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Applications and fundamental characterization of open air and acoustic-driven ionization methodsHampton, Christina Young 06 July 2009 (has links)
One of the most fundamental challenges in analytical mass spectrometry (MS) is the efficient conversion of neutral molecules into intact gas-phase ions. In this thesis, I investigate the capabilities of various new and established ionization techniques including (a) the Array of Micromachined UltraSonic Electrosprays (AMUSE), (b) Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) and (c) Electrospray Ionization (ESI) for bioanalytical and biomedical analysis purposes. The AMUSE is a MicroElectroMechanical System (MEMS)-based device that was created as an alternative, and more sensitive approach for ion generation in an array format. In the AMUSE, the processes of droplet formation and DC droplet charging are separated allowing ionization of liquid samples using low charging voltages and a wide variety of solvents. Our analytical characterization work with the AMUSE showed that ion generation with this device was indeed possible, and that incorporation of a Venturi device increased signal stability and sensitivity due to enhanced droplet desolvation and increased ion transfer efficiency. A detailed investigation to determine the optimal source parameters for ionization of aqueous solutions of model compounds including reserpine, leucine enkephalin and cytochrome C was carried out and it was found that ionization was possible even without the application of a DC charging potential. Subsequent experiments using the thermometer ion method to characterize the AMUSE from a more fundamental point of view, showed that AMUSE ions are lower in internal energy than ESI ions, opening interesting possibilities for the mass spectrometric study of labile species. Furthermore, it was found that it was possible to manipulate the internal energy of the ion population by varying the parameters that most strongly affect desolvation and focusing. Our studies with DART were directed at investigating its analytical potential for application to the identification of active ingredients (AIs) in low quality combination medicines and counterfeit antimalarials that are commonly sold in regions of the world (particularly Southeast Asia) where drug resistant malaria is endemic as their use may engender increased resistance against the few remaining effective antimalarials.
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Development and Applications of Contained Ionization Sources for Direct Complex Mixture Analysis by Mass SpectrometryKulyk, Dmytro S. 02 October 2019 (has links)
No description available.
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L'identification et quantification d'additifs dans les carburants et les lubrifiants par HPTLC-MS et techniques de dérivatisation / Identification and quantification of additives in fuels and lubricants by HPTLC-MS and derivatization techniquesBeaumesnil, Mathieu 24 October 2017 (has links)
Les compagnies pétrolières améliorent les propriétés de leurs produits et en particulier des carburants par l’ajout d’additifs. Un large choix de familles d’additifs est disponible, tels que les antioxydants ou les agents antidétonants. Dans ce travail, la chromatographie sur couche mince haute performance (HPTLC) a été utilisée pour quantifier certains additifs dans le gazole sans aucune préparation d’échantillon. L’HPTLC est une technique d’analyse qui est couramment utilisée afin d’analyser et quantifier des composés en mélange. Pour améliorer la détection des polymères et la qualité du signal, des méthodes de dérivatisation ont été utilisées. Afin de confirmer l’identification des composés et obtenir des informations structurales, un couplage direct entre l’HPTLC et la spectrométrie de masse a été développé. Les sources d’ionisation, comme la source DESI(Desorption Electrospray Ionization), la source DART (Direct Analysis in Real Time) et la source MALDI (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization) ont été évaluées. Il est apparu que la source MALDI était la plus adaptée pour la désorption des additifs sur plaque HPTLC. Après des essais et optimisations sur différentes phases stationnaires, une méthode HPTLC-MALDI sur phase cellulose a été développée et a permis de détecter les détergents aux teneurs réelles dans le gazole. Parallèlement, l’HPTLC a été couplé pour la première fois à la source ASAP (Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe). / Oil companies increase the quality of their products such as fuels by using additives. A large variety of additives can be used, such as antioxidants or antiknock agents. In this study, high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) was used to quantify some additive in diesel fuel without sample preparation. HPTLC is an analytical technique used to characterize and quantify compounds in mixtures. To increase polymer detection and signal quality, derivatization methods were used.In order to confirm the analyte identification and to provide structural information, a method based on the direct coupling of HPTLC to mass spectrometry (MS) was developed. Ionization sources such as DESI (desorption electrospray ionization), DART (direct analysis in real time) and MALDI (matrix assisted laser desorption ionization) were evaluated. It appeared that MALDI was the most suitable source to efficiently desorb the additives on HPTLC plate. After several tests and optimizations on different stationary phases and ionization sources, a HPTLC-MALDI method was developed on cellulose and allowed to detect surfactant in diesel fuel at real concentration. At the same time, ASAP (atmospheric solids analysis probe) was coupled for the first time to HPTLC.
