The first measurements of the radioactive 135Cs and 134Cs isotopes were made on an accelerator mass spectrometer. The natural Ba interference was suppressed using an isobar separator for anions (ISA) in order to measure the less abundant isobaric 134Cs and 135Cs isotopes. It was found that the Ba interference could be suppressed by a factor of 2 × 10^5 while 25% of Cs was transmitted. Furthermore, through comparing the known natural abundance of Ba isotopes to the measured concentration in a sample it was shown that the ISA does not introduce significant mass dependant fractionation at the level of 0.8%. A slow sequential injection analysis technique was developed to measure 135Cs using 134Cs as a reference isotope. This technique also permitted the monitoring of Ba interference. The ionization efficiency of Cs when analyzed in the molecular anion form, CsF2^- , was on the order of 10^−7 while the total measurement efficiency was 1.7×10^−9. The abundance sensitivity of this system was found to be 135Cs/ 133Cs = (1.3 ± 1.7) × 10^−10 , corresponding to a 3σ detection limit of 132.5 pg of analyte per target. Lastly, using the developed AMS techniques, beta spectroscopy, gamma spectroscopy, and isotope production, a measurement of the half life of 135Cs was made. The two measurements of the half life of 135Cs were 0.72 ± 0.32 Ma and 0.99 ± 0.42 Ma.

Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) studies of rare isotopes with abundant isobars that form negative ions often require the use of large accelerators to achieve high sensitivity measurements. The Isobar Separator for Anions (ISA) is a radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) reaction cell system that provides selective isobar suppression for many of these isotopes in the low energy system, prior to injection into an accelerator. The ISA can then facilitate the measurement of these ions using smaller accelerators. A commercial version from Isobarex Corp. was installed in a separate low energy injection line of the 3 MV accelerator system at the A. E. Lalonde AMS Laboratory in the University of Ottawa and was tested using the measurement of 36Cl, suppressing its stable isobar 36S. The ISA includes a DC deceleration region, a combined cooling and reaction cell, and a DC acceleration region. The deceleration region reduces the beam energy from the ion source (20-35 keV) to a level that chemical reactions can occur, scattering is minimized, and that the reaction cell can accept and contain. RFQ segments along the length of the cell create a potential well, which limits the divergence of the traversing ions. DC offset voltages on these RFQ segments maintain a controlled ion velocity through the cell. Helium was used as a cooling gas to further decelerate the ions, facilitating charge exchange between 36S and a reaction gas. Helium provided the highest transmission of 30-80% for chlorine anions. The reaction gas NO2 was chosen to preferentially react with sulfur. Over seven orders of magnitude reduction of sulfur to chlorine was observed. After exiting the cell, the beam is reaccelerated prior to injection into the tandem accelerator for AMS analysis. Using 36Cl reference materials, it was determined that linear transmission results could be obtained for a 36Cl/Cl ratio ranging from 10−11 to 10−15. The measurements were stable over more than 24 hours of continuous measurement. A blank level on the order of 10−15 was observed. The ISA was used to measure unknown 36Cl /Cl ratio groundwater samples and the results are compared to external AMS measurements.