important if somewhat controversial role in Angola’s
prosperity by providing finance and aid with less stringent conditions than
Angola’s traditional sources. With Chinese aid Angola is now undertaking the
rebuilding of its infrastructure which is essential to counteract the negative
aspects of the country’s dependency on oil resource exploitation.
There is still significant corruption within the oil industry and it seems clear that
any attempts by international companies and non-governmental organisations to
counteract the problem will have limited success unless the governments and all
concerned parties take note of and accept new ethical and socially responsible
codes of behaviour.
Africa however is entering a new phase of accepting responsibility for its own
internal problems. The democratisation of the continent is setting new standards
for the fight against corruption.
Finally the report indicates that there are lessons to be learned from other
countries about using income from natural resources to benefit future
generations. Countries such as Botswana (diamonds) and Norway (oil) use
investment funds to limit their dependence on the resources and to counteract
the effect of fluctuating prices of the commodities.
Bearing in mind the above considerations, Angola cannot be expected to achieve
success overnight, but the country has all that is required to eventually assume its
rightful position on the continent and become another African economic success
story. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die wêreld se toenemende vraag na- en afhanklikheid van olie bied tans
geweldige geleenthede vir olie-produserende lande. Daar word beraam dat die
wêreldwye vraag na olie, gesteun deur ongekende ekonomiese groei in
ontwikkelende lande soos China en Indië, met meer as 50% van die huidige vlak
van 83 miljoen vate per dag teen 2025 tot 120 miljoen vate per dag sal toeneem.
Die moontlikhede wat hierdie verhoogde vraag vir die oliebedryf in Afrika bied, is
legio. Lande soos Angola, Kameroen en Nigerië ondervind reeds ʼn groot
toename in direkte buitelandse investering, ’n verhoging in bruto binnelandse
produk en gunstiger handelsbalanse.
In die lig van bogenoemde voordele vir lande wat ryk is aan oliehulpbronne, sou
die logiese afleiding wees dat die lewenstandaard van die burgers van hierdie
lande die afgelope paar jaar drasties moes verhoog het. Hierdie verslag het dit
ten doel om te sien of Angola, wat die wêreld se vinnigs groeiende olieprodusent
in terme van verhoogde produksie in vate per dag is, werklik sy burgers
ekonomiese voorspoed vir die toekoms bied.
Belangrike punte wat in die verslag na vore kom, is die onvermydelike probleme
waarmee Angola te kampe het weens die land se historiese agtergrond en die
onlangse burgeroorlog van sewe-en-twintig jaar. Interne en eksterne probleme
wat Angola teister is die gevolge van
• “Dutch Disease”
• Skommelende oliepryse
• Swak staatsbestuur
• Institusionele kapasiteit
China is ’n nuwe, hoewel ietwat kontroversiële, faktor in Angola se vooruitgang
en stel minder beperkende voorwaardes as Angola se tradisionele bronne vir
finansiering en hulpverlening. Met Chinese hulp is Angola nou besig met die
heropbou van sy infrastruktuur, wat noodsaaklik is as hy die negatiewe aspekte
van die land se afhanlikheid van olie-ontginning wil afskud.
Korrupsie binne die oliebedryf is egter nog beduidend en dit is duidelik dat die
pogings van internasionale maatskappye en nie-regeringsorganisasies om die
probleem die hoof te bied, beperk sal bly tensy die regerings en alle
belanghebbende partye kennis neem van nuwe etiese en sosiaal
verantwoordelike optredes en dit aanvaar.
Afrika gaan deur ’n nuwe fase waar die vasteland self verantwoordelikheid
aanvaar vir sy interne probleme. Die demokratisering van die vasteland behels
die aanvaarding van nuwe standaarde ten opsigte van die bekamping van
korrupsie.
Ten slotte noem die verslag dat daar lesse te leer is van ander lande wat hul
inkomste uit hulpbron-ontginning tot voordeel van toekomstige geslagte
aanwend. Lande soos Botswana (diamante) en Noorweë (olie) maak gebruik van
beleggingsfondse om die land se afhanklikheid van die hulpbron te beperk en om
die uitwerking van prysskommelings van die kommoditeit teen te werk.
Met inagneming van bogenoemde oorwegings kan nie verwag word dat Angola
oornag ekonomiese sukses sal behaal nie, maar die land het alles wat nodig is
om mettertyd sy regmatige plek op die vasteland in te neem en na vore te tree as
nog ’n ekonomiese suksesverhaal uit Afrika.
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Foreign direct investment : its determinants and relevance to developing countriesPascoal, Fernando Luis 11 1900 (has links)
This dissertation is divided into six chapters, as foHows:
Chapter 1 of this dissertation discusses the growing significance of FDI for developing
countries. It compares FDT in developed and developing countries and analyses recent
evidence ofFDI flows to developing countries. Chapter 2 analyses the (endogenous and
exogenous) detenninants ofFDI flows into developing countries. Chapter 3 discusses
the importance of FDI flows, which are essential for new investments or for financing
fortuitous deficits in host countries, and looks at the adjustment mechanisms for the
equilibrium of the balance of payments. Chapter 4 gives attention to FDI flows, the
liberalisation of financial markets and the financial account of the balance of payments in
developing countries in providing more opportunities and mechanisms for development
and economic growth. Finally, chapter S examines and compares FDI flows tu South
Africa and Angola - the biggest FDI recipients on the African continent. / Economics / MCom (Economics)
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Foreign direct investment : its determinants and relevance to developing countriesPascoal, Fernando Luis 11 1900 (has links)
This dissertation is divided into six chapters, as foHows:
Chapter 1 of this dissertation discusses the growing significance of FDI for developing
countries. It compares FDT in developed and developing countries and analyses recent
evidence ofFDI flows to developing countries. Chapter 2 analyses the (endogenous and
exogenous) detenninants ofFDI flows into developing countries. Chapter 3 discusses
the importance of FDI flows, which are essential for new investments or for financing
fortuitous deficits in host countries, and looks at the adjustment mechanisms for the
equilibrium of the balance of payments. Chapter 4 gives attention to FDI flows, the
liberalisation of financial markets and the financial account of the balance of payments in
developing countries in providing more opportunities and mechanisms for development
and economic growth. Finally, chapter S examines and compares FDI flows tu South
Africa and Angola - the biggest FDI recipients on the African continent. / Economics / MCom (Economics)
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