El Perú se encuentra en una zona altamente sísmica, ubicado dentro del cinturón de fuego del pacífico, que contempla aproximadamente el 85% de la actividad sísmica mundial. En nuestro país no existe un historial de eventos sísmicos por lo que, nuestra investigación consiste en la restructuración de una edificación hospitalaria categoría II, de 3 niveles con aislación sísmica en la base, sobre un suelo intermedio; en el distrito y provincia de Huari, Ancash. Se evaluará la viabilidad de construir edificaciones hospitalarias con el método tradicional con el fin de que la entidad pueda elegir la opción que mejor le convenga para su ejecución. Dado que, en nuestro país no existe mayor información cuantitativa y comparativa del comportamiento de hospitales con aislación o sin aislación sísmica para establecer u obligar el uso de aisladores en infraestructuras hospitalarias. Adicionalmente, existen antecedentes de hospitales que fueron diseñados y construidos con el actual código sísmico nacional y que luego de un evento sísmico siguieron operativos. El análisis comparativo, demuestra la capacidad del sistema tradicional que diseñado adecuadamente tendrá la capacidad de cumplir con las exigencias de eventos sísmicos severos, manteniéndose así operativo luego de un sismo; por lo tanto, el sistema aislado sería una solución costosa para un problema sencillo. Sin embargo, el actual código sísmico peruano exige el uso de aisladores sísmicos para toda edificación hospitalaria, especialmente en zonas sísmicas 4 y 3. / Peru is located in a highly seismic zone, located within the Pacific ring of fire, which accounts for approximately 85% of the world's seismic activity. In our country there is no history of seismic events, therefore, our investigation consists of the restructuring of a category II hospital building, with 3 levels with seismic isolation at the base, on an intermediate floor; in the district and province of Huari, Ancash. The feasibility of building hospital buildings with the traditional method will be evaluated so that the entity can choose the option that best suits it for its execution. Given that in our country there is no more quantitative and comparative information on the behavior of hospitals with or without seismic isolation to establish or force the use of isolators in hospital infrastructures. Additionally, there is a history of hospitals that were designed and built with the current national seismic code and that continued operating after a seismic event. The comparative analysis demonstrates the capacity of the traditional system, which, properly designed, will have the capacity to meet the demands of severe seismic events, thus remaining operational after an earthquake; therefore, the isolated system would be an expensive solution to a simple problem. However, the current Peruvian seismic code requires the use of seismic isolators for all hospital buildings, especially in seismic zones 4 and 3. / Tesis

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Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-07-10T14:32:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luís Rodrigo Becker_.pdf: 4479543 bytes, checksum: 3a9259e64d112cb88c2414eb122552e9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T14:32:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luís Rodrigo Becker_.pdf: 4479543 bytes, checksum: 3a9259e64d112cb88c2414eb122552e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Gradução de Instituições de Ensino Particulares / Este trabalho apresenta uma análise experimental de uma microrrede fotovoltaica formada por dois subsistemas, um isolado com estocagem e outro conectado à rede. Foi verificado o seu comportamento, sua capacidade no fornecimento de energia para uma carga isolada e rede da concessionária, monitorado a qualidade da energia elétrica entregue à diferentes cargas e rede da concessionária e também quantificado os índices de performance do sistema conectado. O subsistema conectado à rede (SFCR) é formado por um painel de 1080 Wp de silício multicristalino e um inversor c.c./c.a. de 1200 W. O subsistema isolado de back-up (SFI-b) é formado por um painel de 600 Wp de silício monocristalino, controlador de carga, banco de estocagem com baterias chumbo-ácido 24 V / 210 Ah e um inversor off-grid c.c./c.a. de 1000 W. O comportamento e a capacidade do sistema são monitorados durante o atendimento de uma carga, representada por um refrigerador. A qualidade da energia é analisada através de medições de energia ativa, reativa e aparente, fator de potência e geração de correntes harmônicas pelos inversores. O SFI-b é monitorado atendendo diferentes tipos e regimes de cargas. Já o SFCR é monitorado em