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Extending the Boundaries of Ambient Mass Spectrometry through the Development of Novel Ion Sources for Unique ApplicationsSahraeian, Taghi January 2022 (has links)
No description available.
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High resolution mass spectrometry for molecular characterization of bio-oils produced by pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass / Étude par spectrométrie de masse à haute résolution de bio-huiles issues de la pyrolyse de la biomasse lignocellulosiqueHertzog, Jasmine 23 October 2017 (has links)
Les produits de la pyrolyse de la biomasse lignocellulosique présentent un potentiel important dans le cadre des ressources renouvelables. Cependant, leur utilisation directe est réduite en raison de leur importante complexité et de leur teneur élevée en oxygène. Il est nécessaire de leur faire subir des traitements de désoxygénation et/ou de craquage. Afin de déterminer quels sont les traitements les mieux adaptés, il est indispensable de connaitre aussi précisément que possible leur composition. Les travaux menés dans le cadre de cette thèse portent sur la mise en place de méthodologies d’analyse robustes pour obtenir la description la plus exhaustive possible des bio-huiles. Pour cela, la spectrométrie de masse à résonance cyclotronique d’ions à transformée de Fourier (FT-ICR MS) a été employée en couplage avec différentes sources d’ionisation. L’électronébulisation (ESI), dans des conditions contrôlées d’ionisation, permet d’observer plus particulièrement les composés dérivés de la cellulose et de l’hémicellulose ainsi que des lipides et des dérivés de la lignine. La photoionisation à pression atmosphérique (APPI) et la désorption-ionisation par laser (LDI) sont plus spécifiques des espèces relatives à la lignine. Celles qui sont alors observées sont plus insaturées qu’en ESI. La complémentarité des différentes techniques d’analyse a été établie et a permis la description détaillée de bio-huiles. Cette méthodologie a été appliquée à des bio-huiles avant et après traitement de désoxygénation/cracking sur zéolithes. L’analyse par ESI FT-ICR MS a mis en évidence la sélectivité de ces catalyseurs envers les dérivés cellulosiques alors que l’étude par APPI et LDI a permis de déterminer la nature des composés obtenus après traitement catalytique. Ceux-ci présentent une diminution de la teneur en oxygène et résultent, pour une partie d’entre eux, du craquage catalytique sur les composés de la bio-huile originelle / The products of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis are potential sources of renewable materials such as bio-fuels, biochars, and chemicals. However, their ready-to-use capacity is limited by their high chemical complexity and their high oxygen content. Therefore, they have to be upgraded by different treatments such as deoxygenation and/or cracking. In order to assess the most suited upgrading process, it is necessary to obtain an extensive composition description of the raw pyrolysis products. The works carried out during this PhD thesis are dealing with the development of though analytical methods to reach the most detailed composition description of bio-oils. This study was performed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) using different ionization sources. The electrospray ionization (ESI), in controlled-conditions, ensures to ionize the cellulose and the hemicellulose derived compounds as well as the lipids and the lignin derivatives. The atmospheric pressure photoionisation (APPI) and the laser desorption/ionization (LDI) allow specifically to detect more unsaturated pyrolytic lignin species. The combination of the different results ensures to obtain an extensive bio-oil description. The established methodology was applied to raw and upgraded (catalytic deoxygenation/cracking treatment on different zeolites) bio-oils. The ESI FT-ICR MS measurements evidenced the selectivity of the used catalysts on sugaric compounds whereas the APPI and LDI highlighted the nature of the resulting compounds which are less oxygenated and produced, for a part of them, by catalytic cracking
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