This research is comprised of three phases. In the first phase it explores the recent situation of the Turkish local authorities on e-Government by pointing out the basic indicators. 3228 Turkish local governments were the municipalities and form the base sampling framework of this study. For the second phase, from 969 units, 104 of these authorities offering e-service provisions were selected so as to perform a web-scan. The objective was to find 20 best practice cases under the context of 9 basic services agreed by e-Europe framework. In the third phase, a benchmarking tool developed from European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) elements was sent to these authorities’ key personnel. The aim of this benchmarking assessment was to explore the degree of change and performance in the back office organizations of the 20 best practice local authorities. SPSS was used to analyze the data. The summary results were presented in the order of 5 key elements of EFQM, starting with leadership, policy and strategy, people, partnership and resources, and processes. The sixth element, regional context, was added later by the Key Elements of Electronic Local Authorities’ Networks (KEeLAN) consortium due to the specific focus on this aspect. The overall results were compared with the European local authorities’ results. The intention of the comparisons was to give a general outlook from the both phases; to value the maturity levels of the Turkish local governments on e-services and the degree of change and performance of their back-offices. The results were however significant as well as interesting. Albeit the low number of web ownership among the Turkish local governments, they displayed excellent examples of e-services.

Over the last 20 years or so, local government in Britain has been experiencing a relentless, rapidly changing environment. With successive Conservative governments introducing policies to encourage a new and improved managerialist approach during the 1980s and 1990s, there has been a shift away from the bureaucratic and professionally dominated type of administration to a more customer-focused, private sector style of management and service delivery. The impact of these changes has provoked many local authorities to adopt a more strategic approach. This thesis examines the strategy process in one such authority, a London Borough, during the midnineties following the appointment of its new chief executive. The process is seen as one essentially driven by the need for the authority to respond more effectively to the internal and external exigencies facing local government. As a case study, it explores the way the leadership, both executive and the political, moved the authority away from the former professional bureaucracy towards a more corporate way of working and management style. The thesis traces the perceptions, speculations and behaviour of the senior elected members of the political administration as well as those of the new chief executive and describes how these influenced the strategy process.

Processes of ecological modernisation – where ecological protection becomes increasingly viable and attractive, whether through market forces or by state intervention and regulation – have received considerable attention within the academic literature. However, extant theory in this respect has focused almost wholly on the nation state level and has yet to account for the role played by local governments. This thesis seeks to address that deficiency by developing conceptual tools to study local government behaviour in order to understand why local governments contribute differently from one another to processes of ecological modernisation. A model of local environmental policy capacity is proposed (using insights from new theories of institutionalism, policy entrepreneurship and policy networks) and is applied to the ‘zero-carbon homes’ policy agenda of England in the period 2006 to 2015. This agenda is chosen because it both illustrates ecological modernisation and centres on a key field of responsibility for local government – local planning. Two local governments are chosen for in-depth study to assess the value of the model. Oxford City Council, on the one hand, which showed reluctance in contributing to the agenda, and Cambridge City Council, on the other, which has been more proactive. The research provides useful insights on reasons for the differences between the two cities, these reflecting, above all, the dialectical relationship between policy entrepreneurship and institutions. Empowered entrepreneurs operating within an institutional context conducive to both change, and with a focus on sustainability, are important conditions for action. The key contribution of the thesis lies in its revelations about the processes of ecological modernisation at a local level, and the argument that, if ecological modernisation theory is to be useful in explaining the processes of change in this regard – as it claims to be – then it needs also to take account of local government’s contributions.

Anarquismo Revolucionario EL ESPAÑOL FORMA PARTE DEL PODER POLÍTICO QUE COMBATE CONTRA FRANCO DURANTE LA GUERRA CIVIL ESPAÑOLA (1936-1939). Y ANALISIS DE LOS GOBIERNOS LOCALES DE LA COMARCA DEL VALLÈS OCCIDENTAL Catalanes, DE LA CIUDAD DE BARCELONA limítrofe, DE Importancia INDUSTRIAL DE SERVICIOS. / participación en los gobiernos locales de los anarquistas revolucionarios

