Iroquois (Irx) homeobox genes have important and redundant functions during embryogenesis. Irx3/5 double knock out (Irx3/5 KO) mouse embryos exhibit severe hindlimb phenotypes. In these mutant hindlimbs, digit 1 and tibia are absent, moreover femur and pelvis are hypoplastic. Here, we demonstrate that Irx3/5 are expressed in the hindlimb field prior to limb bud initiation, and are required at this early stage for the pattern formation along the anteroposterior axis. Their early function is involved in prepatterning and positioning the Shh expression domain. In addition, Irx3/5 KO mutant hindlimb buds have a mild outgrowth defect and increased cell death at early stages of limb development, which may explain the small hindlimb bud size in these mutant embryos. To examine whether Irx3/5-expressing cells are the origin of lost and affected structures in Irx3/5 KO mutant hindlimbs, targeting vectors with Cre genes inserted into the Irx5 locus have been generated.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1984. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: leaves 382-411.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Sociology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 256-265). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNR11634

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2004. Graduate Programme in Sociology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 344-364). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ99151

Thesis (M. A.)--Florida State University, 2005. / Advisor: Edward G. Gray, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of History. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Feb. 7,2006). Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 108 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Contemporary Iroquois hail the Two Row Wampum as the grandfather of all treaties between Amerindians and Europeans, asserting the everlasting autonomy of each nation regarding their own beliefs, traditions and laws. However, early colonial written sources do not refer to any such agreement resembling the Two Row, despite their descriptive detail of Iroquois-European political proceedings. This thesis examines the contradiction between Iroquois oral tradition and European written documentation, illustrating how the Two Row appears to be a nineteenth century invention. Despite dubious historical origins, the Two Row nevertheless provides the guiding principles of peace and autonomy innately assumed by the Iroquois at contact. Today, as a mythic discourse of heroic proportions, the Two Row asserts the nationhood of the Iroquois who, threatened with extinction, struggle to maintain their cultural and political autonomy. / Les Iroquois contemporains considèrent le wampum à deux voies comme le plus ancien traité amérindien-européen, qui affirme l'autonomie politique de chaque nation. Les sources écrites de la période coloniale cependant, malgré leurs détails descriptifs des négociations politiques, ne mentionnent aucune entente de ce type. Ce mémoire démontre la contradiction entre la tradition orale iroquoise et les sources écrites européennes, et soutient l'hypothèse de l'invention du wampum à deux voies au cours du dix-neuvième siècle. Malgré ses origines historiques douteuses, le wampum à deux voies exprime les principes inhérents au contact : la paix et l'indépendance. Aujourd'hui, le mythe du wampum à deux voies sert à réclamer la préservation de l'identité nationale des Iroquois qui, menacés par l'extinction, luttent pour conserver leur autonomie culturelle et politique. / Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2014

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