Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropratic, Technikon Natal, 2002. / McGregor et al ( 1998) stated that approximately 50 – 80 % of the population in Western society will experience low back pain at some point. According to Cibulka and Koldehoff (1999), the sacroiliac joint is a common cause of low back pain that is overlooked. This study aimed to provide insight into the relative effectiveness of three different approaches in the management of sacroiliac syndrome. Giles and Muller (1999) concluded that spinal manipulative therapy was an effective form of treatment for spinal pain syndromes whilst Burgos et al (2001) states that the use of transcutaneous non-steroidal anti-inflammatories in the management of musculoskeletal conditions is a common therapeutic strategy. This investigation aimed to determine the relative effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy combined with transcutaneous flurbiprofen (TransAct® patches ) versus spinal manipulative therapy combined with either menthol or non-medicated placebo patches in the management of sacroiliac syndrome, in terms of objective and subjective measures. / M

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2003. / The purpose of the investigation was to evaluate the presence and extent of Quadriceps Femoris weakness in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome by the use of an isokinetic dynamometer. / M

M.Tech. / Purpose: Many diseases are very complex and this is especially true with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). The lack of consensus on the aetiology, signs and symptoms and treatments available makes it extremely difficult for health care practitioners to treat TMDs. A clear definition of the condition itself has not been agreed on between many disciplines involved in the diagnoses and treatment of TMDs. Two competing definitions stand out in current literature. The physical medicine and dental professions define TMDs as various musculoskeletal disorders of the masticatory system. Some authors also stated that most patients with TMDs suffer primarily from a muscular disorder caused by masticatory myofascial trigger points (TrPs). The chiropractic profession defines TMDs as a group of somatic disorders that occur around the structurally integrated craniomandibular system but primarily affects the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) system. The term TMDs recognises that this craniomandibular pathology is a result of dysfunction in any structural area of the head or neck, not only the TMJ. This purpose of this study was to compare an adjustment treatment approach versus a soft tissue approach for the treatment of TMDs. Method: This study consisted of two groups; both the experimental and control groups consisted of 15 participants with TMDs. The participants were between the ages of 18 and 40 years. Potential participants were examined and accepted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The experimental group received adjustments delivered to the TMJ and upper cervical spine, the control group received therapeutic ultrasound (U/S) to the xiv muscles of mastication. Objective and subjective findings were based on the treatments. Procedure: Each participant agreed to 6 treatment sessions and a seventh follow up session over a 4 week period. The participant completed a TMDs Disability Questionnaire. Algometer readings were taken over the masseter and temporalis TrPs bilaterally. Calliper readings measured the range of motion (ROM) of the TMJ, i.e. mandibular depression, protrusion and right and left deviation. The experimental group received adjustments to restricted segments of the TMJ and upper cervical spine as determined by motion palpation. The control group received therapeutic U/S to the masseter and temporalis muscles bilaterally. The same treatment procedures were administered over the study; subjective and objective readings were only taken again at visit 4 and 7. Results: In terms of subjective measurements based on the TMDs Disability Questionnaire scores, a statistically significant difference in the disability, severity and frequency of symptoms within the experimental and control groups individually, as well as the usual symptom intensity level within the control group was revealed. No statistically significant difference in terms of disability, frequency, severity and usual symptom intensity between the two treatment groups over time was revealed. In terms of objective measurements based on algometer readings, a statistically significant difference in the left masseter muscle and right temporalis muscle sensitivity within the experimental group individually was revealed. A statistically significant difference in the left masseter muscle and left temporalis muscle sensitivity within the control group individually was revealed. No statistically significant difference in muscle sensitivity between the groups over time was revealed. However, the control group showed a larger overall clinical significant difference in the masseter and temporalis muscle sensitivity bilaterally.

M.Tech.

No description available.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar um intervalo de pressão capaz de estimular resposta dolorosa em pacientes com sinais e sintomas compatíveis com Disfunção Temporomandibular (DTM), quando comparado a um grupo controle. Para isso, foram selecionados 77 pacientes com sinais e sintomas de DTM de origem miogênica concomitante ou não com alguma patologia articular. Para o grupo controle, foram selecionados 75 indivíduos livres de qualquer queixa dolorosa compatível com DTM. Os indivíduos dos dois grupos foram palpados por um único examinador nos seguintes pontos: corpo do masséter, temporal anterior, temporal médio e temporal posterior. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente num nível de significância de 5%. O grupo sintomático apresentou limiar de dor à pressão (LDP) significativamente menor em comparação ao grupo controle (p < 0,001). O masséter apresentou LDP significativamente menor, seguido pelo temporal anterior, médio e posterior (p < 0,001). O lado direito apresentou LDP significativamente menor que o lado esquerdo (p=0,033). Obteve-se uma correlação negativa significativa entre o LDP obtido e a Escala de Análise Visual (p < 0,001). Não foi encontrada correlação entre o LDP obtido e o tempo de experiência com a dor (p=0,310). Foi verificado que o intervalo de pressão mais confiável para o masséter foi de 1,01 - 1,5 kg/cm2, para o temporal anterior e médio foi de 1,51 - 2 kg/cm2 e para o temporal posterior foi de 2,01 - 3 kg/cm2. Os autores concluíram que a palpação mostrou ser um exame confiável para se detectar sensibilidade muscular em pacientes de DTM / The aim of this study was to determine a digital pressure interval able to elicit painful response in patients with signs and symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) when compared to a comparison group. Seventy-seven individuals with myogenic TMD comprised the symptomatic group, while seventy-five TMD symptom-free individuals were selected as controls. The pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were obtained with the aid of an algometer by pressuring the following muscles: masseter and anterior, medium and posterior temporalis. Values of sensitivity and specificity were determined for different pressure intervals. A lower PPT was found for all muscles in the symptomatic group (p < 0,001). The lowest PPT was found for the masseter muscle, followed by the anterior, medium and posterior temporalis. The left side has shown higher PPT than the right side (p < 0,05). A significant negative correlation was found between the PPT and the Visual Analogue Scale (p < 0,001). However, a significant correlation between the PPT and the time of pain experience was not found (p < 0,05). The authors concluded that, within the limitations of this study, the most appropriate pressure interval was 1,01 - 1,5 kg/cm2 for the masseter, 1,51 - 2 kg/cm2 for the anterior and medium temporalis, and 2,01 - 3 kg/cm2 for the posterior temporalis. Yet, according to the above figures, a standardized palpation can be considered a reliable technique in the examination of TMD patients

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-130). / Dajun Tang. / Ph.D.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1991. / GRSN 598250 / Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-131). / by Karen G. Bemis. / M.S.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography, Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-139). / by Kelsey Allyn Jordahl. / Ph.D.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 251-266). / by Eda Maria Hood. / Ph.D.