Anarquistas Revolucionarios LOS, A Través De Su SINDICATO Confederación Nacional del Trabajo, EN La región más INDUSTRIALIZADA DE ESPAÑA, CATALUÑA, CON TRADICIÓN Teórica ROMPEN SU TACTICA Y POLITICO Y SE INCORPORAN AL PODER, ECONOMICO Y SOCIAL. POR EXIGENCIAS DE LA GUERRA CIVIL (1936-1939) CONTRA EL lanzas fascista de Franco, PERO TAMBIEN POR LA REALIDAD DE LA IMPOSIBILIDAD DE IMPONER SU REVOLUCIONARIA Dictadura. / los anarquistas asumen parte del poder revolucionario en los municipios durante la guerra civil

Escrita EN CATALÁN IDIOMA, Y OTRAS Cuestiones Relacionadas AMPLIA CON MI TESIS DOCTORAL REVISA DEL AÑO 2001 "ACTIVIDAD POLITICA DE LA IZQUIERDA ES DURANTE LA Libertaria COMARCA DEL LA GUERRA CIVIL OCCIDENTAL" (UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE EDUCACION A DISTANCIA VALLÈS, FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA) (ESPAÑA) (REFERENCIAS A LA MISMA EN INTERNET: www.educacion.es/teseo/. Also available in: www.e-spacio.uned.es:8080. Also available in: www.cibernetia.com/tesis_es/HISTORIA/ HISTORIA_POR_EPOCAS / HISTORIA_CONTEMPORANEA / 4.Importancia RADICA EN QUE SE DE SU ESTUDIO MUY Trata de las Naciones,, PODER POLÍTICO DEL Unidas PORMENORIZADO, ECONOMICO, SOCIAL Y MILITAR DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES EN CONTEXTO Anarquistas de la ONU Y DE GUERRA ES UNA ZONA ECONOMICA DESARROLLADA, ASÍ COMO AL DE LA CON CONFRONTARSE Teórica PREVIA CIRCUNDANTE La Realidad, SE VEN OBLIGADOS A UNA EVOLUCIÓN TOTALMENTE A SU PENSAMIENTO POLÍTICO ANTERIOR Contraria.

ANALISIS DEL PODER DEL SINDICATO EN CADA Anarquista Y SUS RESPECTIVOS GOBIERNOS MUNICIPALES EN localidad / Analisis poder politico de los anarquistas

Tesis Doctoral QUE CON DETALLE LA Analiza Influencia DE LOS ES CADA MUNICIPIO Anarquistas, PODER POLÍTICO DURANTE SU CONTRA LA GUERRA CIVIL LAS Fuerzas franquistas (1936-1939, Alianzas SUS, Teórica EVOLUCION ORGANIZATIVA Y, ASPECTOS IMPORTANTES DE SU GESTIÓN PÚBLICA COTIDIANA, ETC.

The research establishes a context-specific sense of strategic risk in English local authorities. Uncertainty is found to be central to understanding risk but current practice is found not to reflect this, presenting risks with a false and misleading precision. Risks are identified to have varying, multiple characteristics. Risk assessment models which embrace these characteristics are developed and tested using a consistently applied bespoke risk data set developed for the research. Issues of control confidence and the betrayal of stakeholder trust are explored within these risk assessment models. The research proposes an accessible, fuzzy risk assessment model with an ability to inform decision-making beyond the mere ranking of risks provided by current practice approaches.

It has been recognised that organisational learning (OL) possesses considerable potential for developing workers and, through them, organisations. Although its relevance to the public sector has been acknowledged, a relatively small amount of empirical work has been undertaken. Where it has been, emphasis on learning embedded in daily practices has been lacking. This study fills a significant gap by providing a holistic and empirically-based exploration of OL within the public sector based on three diverse case studies in the Welsh Government. This study illustrates how OL practices in the Welsh Government emerged from mediations between individuals and six structures – namely physical, accountability, development, management intervention, workplace social and work task-based. OL is shown to be a locally formulated and pluralist phenomenon, based on the capacities of individuals involved and the highly nuanced dynamics created by and among the six structures. A new framework for the comprehensive investigation and analysis of OL emerges from the analysis. Some key findings from the study are that learning involving identifying and assessing new ways of doing things was neither practised nor required in all areas, that engagement in change during the undertaking of day-to-day work activities was a stimulant for learning, that different work tasks presented different possibilities for making and remedying mistakes, that the absence of a target-driven environment was an important enabler for staff to pursue off-the-job learning, that different work tasks presented varying opportunities for engaging with people, that engagement with people tended to happen only when staff felt that it would result in them being able to perform their roles more effectively, that inter-OL was not generally part of working life and that efforts to capture knowledge were generally not made unless there was a clear purpose or value seen for doing so.