This thesis investigates Habermas's attempt to establish a credible form of universalism in moral and political philosophy by means of the theoretical approach which he terms "discourse ethics." The central question motivating this study is whether Habermas succeeds in this ambition. Discourse ethics specifies a procedure which purports to enable all agents involved in a conflict of interest in which issues of justice are at stake to come to a rational and cooperative resolution. It proposes a position unique among contemporary approaches to justice in the strength and character of its anti-relativist stance: the plurality of human cultures and the situated character of human understanding do not, according to this theory, bar the way to arriving at a minimal form of moral universalism. Although the procedure specified in communicative ethics elucidates only a narrow range of concerns--those pertaining to justice in the strict sense--it aims to do so in a way valid across all human cultures. / Habermas's strategy for the defence of a species-wide moral universalism is, I argue, both the key feature of his position, and the least well understood. Discussion of discourse ethics to date has focussed almost exclusively on the question of its appropriateness to the context of modern, Western pluralism. An important reason for this focus has been the intricacy of Habermas's argumentative strategy, which links the recent work on discourse ethics to his longstanding project of developing a theory of communicative action. / The principle aim of this thesis is to clarify Habermas's position by explicating his programme of justification. In so doing, I draw attention to several problems in his approach as a mechanism for cross-cultural conflict adjudication, and endeavour to provide a more perspicuous account of the relation of Habermas's theory to its main philosophical competitors, especially Rawlsian deontology, and contextualism.

Habermas rejects a class-specific approach to social analysis and political practice and, in renewing the social theory of Marx, he turns primarily to a reconstruction of the work of Max Weber. The conceptualization of society is approached from the interrelated themes of rationalization, bureaucratization and reification. But Habermas seeks to overcome the instrumentalist implications of Weber's one-sided view of rationalization and related rejection of a cognitivist ethics by an expanded framework of rationality that introduces the concept of communicative action and, with it, the promise of clarifying the normative foundations of a critical theory of society. / Against contrary views of Habermas' overriding purpose this thesis shows the major strands of his theoretical programme to have their unifying interconnections within an enduring commitment to a rational morally guided practice. Critically vulnerable aspects of this programme, however, suggest that the unity of theory and practice will prove to be as elusive for him as it was for his Marxist predecessors.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-04T17:46:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000458434-Texto+Completo-0.pdf: 656123 bytes, checksum: 3b471a3133fba145abd9237dd5f34f5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Dissertation presented for the Master`s Degree in Theology about the Christian hope as an ethic that is able to resignify and orient life, from the thought of the theologian Jürgen Moltmann. A modern technical scientific society is characterized based on its crises. The modernity in crisis of feelings and values and its consequences in the social behavior is analyzed. This model of society and its conceptions about individual, society, life, death, nature, religion and culture is criticized. It is sought through Moltmann theology to comprehend the ethic of hope as an alternative for the overcoming of this reality of crisis. The Christ resurrection is said as a sign of hope of the humanity, and the Christ Gospel as a model and criterion for human relations. An ethic of hope is proposed to redefine the humanity place in front of God and the creation, motivating to a more active participation for the seeking of a full life with dignity and justice. / Dissertação apresentada ao Mestrado em Teologia sobre a esperança Cristã como uma ética capaz de ressignificar e orientar a vida a partir do pensamento do teólogo Jürgen Moltmann. Caracteriza-se a sociedade moderna técnico-científica a partir de suas crises. Analisa-se a modernidade em crise de sentidos e valores e suas consequências para a conduta social. Critica-se esse modelo de sociedade e suas concepções sobre indivíduo, sociedade, vida, morte, natureza, religião e cultura. Busca-se compreender, na teologia de Moltmann, a ética da esperança como alternativa para a superação dessa realidade de crise. Afirma-se a ressurreição de Cristo como motivo de esperança para a humanidade e o Evangelho de Cristo como modelo e critério para as relações humanas. Propõe-se uma ética da esperança, que redefina o lugar da humanidade perante Deus e a criação, motivando a uma participação mais ativa na busca de uma vida plena de dignidade e justiça.

Hannah Arendt reinterpreta la tradición del pensamiento político desde la constitución comunicativa del espacio público, proponiendo el juzgar estético como modelo del debate político que genera la participación como reconocimiento mutuo en la pluralidad. Este ensayo aplica estas perspectivasa rendtianas para comprender cómo experiencias concretas articuladas en torno a la creatividad y al arte generan espacios de poder y ciudadanía con un impacto significativo en lo social y político.