dias de céu claro, parcialmente encobertos e encobertos. Os índices de performance são calculados em dias de céu claro e parcialmente encoberto ao longo dos seis primeiros meses de 2016. Os resultados demonstram que o SFI-b é capaz de atender a carga de forma confiável, comutando-a automaticamente para a concessionária quando o banco de baterias atinge uma profundidade de descarga pré-definida, enquanto o SFCR injeta a energia produzida na rede da concessionária. Os indicadores de qualidade da energia do inversor do SFI-b mostraram-se adequados, permanecendo dentro dos limites citados na legislação e análogos aos apresentados pela rede da distribuidora local. Já o inversor do SFCR apresentou indicadores de qualidade de energia satisfatórios, também na maior parte do tempo dentro dos limites citados na legislação, exceto nos dias encobertos e períodos de baixa irradiância, constatando-se significativa geração de energia reativa e distorções harmônicas de corrente. Considerando a média entre dias de céu claro e parcialmente encoberto, a eficiência média global do SFCR é de 9,9% e a energia média diária entregue à rede é de 4,7 kWh. Foi verificado que a qualidade da energia produzida pelo SFI-b praticamente independe da irradiância, já o SFCR depende diretamente da irradiância e do nível de carregamento do inversor, na geração de uma energia de qualidade. / This work presents an experimental analysis of a photovoltaic micro-grid formed by two subsystems, one off-grid with storage and another grid-connected. It is intended to verify its operation, its capacity to supply power to an isolated charge and electric utility grid, to monitor the quality of the electric power delivered to different charges and the electric grid power, and also to quantify the performance indexes of the connected system. The grid-connected subsystem (SFCR) consists of a panel of 1080 Wp of multicrystalline silicon and a DC/AC. inverter of 1200 W. The off-grid subsystem of back-up (SFI-b) consists of a 600 Wp monocrystalline silicon panel, charge controller, lead-acid battery storage bench 24 V / 210 Ah, and a DC/AC inverter of 1000 W. The operation and capacity of the system are monitored during the supply of a charge, represented by a refrigerator. The quality of the energy is analyzed through measurements of active, reactive and apparent energy, power factor and generation of harmonic currents by the inverters. SFI-b is monitored for different types and charges regimes, and SFCR is monitored on clear sky, partially and totally cloudy days. Performance indexes are calculated on clear sky and partly cloudy days over the first six months of 2016. The results demonstrate that the SFI-b is capable of servicing the charge reliably, switching it automatically to the utility grid when the batteries bank reaches a predetermined discharge depth, while the SFCR injects the power produced in power line grid. The energy quality indicators of the SFI-b inverter were adequate, staying inside the limits mentioned in the legislation, and analogous to those presented by the power line grid of the local distributor. The SFCR inverter presented satisfactory energy quality indicators, also in most of the time inside the limits mentioned in the legislation, except for the cloudy days and periods of low irradiance, showing significant reactive energy generation and current harmonic distortions. Considering the average between clear and partially cloudy days, the global average efficiency of SFCR is 9,9%, and the average daily energy injected on the grid is 4,7 kWh. It was verified that the quality of the energy produced by the SFI-b practically independent of the irradiance, but the SFCR depends directly on the irradiance and the load level of the inverter, in the quality energy generation.

This thesis is concerned with the generation control in small isolated power systems consisting of inverter interfaced generation systems. First the components of an individual distributed generation system (DGS) as well as the corresponding control schemes for active and reactive power flow are discussed and implemented. Then the contribution of multiple DGS to meet the requirement of the loads in both gridconnected and island operations are discussed. Having evaluated the performance of each developed model such as voltage source inverter, PQ and PV controlled as well as reference DGS, the impact of voltage degradation on power load control in isolated systems is analyzed. Finally a new method for generation control in a small power system based on power sharing between multiple DGS with voltage degradation consideration as the last alternative for sustaining the system is proposed and implemented.-11D