Dissertação (mestrado)-Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Comunicação, Programa de pós-graduação em Comunicação, 2010. / Submitted by Jaqueline Ferreira de Souza (jaquefs.braz@gmail.com) on 2011-05-09T00:44:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_RejaneMariadeMedeiros.pdf: 1389860 bytes, checksum: 98cbe178d6af08e62412ee01d56eb511 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Ferreira de Souza(jaquefs.braz@gmail.com) on 2011-05-09T00:45:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_RejaneMariadeMedeiros.pdf: 1389860 bytes, checksum: 98cbe178d6af08e62412ee01d56eb511 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-09T00:45:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_RejaneMariadeMedeiros.pdf: 1389860 bytes, checksum: 98cbe178d6af08e62412ee01d56eb511 (MD5) / Esta pesquisa parte do pressuposto que a mídia é uma importante arena de deliberação e de construção de sentidos, sendo um dos principais espaços públicos da sociedade moderna. A partir dessa premissa, analisa, num primeiro momento, se as matérias sobre tributos divulgadas pelo Jornal Nacional no período estudado atendem a requisitos que garantam uma deliberação mediada sobre o tema justiça fiscal. Num segundo momento são enumerados os valores-notícia presentes nas matérias. O objetivo deste estudo é averiguar se a mídia contribui para o "intercâmbio de argumentos em público" nos debates sobre as questões tributárias, mesmo considerando os constrangimentos organizacionais e os critérios de noticiabilidade. A partir de um estudo das principais obras de Habermas, de um panorama da evolução da imprensa desde a revolução industrial até os dias atuais, de um histórico das clivagens nos modelos tributários existentes e de um aprofundamento acerca dos valores-notícia, foi possível concluir que as matérias veiculadas pelo telejornal de maior audiência no país, mesmo aquelas ideologicamente afinadas com a posição dos donos da emissora, atendem a determinados valores-notícia. Quando o "acontecimento" possui poucos critérios substantivos, são acionados os valores-notícia de construção para dar maior atratividade à matéria. Essa obediência do telejornal aos valores-notícia é boa para a sociedade civil, pois a partir do domínio desses valores ela pode buscar o contra-agendamento de temas comumente não presentes na mídia, como o da justiça fiscal, contribuindo, assim, para a busca de novos consensos. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The starting point of this research is the presupposition that the media is an important arena for deliberation and construction of meaning, being one of the main public spaces in modern society. Based on this premise, it firstly analyses if the news reports on taxes broadcasted by Jornal Nacional during a given period meet requirements that assure a mediated deliberation on the issue of fiscal justice. In a second moment, the news values in the news reports are listed. This study aims at verifying if the media contributes to the “interchange of arguments in public†in debates on tax issues, even considering organizational constraints and noticiability criteria. Based on a study of the main works of Habermas, on a panorama of the evolution of the press since the industrial revolution until the present, on the history of cleavages in existing tax models and on a deep study of news values, it was possible to conclude that news reports broadcasted by the most watched news program in the country, even those ideologically aligned with the owners of the television network, respond to certain news values. When the event has few substantive criteria, construction news values are used to make news reports more attractive. The news program‟s obedience to news values is good for civil society, which can, based on the control of these values, pursue the social setting of issues that are not usually present in the media, such as fiscal justice, thus contributing to the search of new consensus.

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Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 15 novembre 2023) / L'eugénisme illustre un dilemme éthique entre la position dite de l'interdit qui nous expose au crépuscule de la liberté et la position dite du choix qui nous expose au crépuscule de la morale. Il est un exemple parmi un ensemble de controverses bioéthiques qui peuvent être structurées comme une opposition entre la position du choix et celle de l'interdit. C'est pour cette raison que la présente thèse de doctorat traite de l'eugénisme, mais pas en tant que sujet principal sur lequel se prononcer. Notre travail est plutôt orienté vers l'examen du potentiel des éthiques procédurales à aborder les pratiques controversées qui donnent lieu à un pareil dilemme ou, mieux, de le trancher. Sous ce prisme, cette thèse offre un moyen de discuter en éthique des préoccupations suivantes : les éthiques procédurales ou éthiques à des fins de délibération disposent-elles d'un potentiel de légitimation suffisamment pertinent ou solide à l'effet de faciliter l'élaboration, dans le cadre d'une éthique collective ou commune, de l'encadrement de certaines biotechnologies dans nos vies? À quelle(s) condition(s) une éthique procédurale ou une éthique à des fins de délibération entre positions opposées, au sujet des dites pratiques controversées relatives à certaines recherches et instrumentalisations des biotechnologies sur les constituants biologiques de l'être humain, souvent qualifiées de problèmes « insurmontés », pourrait-elle avoir qualité de décider sur ce sujet sans courir le risque d'être vouée à l'échec? / Eugenics illustrates an ethical dilemma between the so-called forbidden position which exposes us to the twilight of freedom and the so-called choice position which exposes us to the twilight of morality. It is one example among a set of bioethical controversies that can be structured as an opposition between the position of choice and that of the forbidden. It is for this reason that this doctoral thesis deals with eugenics, but not as the main subject on which to pronounce. Our work is rather oriented towards examining the potential of procedural ethics to address the controversial practices that give rise to such a dilemma or, better, to resolve it. Under this prism, this thesis offers a means of discussing in ethics the following concerns: do procedural ethics or ethics for deliberative purposes have a sufficiently relevant or solid legitimizing potential to facilitate the elaboration, within the framework of a collective or common ethic, of the supervision of certain biotechnologies in our lives? On what condition(s) should procedural ethics or ethics for the purposes of deliberation between opposing positions be applied, with regard to the said controversial practices relating to certain research and instrumentalisations of biotechnologies on the biological constituents of human beings, often qualified of "unsurmountable" problems, could it have the capacity to decide on this subject without running the risk of being doomed to failure?

Le but du présent mémoire est d'expliciter la thèse habermasienne voulant que la modernité demeure un projet inachevé. Après avoir exposé la définition habermassienne de la modernité, nous verrons comment Habermas nuance la vision, pessimiste des différents critiques de la modernité. Notre auteur affirme que la modernité laisse place à un double processus de rationalisation à savoir la rationalisation instrumentale et la rationalisation communicationnelle. La thèse de Habermas est que le potentiel communicationnel de la modernité n'a pas été pleinement développé. Nous verrons comment Habermas considère que la théorie de l'agir communicationnel permet de libérer le potentiel émancipateur de la modernité. Nous conclurons en analysant trois types de conservatisme (néo-conservatisme, vieux conservatisme et jeune conservatisme) critiqués par Habermas.

Von Januar 1997 bis März 2003 leitete Jürgen Hering die Sächsische Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden.